www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Learning iPhone Programming www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Learning iPhone Programming Alasdair Allan Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo www.it-ebooks.info Learning iPhone Programming by Alasdair Allan Copyright © 2010 Alasdair Allan. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editor: Brian Jepson Production Editor: Sarah Schneider Copyeditor: Audrey Doyle Proofreader: Kiel Van Horn Indexer: Seth Maislin Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Robert Romano Printing History: March 2010: First Edition. O’Reilly and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Learning iPhone Programming, the image of a lapwing, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. TM This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. ISBN: 978-0-596-80643-9 [M] 1267461377 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1. Why Go Native? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Pros and Cons 1 Why Write Native Applications? 2 The Release Cycle 3 Build It and They Will Come 4 2. Becoming a Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Registering As an iPhone Developer 5 Enrolling in the iPhone Developer Program 7 The Apple Developer Connection 8 Installing the iPhone SDK 8 Preparing Your iPhone or iPod touch 11 Creating a Development Certificate 12 Getting the UDID of Your Development Device 14 Creating an App ID 15 Creating a Mobile Provisioning Profile 16 Making Your Device Available for Development 17 3. Your First iPhone App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Objective-C Basics 19 Object-Oriented Programming 19 The Objective-C Object Model 21 The Basics of Objective-C Syntax 23 Creating a Project 23 Exploring the Project in Xcode 25 Our Project in Interface Builder 32 Adding Code 34 Connecting the Outlets in Interface Builder 36 Putting the Application on Your iPhone 37 v www.it-ebooks.info 4. Coding in Objective-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Declaring and Defining Classes 41 Declaring a Class with the Interface 41 Defining a Class with the Implementation 42 Object Typing 43 Properties 44 Synthesizing Properties 45 The Dot Syntax 45 Declaring Methods 45 Calling Methods 46 Calling Methods on nil 47 Memory Management 47 Creating Objects 47 The Autorelease Pool 48 The alloc, retain, copy, and release Cycle 48 The dealloc Method 50 Responding to Memory Warnings 50 Fundamental iPhone Design Patterns 50 The Model-View-Controller Pattern 51 Views and View Controllers 51 The Delegates and DataSource Pattern 52 Conclusion 53 5. Table-View-Based Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Simplifying the Template Classes 55 Creating a Table View 58 Organizing and Navigating Your Source Code 61 Connecting the Outlets 62 Building a Model 65 Adding Images to Your Projects 71 Connecting the Controller to the Model 73 Mocking Up Functionality with Alert Windows 74 Adding Navigation Controls to the Application 75 Adding a City View 79 Edit Mode 85 Deleting a City Entry 89 Adding a City Entry 90 The “Add New City ” Interface 93 Capturing the City Data 100 6. Other View Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Utility Applications 107 Making the Battery Monitoring Application 108 vi | Table of Contents www.it-ebooks.info Tab Bar Applications 119 Refactoring the Template 120 Adding Another Tab Bar Item 122 Finishing Up 124 Modal View Controllers 125 Modifying the City Guide Application 126 The Image Picker View Controller 133 Adding the Image Picker to the City Guide Application 133 7. Connecting to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Detecting Network Status 145 Apple’s Reachability Class 145 Embedding a Web Browser in Your App 150 A Simple Web View Controller 150 Displaying Static HTML Files 159 Getting Data Out of a UIWebView 160 Sending Email 161 Getting Data from the Internet 166 Synchronous Requests 166 Asynchronous Requests 167 Using Web Services 168 8. Handling Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Data Entry 191 UITextField and Its Delegate 191 UITextView and Its Delegate 193 Parsing XML 195 Parsing XML with libxml2 196 Parsing XML with NSXMLParser 197 Parsing JSON 199 The Twitter Search Service 201 The Twitter Trends Application 202 Regular Expressions 213 Introduction to Regular Expressions 213 Storing Data 217 Using Flat Files 217 Storing Information in an SQL Database 218 Core Data 224 9. Distributing Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Adding Missing Features 225 Adding an Icon 225 Adding a Launch Image 227 Table of Contents | vii www.it-ebooks.info Changing the Display Name 231 Enabling Rotation 232 Building and Signing 233 Ad Hoc Distribution 233 Developer-to-Developer Distribution 240 App Store Distribution 240 Submitting to the App Store 241 The App Store Resource Center 244 Reasons for Rejection 244 10. Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Hardware Support 249 Determining Available Hardware Support 249 Setting Required Hardware Capabilities 251 Using the Camera 253 The Core Location Framework 254 Location-Dependent Weather 256 Using the Accelerometer 266 Writing an Accelerometer Application 268 Using the Digital Compass 272 Accessing the Proximity Sensor 274 Using Vibration 275 11. Geolocation and Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 User Location 277 Annotating Maps 285 12. Integrating Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Application Preferences 295 Accessing Global Preferences 305 Custom URL Schemes 305 Using Custom Schemes 305 Registering Custom Schemes 306 Media Playback 310 Using the Address Book 314 Interactive People Picking 315 Programmatic People Picking 319 13. Other Native Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 PhoneGap 321 Download and Installation 322 Building a PhoneGap Project 323 MonoTouch 325 viii | Table of Contents www.it-ebooks.info [...]... iPhone requires an Intel Mac running Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) or later Registering As an iPhone Developer Before you can develop for the iPhone, you need to become a registered iPhone developer so that you can download and install the iPhone SDK This will give you access to the SDK and allow you to build and test your applications in iPhone Simulator If you take it a step further and enroll in the iPhone. .. registering as an iPhone developer will be to verify your email address Apple Websites You’ll use four main websites as part of the iPhone development process: The iPhone Dev Center This site is where you can get access to the latest versions of the iPhone SDK, along with background technical information, API documentation, sample code, and instructional videos You need to be a registered iPhone developer... Worldwide Developers Conference) Installing the iPhone SDK Once you have registered as an iPhone developer, you can log in to the iPhone Dev Center and download the iPhone SDK At the time of this writing, Apple combined the iPhone SDK and Xcode into a single download It is possible that in future releases you may need to install Xcode first, and then install the iPhone SDK from a separate installer Newer... the iPhone SDK | 9 www.it-ebooks.info Figure 2-2 The Xcode New Project window worse yet, days later) that you’re using classes or frameworks that aren’t actually present on the device Both NSPredicate and NSXMLDocument are commonly used classes For instance, NSXMLDocument is the class most people programming in Objective-C on the Mac (rather than the iPhone) would use to perform an XQuery on an XML document... Who Should Read This Book? This book gives a rapid introduction to programming for the iPhone and iPod touch for those with some programming experience If you are developing on the Mac for the first time, drawn to the platform because of the iPhone, or alternatively you are an experienced Mac programmer making the transition to the iPhone, this book is for you What Should You Already Know? The book... Developer www.it-ebooks.info Enrolling in the iPhone Developer Program If you intend to sell your applications on the App Store, or you just want to be able to deploy them onto your own iPhone or iPod touch, you’ll also need to enroll in the iPhone Developer Program If you’ve not already registered as an iPhone developer, you can do that during this process Your iPhone Developer Program membership lasts... the iPhone and iPod touch and prepare them for distribution You’ll need to be both a registered iPhone developer and enrolled in one of the iPhone Developer Programs to access this site The App Store Resource Center This site provides help and advice on how to distribute your application on the App Store, including preparing your app for submission, understanding the App Store approval process, and learning. .. on the App Store You’ll need to be both a registered iPhone developer and enrolled in the iPhone Developer Standard Program to access this site iTunes Connect This site provides you with the tools to manage your applications on the iTunes App Store and your contracts with Apple You’ll need to be both a registered iPhone developer and enrolled in the iPhone Developer Standard Program to access this site... a Developer This chapter walks you through the process of registering as an iPhone developer and setting up your work environment, from installing Xcode and the iPhone SDK to generating the developer certificates you’ll need to build your applications and deploy them onto your own iPhone or iPod touch Chapter 3, Your First iPhone App This chapter allows you to get hands-on as quickly as possible and... free account, you also won’t have access to prerelease versions of the iPhone SDK or the iPhone OS You can sign up at http://developer.apple.com /iphone/ 5 www.it-ebooks.info If you are an existing Apple Developer Connection (ADC) member, or if you have an iTunes or MobileMe account, you can use your existing Apple ID to register as an iPhone developer However, if you intend to sell software commercially, . www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Learning iPhone Programming www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Learning iPhone Programming Alasdair Allan Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo www.it-ebooks.info Learning. As an iPhone Developer 5 Enrolling in the iPhone Developer Program 7 The Apple Developer Connection 8 Installing the iPhone SDK 8 Preparing Your iPhone