Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page i PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK009 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis DISEASES AND DISORDERS A Nursing Therapeutics Manual THIRD EDITION FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page ii PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK009 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis This page left intentionally blank FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page iii PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK00 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis DISEASES AND DISORDERS A Nursing Therapeutics Manual THIRD EDITION Marilyn Sawyer Sommers, RN, PhD, FAAN Professor University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Susan A Johnson, RN, PhD Program Director & Associate Professor College of Mount St Joseph Cincinnati, Ohio Theresa A Beery, PhD, RN Associate Professor University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page iv PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK00 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis F A Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Company Copyright © 2007, 2002, 1997 by F A Davis Company All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher Printed in the United States Last digit indicates print number: 10 Acquisitions Editor: Joanne P DaCunha, RN, MSN Developmental Editor: Kristin L Kern Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer Diseases and disorders : a nursing therapeutics manual / Marilyn Sawyer Sommers, Susan A Johnson, Theresa A Beery.—3rd ed p ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-1337-9 ISBN-10: 0-8036-1337-7 Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc Nursing diagnosis—Handbooks, manuals, etc Therapeutics—Handbooks, manuals, etc I Johnson, Susan A II Beery, Theresa A III Title [DNLM: Nursing Care—methods—Handbooks Nursing Process—Handbooks WY 49 S697da 2007] RT51.S66 2007 610.73—dc22 2006019341 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F A Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036–0811/ 02 ϩ $.10 FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page v PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK009 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Dedication To my girls- Marilyn, Melissa, Abigail, and Sophia- with love MSS To Ian, Tara, Shannon, Courtney, Michael, Abigail, and Morgan…you bring much love, joy and pride to our family And to all the nursing students I have encountered…many thanks for all the lessons you have taught me May you always strive to make a difference in others, in the profession, and in yourself SAJ To my dear husband, delightful children and extraordinary grandchildren You bring me so much joy! TAB v FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page vi PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK00 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis This page left intentionally blank FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page vii PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK00 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Preface T he first and second editions of this book were conceived to provide distilled, up-to-date information to nursing students and staff nurses about many conditions and diagnoses encountered in nursing practice With the third edition, we have responded to the ever-changing health care environment as well as to the recommendations of our readers and editors We have held true to our initial purpose in this third edition: to provide a ready source of information for nurses in a time of short staffing, brief lengths of stay, and increasing patient acuity in the hospital, in nursing homes, in rehabilitation centers, and in the home We have also responded to the everincreasing need for nurses to understand the scientific basis of their practice by augmenting the pathophysiology sections that were in the past two editions Perhaps the most significant addition to the third edition is a section entitled Genetic Considerations Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, the health care disciplines are beginning to understand the enormous significance of the human genome sequence, which provides foundational information that shows us how genes and proteins work together to promote human health This section of the book assists practitioners to consider how the genetic basis of disease is related to environmental factors in health and disease, and how disease susceptibility, detection of illness, and drug response are related to people’s genetic make-up We are indebted to co-author Dr Terry Beery for the development of the genetic information contained in this edition As in the first edition, we have included relevant information about Gender and Life Span Considerations, and have enhanced this section with information about racial and ethnic differences in health and disease As our society has an ever-increasing diversity, we have developed this section so that practitioners have a basis from which to develop culturally competent care Each entry begins with the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) category DRGs were initiated by the Health Care Financing Administration to serve as an organizing framework to grouprelated conditions and to stabilize reimbursements Because they provide a convenient standard to evaluate hospital care, DRGs are used by institutions and disciplines to measure utilization and to allocate resources We have included DRGs to indicate the expected norms in average length of stay for each entry Each entry follows the nursing process, with assessment information incorporated in the History and Physical Assessment sections, the Psychosocial Assessment, and Diagnostic Highlights Based on requests from our readers and reviewers, we have supplemented information on diagnostic testing from earlier editions to provide normal and abnormal values for the most important diagnostic tests We have also added a section to explain the rationale for the test These detailed, specific sections provide the foundation needed to perform a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition so that a Primary Nursing Diagnosis can be formulated appropriate to the patient’s specific needs The Planning and Implementation section is divided into Collaborative and Independent interventions The intent of the Collaborative section is to detail the goals of a multidisciplinary plan of care to manage the condition or disease As in the second edition, there is an expanded section on Pharmacologic Highlights that explores commonly used drugs, their doses, mechanisms of action, and rationales for use The Independent section focuses on independent nursing interventions that demonstrate the core of the art and science of nursing Each entry then finishes with Documentation Guidelines and Discharge and Home Healthcare Guidelines to help nurses evaluate the outcomes of care and to prepare hospitalized patients for discharge As with the first and second editions, the idea for the book originated with Joanne Patzek DaCunha, Publisher at F.A Davis The authors salute her creativity, perseverance, enthusiasm, and vision More importantly, her gracious friendship and support enabled us to accomplish this vii FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page viii PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK0 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis viii Preface revision with a minimum of difficulty We also owe a debt of gratitude to Jeff Sommers for his assistance with manuscript development, editing, proofreading, and supportive cheerleading Finally we acknowledge with gratitude the hard work that a host of contributors made to the first edition The entire reason to revise this book is to provide practicing nurses a concise and yet scientifically sound text to guide the professional practice of nursing The provision of nursing care in the 21st century presents us with overwhelming challenges, and yet nursing is the discipline of choice for millions of practitioners We hope this book honors the science of nursing and makes it easier to practice the art of nursing MSS FABK009-FM-i-xviii.qxd 11/7/06 10:47 AM Page ix PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE:FABK00 Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Consultants Dianne V Benton, RN, MS Instructor, Senior Level MedicalSurgical Nursing Louise Obici School of Nursing Suffolk, Virginia Barbara Dunn, RN, MSN Professor, Nursing New Hampshire Technical Institute Concord, New Hampshire Mary Taylor Martof, RN, EdD Associate Professor Louisiana State Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana Anne Pithan, RN, MSN Nursing Faculty St Luke’s College of Nursing Sioux City, Iowa Sylvia J Sheffler, RN, DNSc Associate Professor Delaware State University Dover, Delaware Susan Wilkinson, RN, MSN, PhD(c) Professional Specialist Department of Nursing Angelo State University San Angelo, Texas Christine C Mihal, RN, MSN Lecturer of Nursing Associate Director of Baccalaureate Nursing Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck, New Jersey ix FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 965 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index Hepatitis, 410–415, 411t, 572–576 Hepatojugular reflux, 396 Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, 357 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, 241, 923 Hernia, inguinal, 521–523 Herniated disk, 415–418 Herpes simplex virus infection, 315, 418–421, 421b Herpes zoster infection, 421–424 High-density lipoproteins, 449, 450t Highly active antiretroviral therapy, 29 Hip, developmental dysplasia, 292, 294 Histamine receptor antagonists abdominal trauma, 10 gastritis, 363 gastroesophageal reflux disease, 370 liver failure, 575 metabolic alkalosis, 24 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 631 peptic ulcer disease, 712 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, 25–31, 26t, 28b Hodgkin’s disease, 424–429, 425t–426t Hormone therapy breast cancer, 152, 153 prostate cancer, 779 Horner’s syndrome, 205, 529 Human chorionic gonadotropin ectopic pregnancy, 308 ovarian cancer, 682 spontaneous abortion, 13t Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 25–31, 26t, 28b Hutchinson’s pupil, 529 Hydralazine aortic valve insufficiency, 90 preeclampsia, 762 Hydrocolloids, 769 Hydrocortisone adrenal insufficiency, 47 hemorrhoids, 405 Hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 36 Hydrogels, 769 Hydronephrosis, 429–433 Hydroxychloroquine, 584 Hydroxyurea, 844 Hypercalcemia, 433–437, 458 Hyperchloremia, 437–439 Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 448 Hyperglycemia, 285t, 439–443 Hyperhemolytic crisis, 843, 843t 965 Hyperkalemia, 443–446 Hyperlipoproteinemia, 447–452, 447t, 450t Hypermagnesemia, 451–454 Hypernatremia, 438, 454–457, 455t Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, 440 Hyperparathyroidism, 434, 458–462 Hyperphosphatemia, 462–465 Hypertension, 465–469 pregnancy, 758–763 pulmonary, 796–799 Hyperthyroidism, 469–473 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 189–193, 190t Hyperventilation, 22 Hyperviscosity syndrome, 626 Hypocalcemia, 473–477, 695–696 Hypochloremia, 477–480 Hypoglycemia, 285t, 480–483, 726 Hypokalemia, 483–486 Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, 484 Hypomagnesemia, 487–490 Hyponatremia, 490–494, 491t Hypoparathyroidism, 494–498 Hypophosphatemia, 498–501 Hypophysectomy, 259 Hypoplastic anemia, 94–98 Hypothyroidism, 378–381, 501–505 Hypovolemic shock, 505–509 Hysterectomy cervical cancer, 214 dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 305 ovarian cancer, 682 uterine cancer, 925 Hysteroscopy, 304 I Ibuprofen, 263 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 511–514 IgA nephropathy, 375 Illicit drug use, 784–789, 786t Imiquimod, 852 Immobilization musculoskeletal trauma, 644, 645 pelvic fracture, 704, 705 Immune globulin hepatitis, 413, 414 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 513 tetanus, 886 Immunization, tetanus, 885 Immunoglobulin E, 106 Immunoglobulin M, 621 Immunomodulatory agents, 635 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 966 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 966 Index Immunosuppressants chronic renal failure, 813 Crohn’s disease, 255 multiple sclerosis, 635 myasthenia gravis, 648 Sjögren’s syndrome, 847 ulcerative colitis, 913 Immunotherapy, 604 Impedance plethysmography, 893 Incontinence, 922 Infant cleft lip/palate, 237–240 diabetes insipidus, 279–280 hernia, 521 hypothyroidism, 501 myasthenia gravis, 646 nephrotic syndrome, 659 sudden death, 865–868 Infarction, myocardial, 650–655 Infection amnion, 227–230 bone, 669–672 cerebral, 314–318 Chlamydia trachomatis, 219–223 chorion, 227–230 Clostridium botulinum, 139–142 Clostridium tetani, 883–887 cytomegalovirus, 271–274 endocardial, 514–518, 515b Epstein-Barr virus, 620–623 gonorrhea, 381–384 herpes simplex virus, 315, 418–421, 421b herpes zoster virus, 421–424 HIV, 25–31, 26t, 28b intestinal, 364–368 meningeal, 605–609 middle ear, 676–679 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 631–632 myocardial, 655–658 nasopharyngeal, 899–902, 900t prostate, 781–784 pulmonary, 740–743 renal, 800–803 respiratory, 518–520 respiratory syncytial viral, 155–158 Salmonella, 831–833 spontaneous abortion and, 12 Treponema pallidum, 871–875, 873t tuberculosis, 906–910 urinary tract, 914–918 vaginal, 932–935 Infectious mononucleosis, 620–623 Infective endocarditis, 514–518, 515b Inflammatory bowel disease, 252–256 Influenza, 518–520 Inguinal hernia, 521–523 Insulin diabetes mellitus, 286, 287 hyperglycemia, 440, 442 hyperkalemia, 446 hypermagnesemia, 453 Insulin resistance, 440 Intermittent claudication, 103, 105 International Normalized Ratio, 893 Intervertebral disk herniation, 415–418 Intestine inflammation, 364–368 intussusception, 534–537 obstruction, 524–527 trauma, 5–11, 6t volvulus, 944–947 Intra-aortic balloon pump, 398 Intracerebral hematoma, 527–531 Intracranial pressure diffuse axonal injury, 290 epidural hematoma, 328 increase in, 145 meningitis, 607, 608 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 859 subdural hematoma, 864 Intraocular pressure, 371–374 Intrauterine fetal demise, 531–534 Intravenous immune globulin, 513 Intravenous pyelography, 172 Intrinsic factor antibody, 722 Intussusception, 534–537 Iron deficiency anemia, 538–541 Iron supplements, 540 Irritable bowel syndrome, 541–544 Ischemia cardiac, 76–81, 77t five Ps, myocardial, 650–655 peripheral, 102–106 silent, 77t, 78 Isoniazid, 909 J Joint disease, 275–278 Junctional dysrhythmias, 545–548 Junctional escape rhythm, 545–548 Juvenile hypothyroidism, 501 Juvenile parkinsonism, 698 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 967 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index K Kegel exercises, 269, 270 Kehr’s sign, Kernig’s sign, 606 Ketoconazole, 779 Ketorolac, 173 Kidneys acute failure, 805–809 cancer, 549–552 chronic failure, 810–815, 810t failure, 630t glomerulonephritis, 374–377 hydronephrosis, 429–433 polycystic disease, 746–749 pyelonephritis, 800–803 stones, 171–174 transplantation, 813, 814, 815 trauma, 918–922 Knee-jerk reflex, 453 Kussmaul’s respirations, 22 L La Crosse encephalitis, 315 Labor See also Pregnancy cervical incompetence, 216–219 fetopelvic disproportion and, 344–348 induction, 533 preterm, 771–775, 771b–772b Lactate dehydrogenase cirrhosis, 235 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 738 preeclampsia, 760 Lanthanum carbonate, 464 Laparoscopy endometriosis, 320 pelvic inflammatory disease, 707 Laparotomy, ovarian cancer, 682 Large intestine cancer, 240–244 obstruction, 524–527 trauma, 5–11, 6t Laryngeal cancer, 553–556 Laryngectomy, 555 Laryngitis, 556–560, 557t Laryngoscopy, 554, 558 Laryngotracheobronchitis, 556–560, 557t Laser surgery, cervical cancer, 214 Lavage, peritoneal, 9, 718 LaVeen continuous peritoneal jugular shunt, 236 Laxatives, 270, 543 Left ventricular assist device, 187–188 Legionnaires’ disease, 560–563 Leukemia acute, 563–567 chronic, 567–572 Leukocyte esterase dip test, 916 Leukotriene antagonists, 109 Leuprolide, 321, 779 Levodopa, 700 Levothyroxine, 504, 898 Lidocaine, 942 Lip, cleft, 237–240 Lipase cystic fibrosis, 263 pancreatitis, 695 Lipid excess, 447–452, 447t Lipid profile, 250 Lipoproteins high-density, 449, 450t low-density, 449, 450t Liver cirrhosis, 233–237, 234b failure, 572–576, 573f, 630t inflammation, 410–415, 411t trauma, 5–11, 6t Liver function tests, 413 Lockjaw, 883–887 Long QT syndrome, 940 Lou Gehrig’s disease, 69–73 Low-density lipoproteins, 449, 450t Lugol’s solution, 930 Lumbar puncture encephalitis, 316 meningitis, 607 multiple sclerosis, 634 tetanus, 885 Lungs auscultation, 42 cancer, 576–581 collapse, 110–113 failure, 630t fibrosis, 793–796 influenza, 518–520 sarcoidosis, 834–837 tuberculosis, 906–910 Lupus erythematosus, 581–585 Luteinizing hormone, 303, 730 Lyme disease, 585–588 Lymphangiography Hodgkin’s disease, 427 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 591 Lymphedema, postmastectomy, 153 Lymphocytes, T, 28 967 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 968 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 968 Index Lymphocytic leukemia acute, 563–567 chronic, 567–572 Lymphoma Burkitt’s, 590 CNS, 142–148, 144t Hodgkin’s, 424–429, 425t–426t non-Hodgkin’s, 589–593, 589t M Mafenide acetate, 169 Magnesium deficiency, 52t, 487–490 excess, 451–454 normal, 452 Magnesium gluconate, 489 Magnesium sulfate abruptio placentae, 18 hypocalcemia, 476 hypomagnesemia, 489 placenta previa, 735 preeclampsia, 761 premature labor, 773 Magnetic resonance imaging acromegaly, 32 brain cancer, 146 cerebrovascular accident, 209 diffuse axonal injury, 289 epilepsy, 331 Hodgkin’s disease, 426 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 591 pancreatic cancer, 690 pericarditis, 715 pheochromocytoma, 725 pituitary adenoma, 730 spinal cord injury, 855 varicose veins, 937 Magnetic resonance venography, 937 Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 595–597 Malnutrition, anorexia nervosa, 86, 87 Mammary glands See Breast(s) Mammography, 150, 350 Manometry, esophageal, 338, 369 Marijuana abuse, 784–789, 786t Mastectomy, 151, 152t, 153 Mastitis, 598–601 McRoberts maneuver, 346 Mean arterial pressure, diffuse axonal injury, 290 Mechanical ventilation acute respiratory distress syndrome, 43 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 631 Medroxyprogesterone acetate dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 305 endometriosis, 321 Medulloblastoma, 142–148, 143t Melanoma, 601–605, 602t Melphalan, 68 Membranes, premature rupture, 763–767 Meningioma, 142–148, 144t Meningitis, 605–609 Meperidine, 766 Mesalamine Crohn’s disease, 255 ulcerative colitis, 913 Metabolic acidosis, 19–25, 20t Metabolic alkalosis, 19–25, 20t Metanephrines, 725 Methimazole, hyperthyroidism, 472 Methotrexate sodium, ectopic pregnancy, 309 Methyldopa, 762 Methylergonovine, 757 Methylprednisolone, 856 Metoclopramide, 370 Metoprolol, 80 Metronidazole Crohn’s disease, 255 ulcerative colitis, 913 vaginitis, 934 Mezlocillin, chorioamnionitis, 229 Miconazole, 176 Middle ear infection, 676–679 Migraine headache, 609–612 Mill-wheel murmur, 49 Minimal change nephrotic syndrome, 659 Miotic eyedrops, 373 Misoprostol, 757 Mithramycin, 436 Mitotane, 259 Mitral insufficiency (regurgitation), 612–616 Mitral stenosis, 616–620 Mixed acid-base disorders, 21t Moniliasis, 174–177 Mononucleosis, infectious, 620–623 Monospot, 621 Morphine, 3, 173, 890 Motor vehicle crash, 642 Multigated blood pool imaging, 397 Multiple endocrine neoplasia, 434, 458, 896 Multiple myeloma, 623–727, 623t Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 627–632, 629t, 630t Multiple sclerosis, 633–640 Murmur FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 969 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index air embolism, 49 aortic valve insufficiency, 89 aortic valve stenosis, 91 mill-wheel, 49 Muscle biopsy, 638 Muscle relaxants, 417 Muscle weakness, 385 Muscular dystrophy, 636–640, 637t–638t Musculoskeletal trauma, 641–645, 641t Myasthenia gravis, 646–650 Myasthenic crisis, 647 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, 906–910 Myelogenous leukemia acute, 563–567 chronic, 567–572 Myeloma, multiple, 623–727, 623t Myocardial (cardiac) contusion, 177–181, 178t–179t Myocardial infarction, 185–189, 650–655 Myocarditis, 655–658 Myoglobin, 643 Myotomy, cricopharyngeal, 339 Myotonic muscular dystrophy, 636–640, 638t N Nafarelin, 321 Naloxone, 787, 788 Narcotics See also Opioids abuse of, 784–789, 786t Nasopharyngoscopy, 554 Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, 381–384 Nephrectomy, 551 Nephritis, crescentic, 375 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 279–282 Nephrolithiasis, 171–174 Nephrostomy tube, 921 Nephrotic syndrome, 659–662 Nerve conduction study, 71 Neurilemma, acoustic, 142–148, 144t Neurinoma, acoustic, 142–148, 144t Neurogenic bladder, 662–667, 663t Neurologic examination cerebrovascular accident, 208, 209 migraine headache, 610 Nifedipine aortic valve insufficiency, 90 preeclampsia, 762 premature labor, 773 Nilutamide, 779 Nimodipine, 860 Nitrates, 251 Nitrazine test, 764 Nitric oxide, 43 Nitrofurantoin cystitis, 267 prostatitis, 783 urinary tract infection, 917 Nitroglycerin, 80 Nitroprusside aortic valve insufficiency, 90 thoracic aortic aneurysm, 890 Nocturia, 280 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 589–593, 589t Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 29 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs angina pectoris, 80 breast cancer, 153 carpal tunnel syndrome, 194 cervical cancer, 215 chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome, 232 cystic fibrosis, 263 degenerative joint disease, 277 dislocation, 294 ectopic pregnancy, 309 inguinal hernia, 523 lupus erythematosus, 584 multiple myeloma, 644 ovarian cancer, 683 pericarditis, 716 prostate cancer, 779 renal calculi, 173 rheumatic fever, 821 rheumatoid arthritis, 824 tendinitis, 878 testicular cancer, 882 uterine cancer, 927 vaginal cancer, 931 Norepinephrine, urinary, 725–726 Normodyne, 762 Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 29 Nutrition abdominal trauma, 10 anorexia nervosa, 86, 87 cystic fibrosis, 263 cystitis, 266 diabetes mellitus, 286 liver failure, 575 myasthenia gravis, 649 post–pancreatoduodenectomy, 691 septic shock, 840 Nystatin, 176 969 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 970 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 970 Index O Occlusive disease arterial, 102–106 venous, 789–793 Occult blood test, 242 Octreotide, 33 Ocular toxoplasmosis, 903–904 Ocusert, 373 Oligodendroglioma, 142–148, 144t Ophthalmoscopy cataract, 197 retinal detachment, 816 Opioids abdominal aortic aneurysm, biliary cancer, 355 breast cancer, 153 cervical cancer, 215 colorectal cancer, 243 cystocele, 270 diffuse axonal injury, 270 dislocation, 294 disseminated intravascular coagulation, 290 ectopic pregnancy, 309 fetopelvic disproportion, 347 gastric cancer, 359 hemothorax, 409 inguinal hernia, 523 intracerebral hematoma, 530 intrauterine fetal demise, 533 kidney cancer, 551 laryngeal cancer, 555 multiple myeloma, 644 musculoskeletal trauma, 644 ovarian cancer, 683 pancreatitis, 696 pelvic fracture, 704 peritonitis, 719 premature rupture of membranes, 766 prostate cancer, 779 rectocele, 270 renal calculi, 173 sickle cell disease, 844 subluxation, 294 testicular cancer, 882 thoracic aortic aneurysm, 890 uterine cancer, 927 vaginal cancer, 931 Oral contraceptives endometriosis, 321 fibrocystic condition of the breast, 351 Orchiectomy, 881–882 Orchiopexy, 880 Organ dysfunction syndrome, 627–632, 629t, 630t Ortolani-Barlow maneuver, 293 Osmolality blood, 280, 870 urine, 280, 456, 492, 870 Osmolarity, serum, 438, 441, 456, 479, 492 Osteitis deformans, 685–688 Osteoarthritis, 275–278 Osteogenic sarcoma, 135–139, 135t Osteomyelitis, 669–672 Osteopenia, 458 Osteoporosis, 458, 474, 672–676 Osteosarcoma, 135–139, 135t, 136t Otitis media, 676–679 Otorrhea, 326, 527 Ovarian cancer, 680–684 Oxacillin, 517 Oxytocin abruptio placentae, 18 cervical incompetence, 218 fetopelvic disproportion, 347 postpartum hemorrhage, 757 premature rupture of membranes, 766 spontaneous abortion, 14 P Paclitaxel, uterine cancer, 927 Paget’s disease, 434, 685–688 Pain management See Analgesia; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Opioids Painful bladder disease, 264–267 Palate, cleft, 237–240 Palatoplasty, 239 Pamidronate, 436 Pancreas cancer, 688–692 inflammation, 693–697 trauma, 5–11, 6t Pancreatectomy, 690 Pancreatic enzymes, 691 Pancreatitis, 693–697 Pancreatoduodenectomy, 690 Pancrelipase, 263 Panendoscopy, 554 PaO2 diffuse axonal injury, 290 fat embolism, 342 Pap smear, 213, 924 Parathyroid hormone deficiency, 494–498 excess, 458–462 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 971 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index hypocalcemia, 475 normal, 435, 460 Parathyroidectomy, 460, 461 Parkinson’s disease, 697–701 Parosteal osteosarcoma, 135–139, 136t Paroxysmal junctional tachycardia, 547 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 115, 117t Partial thromboplastin time, activated disseminated intravascular coagulation, 297 hemophilia, 401 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 630 Patellar reflex, 453 Pegvisomant, 33 Pelvic examination, 213, 382 Pelvic fracture, 701–705, 702t Pelvic inflammatory disease, 705–709 Pelvimetry, 346 Pelvirectal abscess, 81–84 Pemberton’s sign, 379 Penicillins infective endocarditis, 517 mastitis, 600 rheumatic fever, 821 syphilis, 874 tetanus, 886 Pentobarbital, substance abuse, 788 Peptic ulcer disease, 709–713 Pericardectomy, 716 Pericardial effusion, 714 Pericarditis, 713–716 Periorbital ecchymosis, 326 Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, 102–106 Perirectal abscess, 81–84 Peritoneal dialysis acute renal failure, 808 chronic renal failure, 812, 814 Peritoneal lavage abdominal trauma, peritonitis, 718 Peritoneovenous shunt, 236 Peritonitis, 717–720 Pernicious anemia, 720–724 Petechiae, 342 pH, 19 See also Acidosis; Alkalosis esophageal, 369 vaginal, 933 Phalen’s test, 194 Phantom limb pain, 65 Phenazopyridine cystitis, 267 urinary tract infection, 917 urinary tract trauma, 921 971 Phenoxybenzamine, 125 Phenylephrine, 198 Phenytoin amputation pain, 65 epidural hematoma, 326 substance abuse, 788 Pheochromocytoma, 724–728 Phosphate-binding agents acute renal failure, 808 hyperphosphatemia, 464 hypoparathyroidism, 497 Phosphorus deficiency, 498–501 excess, 462–465 normal, 463 supplemental, 500 Physical therapy, 639, 640 Piperacillin, 229 Pituitary gland adenoma, 142–148, 144t, 259, 728–732 syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, 868–871 Placenta, premature separation, 15–19, 16t Placenta previa, 732–736, 733b Plasma cell myeloma, 623–727, 623t Plasmacytoma, malignant, 623–727, 623t Plasmapheresis Guillain-Barré syndrome, 386–387 multiple myeloma, 626 Platelet count bulimia nervosa, 163 disseminated intravascular coagulation, 297 fat embolism, 342 hemophilia, 401 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 512 preeclampsia, 760 Plethysmography, 936 Pleural effusion, 578 Pleural space blood, 406–410 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 736–739 Pneumonia, 740–743 Pneumocystis carinii, 736–739 Pneumothorax, 406, 743–746 Polycystic kidney disease, 746–749 Polycythemia, 750–754, 750t, 752t–753t Polydipsia, 280 Polymerase chain reaction encephalitis, 316 HIV infection, 29 Polyuria, 280 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 972 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 972 Index Positive end-expiratory pressure acute respiratory distress syndrome, 43 atelectasis, 112 fat embolism, 343 Positron emission tomography, Parkinson’s disease, 699 Posterior cord syndrome, 853–857, 853t, 856b Postpartum hemorrhage, 754–758, 754b–755b Potassium deficiency, 483–486 excess, 443–446 normal, 444 Potassium chloride, 479, 486 Potassium hydroxide (KOH) test candidiasis, 176 vaginitis, 933 Potassium therapy, bulimia nervosa, 164 Prazosin, 90 Prednisone adrenal insufficiency, 47 amyloidosis, 68 chronic leukemia, 570 degenerative joint disease, 277 hyperparathyroidism, 461 myasthenia gravis, 648 nephrotic syndrome, 661 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 739 pulmonary fibrosis, 795 rheumatoid arthritis, 825 sarcoidosis, 835 Preeclampsia, 758–763 Pregnancy amniocentesis, 228 cervical incompetence, 216–219 chlamydial infections, 220 chorioamnionitis, 227–230 diabetes, 283t diabetes mellitus, 283t disseminated intravascular coagulation, 296 ectopic, 307–310 fetopelvic disproportion, 344–348 hypertension, 758–763 preeclampsia, 758–763 premature rupture of membranes, 763–767 preterm labor, 771–775, 771b–772b Prehn’s sign, 323 Premature atrial contractions, 115 Premature junctional complexes, 545–548 Premature rupture of membranes, 763–767 Premature ventricular contractions, 938–943, 939t Pressure ulcers, 767–771, 767t Preterm labor, 771–775, 771b–772b Prinzmetal’s angina, 76–81, 77t Procainamide, 942 Prochlorperazine, 611 Proctoscopy, 405 Progesterone, 308 Prolactin, 730 Prolactin inhibitors, 731 PROM (premature rupture of membranes), 763–767 Propranolol abdominal aortic aneurysm, angina pectoris, 80 Propylthiouracil cirrhosis, 236 hyperthyroidism, 472 Prostate gland benign hyperplasia, 122–126, 123b cancer, 776–781 transurethral resection, 124–125, 778 Prostate Symptom Score, 123b Prostatectomy, 778 Prostate-specific antigen, 124, 777 Prostatitis, 781–784 Protease inhibitors, 29 Proteinuria, 760 Prothrombin time disseminated intravascular coagulation, 297 hemophilia, 401 liver failure, 574 multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 630 Proton pump inhibitors gastroesophageal reflux disease, 370 peptic ulcer disease, 712 Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, neurogenic bladder, 665 Pseudohypoaldosteronism, 491–492 Psychoactive substance abuse, 784–789, 786t PTL (preterm labor), 771–775, 771b-772b PUD (peptic ulcer disease), 709–713 Pulmonary artery pressure, 798 Pulmonary embolism, 789–793 Pulmonary fibrosis, 793–796 Pulmonary function acute respiratory distress syndrome, 43 asthma, 106, 107t, 108 emphysema, 312 pulmonary fibrosis, 795 Pulmonary hypertension, 796–799 Pulmonary vascular resistance, 798 Pulse oximetry bronchiolitis, 156 laryngotracheobronchitis, 558 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 973 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index Pulsus paradoxus, 182–183 Pupillary light reflex, 529 Purpura allergic, 56–62 idiopathic thrombocytopenic, 511–514 Pyelonephritis, 800–803 Pyrazinamide, 909 Pyrimethamine, 905 Q Quinolones, 383 R Raccoon’s eyes, 326 Radiation therapy biliary tract cancer, 355 bladder cancer, 129, 130 bone cancer, 137 brain cancer, 146 breast cancer, 152 cervical cancer, 214–215 chronic leukemia, 570 colorectal cancer, 243 esophageal cancer, 335 Hodgkin’s disease, 427 laryngeal cancer, 555 lung cancer, 579 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 591, 592 ovarian cancer, 682, 684 pancreatic cancer, 691 prostate cancer, 778–779 skin cancer, 851 testicular cancer, 882 thyroid cancer, 898 uterine cancer, 925, 925t–926t, 927, 928 vaginal cancer, 931 Radiography abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, 42 atelectasis, 111 bone cancer, 137 bronchiolitis, 156 cor pulmonale, 246 degenerative joint disease, 276 disk herniation, 416 dislocation, 293 diverticular disease, 301 epidural hematoma, 327 gunshot wound, 391 hemothorax, 408 intestinal obstruction, 525 intussusception, 536 973 laryngeal cancer, 554 laryngotracheobronchitis, 558 Legionnaires’ disease, 561 lung cancer, 578 multiple myeloma, 625 musculoskeletal trauma, 643 osteomyelitis, 674 Paget’s disease, 686 pelvic fracture, 703 peptic ulcer disease, 711 peritonitis, 718 pneumonia, 741 pneumothorax, 745 pulmonary fibrosis, 794 renal calculi, 172 sarcoidosis, 836 spinal cord injury, 855 subluxation, 293 tendinitis, 878 thoracic aortic aneurysm, 889 tuberculosis, 908 ulcerative colitis, 912 urinary tract trauma, 920 volvulus, 945 Rapid plasma reagin test, 874 Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, 375 Rash herpes zoster infection, 422 lupus erythematosus, 583 Lyme disease, 586 rheumatic fever, 819 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 828 Recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator cerebrovascular accident, 210 myocardial infarction, 653 Rectocele, 268–271 Red blood cell count anorexia nervosa, 86 aplastic anemia, 96 bulimia nervosa, 163 pernicious anemia, 722 placenta previa, 734 postpartum hemorrhage, 756 preeclampsia, 760 spontaneous abortion, 13t Reflex patellar, 453 pupil, 529 Reflux, gastroesophageal, 368–371 Regional enteritis (Crohn’s disease), 252–256 Reiger syndrome, 372 Renal calculi, 171–174 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 974 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 974 Index Renal cell carcinoma, 549–552 Renal failure acute, 805–809 chronic, 810–815, 810t Renal transplantation, 813, 814, 815 Residual volume asthma, 108 emphysema, 312 pulmonary fibrosis, 795 Respiratory acidosis, 19–25, 20t Respiratory alkalosis, 19–25, 20t, 52t Respiratory distress syndrome, 41–44, 839, 840 Respiratory syncytial viral infection, 155–158 Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 189–193, 190t Reteplase, 654 Reticular dysgenesis, 95 Reticulocyte count aplastic anemia, 96 bulimia nervosa, 163 Retinal detachment, 815–818 Retinochoroiditis, 903 Retrograde urethrography pelvic fracture, 703 urinary tract trauma, 920 Rheumatic fever, 818–822 Rheumatic heart disease, 819 Rheumatoid arthritis, 822–826 Rheumatoid factor, 824 Rhinorrhea, 326, 527 RhoD immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) cervical incompetence, 218 ectopic pregnancy, 309 intrauterine fetal demise, 533 placenta previa, 735 spontaneous abortion, 14 Ribavirin, 157 Rifampin Legionnaires’ disease, 562 tuberculosis, 909 Rigidity, 699 Riluzole, 72 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 826–829 Rotavirus infection, 365 Rule of nines, 167 S St Louis encephalitis, 315 Salicylates, degenerative joint disease, 277, 278 Saline hypercalcemia, 435–436 hyponatremia, 493 Saline wet mount, 933 Salivary gland biopsy, 847 Salmonellosis, 831–833 Salpingectomy, 309, 310 Salpingostomy, 309 Salpingotomy, 309 Sarcoidosis, 834–837 Sarcoma, 135–139, 135t Schilling test, 722 Schwannoma, 142–148, 144t Scintigraphy diverticular disease, 301 pulmonary embolism, 791 Sclerotherapy hemorrhoids, 405 varicose veins, 938 Sedatives diffuse axonal injury, 290 dislocation, 294 epidural hematoma, 328 subdural hematoma, 864 Segmental arterial pressure monitoring, 104 Seizures, 329–333, 330t Sentinel lymph node biopsy, 151 Septic shock, 837–842 Sequestration crisis, 843, 843t Sevelamer hydrochloride, hyperphosphatemia, 464 Sexually transmitted diseases Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 219–223 epididymitis, 322–325 gonorrhea, 381–384 herpes simplex virus infection, 315, 418–421, 421b HIV infection, 25–31, 26t, 28b syphilis, 871–875, 873t Shigellosis, 365 Shingles, 421–424 Shock anaphylactic, 73–76, 74b cardiogenic, 185–189 hypovolemic/hemorrhagic, 505–509 septic, 837–842 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, 95 SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone), 868–871 Sickle cell crisis, 843, 843t Sickle cell disease, 842–845, 843t SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), 865–868 Sigmoidoscopy Crohn’s disease, 254 irritable bowel syndrome, 543 ulcerative colitis, 912 Sildenafil, 799 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 975 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index Silver sulfadiazine, 169 Single photon emission computed tomography, Parkinson’s disease, 699 Sinus arrhythmias, 114 Sinus bradycardia, 114, 117t Sinus tachycardia, 114, 117t SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome), 628, 838 Sjögren’s syndrome, 845–848 Skin biopsy, 850–851 Skin cancer basal cell, 119–122 melanoma, 601–605, 602t squamous cell, 848–853 Skin care, diabetes mellitus, 287 SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), 581–585 Slit–lamp examination cataract, 197 Sjögren’s syndrome, 847 Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, 106 Small bowel syndrome, 255 Small intestine inflammation, 364–368 obstruction, 524–527 trauma, 5–11, 6t Sodium acute renal failure, 807 deficiency, 490–494, 491t diabetes insipidus, 280 excess, 454–457, 455t normal, 456 SIADH, 870 Sodium bicarbonate chronic renal failure, 813 hyperchloremia, 439 metabolic acidosis, 23 Sodium chloride, 493 Sodium polystyrene sulfonate acute renal failure, 808 chronic renal failure, 813 hyperkalemia, 446 Somatomedin C, 32 Somatostatin, 508 Spastic colon, 541–544 Specific gravity, urine, 492 Spinal cord injury, 853–857, 853t, 856b Splenic trauma, 5–11, 6t Spontaneous abortion, 11–15, 12t Sputum culture bronchitis, 159 candidiasis, 176 cytomegalovirus infection, 272 Legionnaires’ disease, 561 lung cancer, 579 pneumonia, 741 sarcoidosis, 835 septic shock, 840 tuberculosis, 908 Squamous cell cancer, 848–853 Statins, 450 Status epilepticus, 329 Stem cell transplantation, 565–566 Stenosis aortic valve, 91–94 mitral, 616–620 Stillbirth, 531–534 Stimulant abuse, 784–789, 786t Stomach cancer, 356–360 inflammation, 360–364 trauma, 5–11, 5t ulcers, 709–713 Stomatitis, angular, 539 Stool culture, 366, 832 Stool softeners, 270 Streptokinase, 654 Streptomycin, 909 Stroke, 207–211, 208t, 527–531 Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 857–861 Subdural hematoma, 861–865, 861t Subluxation, 291–295 Substance abuse, 784–789, 786t Sudden infant death syndrome, 865–868 Sulcrafate gastritis, 363 gastroesophageal reflux disease, 370 Sulfisoxazole cystitis, 267 urinary tract infection, 917 Sulfonamides, toxoplasmosis, 905 Sulfonylureas, 281, 286 Sumatriptan, 611 Sweat electrolyte test, 262 Sympathomimetics cardiac tamponade, 184 cardiogenic shock, 188 cataract, 198 laryngotracheobronchitis, 558 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, 868–871 Syphilis, 871–875, 873t Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 628, 838 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 581–585 975 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 976 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 976 Index T T lymphocytes, 28 Tachycardia fetal, 764 junctional, 545–548 sinus, 114, 117t supraventricular, 115, 117t ventricular, 938–943, 940t Tamoxifen breast cancer, 153 fibrocystic breast condition, 351 Tamponade, cardiac, 178t, 181–185, 181t Tendinitis, 877–879 Tensilon test, 647 Tension pneumothorax, 743–746 Terbutaline, 773 Testicular cancer, 879–883 Tetanus, 883–887 Tetanus immune globulin, 886 Tetanus toxoid absorbed, 885, 886 Tetany, 463, 476 Tetracycline, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 222 Thermal burns, 165–170, 166t, 167t Thiamine alcohol intoxication, 40, 55 liver failure, 575 Thiazide diuretics See Diuretics Thiazolinediones, 286 Thoracic aortic aneurysm, 887–891, 888t Thoracostomy, 408–409 Thoracotomy, 409 Throat culture, 558, 900 Thromboangiitis obliterans, 101, 102 Thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic, 511–514 Thrombolytic agents, 653–654, 792 Thrombophlebitis, 891–895, 894b Thymectomy, 648 Thyroid cancer, 895–899 Thyroid hormones deficiency, 378–381, 501–505 excess, 469–473 Thyroid storm, 470 Thyroidectomy, 898 Thyroid-stimulating hormone goiter, 379 hyperthyroidism, 471 hypothyroidism, 503 pituitary adenoma, 730 thyroid cancer, 897 Thyrotoxicosis, 469–473 Thyrotropin pituitary adenoma, 730 thyroid cancer, 897 Thyroxine goiter, 379 hyperthyroidism, 471 hypothyroidism, 503 Ticarcillin, chorioamnionitis, 229 Tick-borne disease Lyme disease, 585–588 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 826–829 Tinel’s sign, 194 Tissue-plasminogen activator cerebrovascular accident, 210 myocardial infarction, 653 Tizanidine, 72 Tobramycin, 517 Tocolytics, 773 Tonometry, 372 Tonsillitis, 899–902, 900t Total body water hypernatremia, 454–457, 455t hyponatremia, 490–494, 491t Toxoplasmosis, 902–906 Transesophageal echocardiography See Echocardiography Transfusion reaction, 130–135, 131t Transient ischemic attack, 103, 207 Transplantation bone marrow See Bone marrow transplantation kidney, 813, 814, 815 stem cell, 565–566 Transurethral resection bladder, 128 prostate, 124–125, 778 Trastuzumab, 153 Trauma abdominal, 5–11, 5t–6t amputation, 63 bladder, 918–922 blunt, cardiac, 177–181, 178t–179t chest, 744 diaphragm, 5t dislocation, 291–295 epidural hematoma, 325–329 esophageal, 5t fat embolism, 341–344 fracture, 641–645, 641t gunshot, 388–393, 390t FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 977 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index hemothorax, 406–410 intracerebral hematoma, 527–531 large intestine, 6t liver, 6t musculoskeletal, 641–645, 641t myocardial, 177–181, 178t–179t pancreas, 6t pelvic fracture, 701–705, 702t penetrating, pneumothorax, 743–746 small intestine, 6t spinal, 853–857, 853t, 856b spleen, 6t stomach, 5t subluxation, 291–295 urinary tract, 918–922 Traveler’s diarrhea, 365 Tremor, 698 Trendelenburg’s test, 936 Treponema pallidum infection, 871–875, 873t Trichomoniasis, 932–935 Triglycerides, 449, 467 Tri-iodothyronine goiter, 379 hyperthyroidism, 471 hypothyroidism, 503 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cystic fibrosis, 263 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 738 prostatitis, 783 Triple therapy, peptic ulcer disease, 712 Trivalent botulism antitoxin, 141 Troponin I angina pectoris, 79 cardiac contusion, 179 myocardial infarction, 652 Troponin T angina pectoris, 79 myocardial infarction, 652 Trousseau’s sign, 475, 495 Tubal pregnancy, 307–310 Tuberculin skin test, 835 Tuberculosis, 906–910 TURB (transurethral resection of bladder), 128 TURP (transurethral resection of prostate), 124–125, 778 Tympanocentesis, 678 U Ulcer(s) peptic, 709–713 pressure, 767–771, 767t, 769–770 Ulcerative colitis, 911–914 Ultrasonography abruptio placentae, 17 arterial occlusive disease, 104 biliary tract cancer, 354 breast, 150 cervical incompetence, 217 cholecystitis, 224 cystocele, 269 ectopic pregnancy, 308 fibrocystic condition of the breast, 350 gallbladder cancer, 354 intrauterine fetal demise, 532 intussusception, 536 kidney cancer, 550 ovarian cancer, 682 pancreatic cancer, 690 pelvic fracture, 703 placenta previa, 734 preterm labor, 773 prostate cancer, 777 spontaneous abortion, 13t testicular cancer, 881 thrombophlebitis, 893 varicose veins, 936 Unstable angina, 76–81, 77t Urethrography, retrograde pelvic fracture, 703 urinary tract trauma, 920 Uric acid, 760 Urinalysis acute glomerulonephritis, 376 acute renal failure, 807 benign prostate hyperplasia, 124 cystitis, 266 epididymitis, 323 hydronephrosis, 431 nephrotic syndrome, 660 psychoactive substance abuse, 787 pyelonephritis, 801 urinary tract infection, 916 Urinary bladder See Bladder Urinary tract infection, 914–918 obstruction, 429–433 trauma, 918–922 Urine culture benign prostate hyperplasia, 124 cystitis, 266 cytomegalovirus infection, 272 977 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 978 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis 978 Index Urine culture (continued) epididymitis, 323 hydronephrosis, 431 prostatitis, 782 pyelonephritis, 801 salmonellosis, 832 septic shock, 840 urinary tract infection, 916 Urine cytology, 128 Uroflowmetry benign prostate hyperplasia, 124 neurogenic bladder, 665 Ursodeoxycholic acid, 225 Uterine bleeding, dysfunctional, 303–306 Uterine cancer, 923–928, 925t–926t V Vaginal cancer, 929–932 Vaginitis, 932–935 Vaginosis, bacterial, 932–933 Valacyclovir, 420, 423 Vanillylmandelic acid, 725 Variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina, 76–81, 77t Varicella zoster virus infection, 421–424 Varices, esophageal, 236 Varicose veins, 935–938 Vasodilators acute renal failure, 808 acute respiratory distress syndrome, 43 aortic valve insufficiency, 90 cardiomyopathy, 192 heart failure, 398 mitral insufficiency, 615 mitral stenosis, 619 pulmonary hypertension, 799 Vaso-occlusive crisis, 843, 843t Vasopressin diabetes insipidus, 280 gastritis, 363 Vasopressors cardiogenic shock, 188 septic shock, 841 Vasospasm, cerebral, 858 VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test, 873 Veins, varicose, 935–938 Venography, 937 Venous plethysmography, 936 Venous thromboembolism, 789–793 Ventilation, 43 Ventilation/perfusion scan, 791 Ventricular asystole, 938–943, 940t Ventricular dysrhythmias, 938–943, 939t–940t Ventricular fibrillation, 938–943, 940t Ventricular tachycardia, 938–943, 940t Vermiform appendix inflammation, 98–102 Vesicourethral reflux, 915 Vidarabine, 317 Vinblastine ovarian cancer, 683 testicular cancer, 882 Viral culture cytomegalovirus, 272 herpes simplex virus, 419 herpes zoster virus, 423 Viral hepatitis, 410–415, 411t Viral infection See also specific viruses meningeal, 605–609 nasopharyngeal, 899–902, 900t pulmonary, 740–743 respiratory, 518–520 Vision loss, 373 Visual examination pituitary adenoma, 729 sarcoidosis, 835 Vitamin B12, pernicious anemia, 722, 723 Vitamin D, 497 Vitamin K, 414, 575 Volvulus, 944–947 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 549 W Warfarin mitral insufficiency, 615 mitral stenosis, 619 polycythemia, 753 pulmonary hypertension, 798 Western blot, 587 Western equine encephalitis, 315 Whiff test, 933 Whipple procedure, 690 White blood cell count anorectal abscess, 82 anorexia nervosa, 86 aplastic anemia, 96 appendicitis, 100 bulimia nervosa, 163 cholecystitis, 224 mastitis, 599 FABK009-ind[951-980].qxd 11/7/06 10:48 AM Page 979 PMAC-291 PMAC-291:Books:DAMS/DART/ARCHIVE: Copyright © 2007 by F A Davis Index pelvic inflammatory disease, 707 peritonitis, 718 Withdrawal syndrome, alcohol, 40, 51–56, 52t Wound burn, 169–170 Clostridium botulinum contamination, 139–142 979 Clostridium tetani contamination, 883–887 gunshot, 388–393, 390t X Xanthoma, 448 X-ray See Radiography Z Zenker’s diverticulum, 337, 339 ... 0-8036-1337-7 Nursing? ??Handbooks, manuals, etc Nursing diagnosis—Handbooks, manuals, etc Therapeutics? ??Handbooks, manuals, etc I Johnson, Susan A II Beery, Theresa A III Title [DNLM: Nursing Care—methods—Handbooks... Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Abdominal Trauma Abortion, Spontaneous 11 Abruptio Placentae 15 Acid-Base Imbalances: Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis; Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis 19 Acquired Immunodeficiency... such as diversionary activities or massage, to manage pain as an adjunct to analgesia Emotional support of the patient and family is also a key nursing intervention Patients and their families are