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  • Table of Contents

  • Foreword

  • Preface

    • Audience

    • Organization

    • Software

    • Conventions Used in This Book

    • Using Code Examples

    • Safari® Books Online

    • How to Contact Us

    • Acknowledgments

      • Jim Van Meggelen

      • Leif Madsen

      • Jared Smith

  • Chapter 1. A Telephony Revolution

    • VoIP: Bridging the Gap Between Traditional and Network Telephony

      • The Zapata Telephony Project

    • Massive Change Requires Flexible Technology

    • Asterisk: The Hacker’s PBX

    • Asterisk: The Professional’s PBX

    • The Asterisk Community

      • The Asterisk Mailing Lists

      • The Asterisk Wiki

      • The IRC Channels

      • Asterisk User Groups

      • The Asterisk Documentation Project

    • The Business Case

    • This Book

  • Chapter 2. Preparing a System for Asterisk

    • Server Hardware Selection

      • Performance Issues

      • Choosing a Processor

        • Small systems

        • Medium systems

        • Large systems

      • Choosing a Motherboard

      • Power Supply Requirements

        • Computer power supplies

        • Redundant power supplies

    • Environment

      • Power Conditioning and Uninterruptible Power Supplies

        • Power-conditioned UPSes

      • Grounding

      • Electrical Circuits

      • The Equipment Room

        • Humidity

        • Temperature

        • Dust

        • Security

    • Telephony Hardware

      • Connecting to the PSTN

        • Analog interface cards

        • Digital interface cards

        • Channel banks

        • Other types of PSTN interfaces

      • Connecting Exclusively to a Packet-Based Telephone Network

      • Echo Cancellation

    • Types of Phones

      • Physical Telephones

        • Analog telephones

        • Proprietary digital telephones

        • ISDN telephones

        • IP telephones

      • Softphones

      • Telephony Adaptors

      • Communications Terminals

    • Linux Considerations

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 3. Installing Asterisk

    • What Packages Do I Need?

      • Linux Package Requirements

    • Obtaining the Source Code

      • Obtaining Asterisk Source Code

      • Extracting the Source Code

    • Menuselect

    • Compiling Zaptel

      • The ztdummy Driver

      • The Zapata Telephony Drivers

      • Using ztcfg and zttool

    • Compiling libpri

    • Compiling Asterisk

      • Standard Installation

      • Alternative make Arguments

        • make clean

        • make distclean

        • make update

        • make webvmail

        • make progdocs

        • make config

      • Using Precompiled Binaries

    • Installing Additional Prompts

    • Common Compiling Issues

      • Asterisk

        • configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

        • configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check

        • configure: error: *** termcap support not found

      • Zaptel

        • make: cc: Command not found

        • FATAL: Module wctdm/fxs/fxo not found

        • Unresolved symbol link when loading ztdummy

        • Depmod errors during compilation

    • Loading Asterisk and Zaptel Quickly

    • Loading Zaptel Modules Without Scripts

      • Systems Running udevd

      • Loading Zaptel

      • Loading ztdummy

    • Loading libpri Without Script

    • Starting Asterisk Without Scripts

      • Console Commands

    • Directories Used by Asterisk

      • /etc/asterisk/

      • /usr/lib/asterisk/modules/

      • /var/lib/asterisk

      • /var/spool/asterisk/

      • /var/run/

      • /var/log/asterisk/

      • /var/log/asterisk/cdr-csv

    • AsteriskNOW™

      • What Is AsteriskNOW?

      • Before You Begin

      • What You Will Need

      • Installation

        • Quick installation

        • Extended procedure

      • Accessing the GUI

      • Alternate Installations

      • For More Information

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 4. Initial Configuration of Asterisk

    • What Do I Really Need?

    • Working with Interface Configuration Files

    • Setting Up the Dialplan for Some Test Calls

    • FXO and FXS Channels

      • Determining the FXO and FXS Ports on Your TDM400P

    • Configuring an FXO Channel for a PSTN Connection

      • Zaptel Hardware Configuration

      • Zapata Hardware Configuration

      • Dialplan Configuration

      • Dialing In

    • Configuring an FXS Channel for an Analog Telephone

      • Zaptel Hardware Configuration

      • Zapata Hardware Configuration

      • Dialplan Configuration

    • Configuring SIP Telephones

      • Basic SIP Telephone Configuration in Asterisk

        • Defining the SIP device in Asterisk

      • Configuring the Device Itself

      • Essential Server Components

        • DHCP server

        • FTP server

      • CounterPath’s X-Lite Softphone

      • Polycom’s IP 430

        • DHCP server

        • Protocol to use for downloading

        • FTP

        • The Polycom configuration files

      • Cisco 7960 Telephone

      • Linksys SPA-942

        • Logging in to the phone

        • Registering your phone to Asterisk

      • Configuring the Dialplan for Testing

    • Connecting to a SIP Service Provider

    • Connecting Two Asterisk Boxes Together via SIP

      • Configuring Our Asterisk Boxes

      • SIP Phone Configuration

      • Configuring the Dialplan

    • Configuring an IAX Softphone

      • Configuring the Channel Configuration File (iax.conf)

      • Configure the Softphone

      • Configuring the Dialplan for Testing

    • Connecting to an IAX Service Provider

    • Connecting Two Asterisk Boxes Together via IAX

      • Configuring Our Asterisk Boxes

      • IAX Phone Configuration

      • Configuring the Dialplan

    • Using Templates in Your Configuration Files

    • Debugging

      • Connecting to the Console

      • Enabling Verbosity and Debugging

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 5. Dialplan Basics

    • Dialplan Syntax

      • Contexts

      • Extensions

      • Priorities

        • Unnumbered priorities

        • Priority labels

      • Applications

    • A Simple Dialplan

      • The s Extension

      • The Answer(), Playback(), and Hangup() Applications

      • Our First Dialplan

    • Building an Interactive Dialplan

      • The Background(), WaitExten(), and Goto() Applications

      • Handling Invalid Entries and Timeouts

      • Using the Dial() Application

      • Adding a Context for Internal Calls

      • Using Variables

        • Global variables

        • Channel variables

        • Environment variables

        • Adding variables to our dialplan

      • Pattern Matching

        • Pattern-matching syntax

        • Pattern-matching examples

        • Using the ${EXTEN} channel variable

      • Enabling Outbound Dialing

      • Includes

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 6. More Dialplan Concepts

    • Expressions and Variable Manipulation

      • Basic Expressions

      • Operators

    • Dialplan Functions

      • Syntax

      • Examples of Dialplan Functions

    • Conditional Branching

      • The GotoIf() Application

      • Time-Based Conditional Branching with GotoIfTime()

    • Voicemail

      • Creating Mailboxes

      • Adding Voicemail to the Dialplan

      • Accessing Voicemail

      • Creating a Dial-by-Name Directory

    • Macros

      • Defining Macros

      • Calling Macros from the Dialplan

      • Using Arguments in Macros

    • Using the Asterisk Database (AstDB)

      • Storing Data in the AstDB

      • Retrieving Data from the AstDB

      • Deleting Data from the AstDB

      • Using the AstDB in the Dialplan

    • Handy Asterisk Features

      • Zapateller()

      • Call Parking

      • Conferencing with MeetMe()

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 7. Understanding Telephony

    • Analog Telephony

      • Parts of an Analog Telephone

        • Ringer

        • Dial pad

        • Hybrid (or network)

      • Tip and Ring

    • Digital Telephony

      • Pulse-Code Modulation

        • Digitally encoding an analog waveform

        • Increasing the sampling resolution and rate

        • Nyquist’s Theorem

        • Logarithmic companding

        • Aliasing

    • The Digital Circuit-Switched Telephone Network

      • Circuit Types

        • The humble DS-0―the foundation of it all

        • T-carrier circuits

        • SONET and OC circuits

      • Digital Signaling Protocols

        • Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)

        • ISDN

        • Signaling System 7

    • Packet-Switched Networks

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 8. Protocols for VoIP

    • The Need for VoIP Protocols

    • VoIP Protocols

      • IAX (The “Inter-Asterisk eXchange” Protocol)

        • History

        • Future

        • Security considerations

        • IAX and NAT

      • SIP

        • History

        • Future

        • Security considerations

        • SIP and NAT

      • H.323

        • History

        • Future

        • Security considerations

        • H.323 and NAT

      • MGCP

      • Proprietary Protocols

        • Skinny/SCCP

        • UNISTIM

    • Codecs

      • G.711

      • G.726

      • G.729A

      • GSM

      • iLBC

      • Speex

      • MP3

    • Quality of Service

      • TCP, UDP, and SCTP

        • Transmission Control Protocol

        • User Datagram Protocol

        • Stream Control Transmission Protocol

      • Differentiated Service

      • Guaranteed Service

        • MPLS

        • RSVP

      • Best Effort

    • Echo

      • Why Echo Occurs

      • Managing Echo on Zaptel Channels

      • Hardware Echo Cancellation

    • Asterisk and VoIP

      • Users and Peers and Friends—Oh My!

        • Users

        • Peers

        • Friends

      • register Statements

    • VoIP Security

      • Spam over Internet Telephony (SPIT)

      • Encrypting Audio with Secure RTP

      • Spoofing

      • What Can Be Done?

        • Basic network security

        • Encryption

        • Physical security

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 9. The Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI)

    • Fundamentals of AGI Communication

      • What Are STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR?

      • The Standard Pattern of AGI Communication

      • Calling an AGI Script from the Dialplan

    • Writing AGI Scripts in Perl

      • The Perl AGI Library

    • Creating AGI Scripts in PHP

      • The PHP AGI Library

    • Writing AGI Scripts in Python

      • The Python AGI Library

    • Debugging in AGI

      • Debugging from the Operating System

      • Using Asterisk’s agi debug Command

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 10. Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI) and Adhearsion

    • The Manager Interface

      • Connecting to the Manager Interface

      • Sending Commands

        • Transferring a call

        • Reading a configuration file

        • Updating configuration files

    • The Flash Operator Panel

    • Asterisk Development with Adhearsion

      • A New Approach to Dialplans

      • Asterisk Development with Adhearsion

      • Installing Adhearsion

        • Installing Ruby/RubyGems on AsteriskNOW

        • Installing Ruby/RubyGems on Linux

        • Installing Ruby/RubyGems on Mac OS X

        • Ruby/RubyGems on Windows

        • Installing Adhearsion from RubyGems

      • Exploring a New Adhearsion Project

        • Adhearsion dialplan writing

        • Database integration

        • Distributing and reusing code

      • Integrate with Your Desk Phone Using Micromenus

      • Integrating with a Web Application

      • Using Java

      • More Information

  • Chapter 11. The Asterisk GUI Framework

    • Why a GUI for Asterisk?

    • What Is the GUI?

      • Mark Spencer Talks About the GUI

        • Using the GUI

        • GUI elements

    • Architecture of the Asterisk GUI

      • Components of the Asterisk GUI

        • Asterisk Manager Interface

        • Manager over HTTP and the Asterisk web server

        • AJAM and JavaScript

    • Installing the Asterisk GUI

      • Setting up httpd.conf and manager.conf

    • Developing for the Asterisk GUI

      • Issuing Manager Commands over HTTP

        • LOGIN

        • Transferring a call

        • Reading a configuration file

        • Updating configuration files using UPDATECONFIG

        • Error response

      • Ajax, AJAM, and Asterisk

        • Form processing in a traditional web application

        • Form processing in an Ajax application

        • The Prototype framework

      • Customization of the GUI

        • Adding a new tab to the GUI

        • Exposing configuration settings in the GUI

      • For More Information

  • Chapter 12. Relational Database Integration

    • Introduction

    • Installing the Database

    • Installing and Configuring ODBC

      • Configuring res_odbc for Access to Our Database

    • Using Realtime

      • Static Realtime

      • Dynamic Realtime

    • Storing Call Detail Records

    • Getting Funky with func_odbc: Hot-Desking

    • ODBC Voicemail

      • Creating the Large Object Type

      • Configuring voicemail.conf for ODBC Storage

      • Testing ODBC Voicemail

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 13. Managing Your Asterisk System

    • Call Detail Recording

    • Managing Logs

    • Running Asterisk As a Non-root User

    • Customizing System Prompts

    • Music on Hold

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 14. Potpourri

    • Festival

      • Getting Festival Set Up and Ready for Asterisk

      • Configuring Asterisk for Festival

      • Starting the Festival Server

      • Calling Festival from the Dialplan

    • Call Files

    • DUNDi

      • How Does DUNDi Work?

      • Configuring Asterisk for Use with DUNDi

        • The General Peering Agreement

        • General configuration

        • Creating mapping contexts

        • Defining DUNDi peers

        • Allowing remote connections

        • Configuring the dialplan

    • Alternative Voicemail Storage Methods

      • Storing Voicemail in an IMAP Server

      • Storing Voicemail in an ODBC Database

    • Asterisk and Jabber (XMPP)

    • Conclusion

  • Chapter 15. Asterisk: The Future of Telephony

    • The Problems with Traditional Telephony

      • Closed Thinking

      • Limited Standards Compliancy

      • Slow Release Cycles

      • Refusing to Let Go of the Past and Embrace the Future

    • Paradigm Shift

    • The Promise of Open Source Telephony

      • The Itch That Asterisk Scratches

      • Open Architecture

      • Standards Compliance

      • Lightning-Fast Response to New Technologies

      • Passionate Community

      • Some Things That Are Now Possible

        • Legacy PBX migration gateway

        • Low-barrier IVR

        • Conference rooms

        • Home automation

    • The Future of Asterisk

      • Speech Processing

        • Festival

        • Speech recognition

      • High-Fidelity Voice

      • Video

        • The challenge of video-conferencing

        • Why we love video-conferencing

        • Why video-conferencing may never totally replace voice

      • Wireless

        • Wi-Fi

        • Wi-MAX

      • Unified Messaging

      • Peering

        • E.164

        • ENUM

        • e164.org

        • DUNDi

      • Challenges

        • Too much change, too few standards

        • VoIP spam

        • Fear, uncertainty, and doubt

        • Bottleneck engineering

        • Regulatory wars

        • Quality of service

        • Complexity

      • Opportunities

        • Tailor-made private telecommunications networks

        • Low barrier to entry

        • Hosted solutions of similar complexity to corporate web sites

        • Proper integration of communications technologies

  • Appendix A. VoIP Channels

    • IAX

      • General IAX Settings

      • Registering to Other Servers with register Statements

      • IAX Channel Definitions

        • Channel-specific parameters

    • SIP

      • General SIP Parameters

      • SIP Channel Definitions

  • Appendix B. Application Reference

  • Appendix C. AGI Reference

  • Appendix D. Configuration Files

    • modules.conf

    • adsi.conf

    • adtranvofr.conf

    • agents.conf

    • alarmreceiver.conf

    • alsa.conf

    • amd.conf

    • asterisk.conf

    • cdr.conf

    • cdr_manager.conf

    • cdr_odbc.conf

    • cdr_pgsql.conf

    • cdr_tds.conf

    • codecs.conf

    • dnsmgr.conf

    • dundi.conf

    • enum.conf

    • extconfig.conf

    • extensions.conf

    • extensions.ael

    • features.conf

    • festival.conf

    • followme.conf

    • func_odbc.conf

    • gtalk.conf

    • http.conf

    • iax.conf

    • iaxprov.conf

    • indications.conf

    • jabber.conf

    • logger.conf

      • [general]

      • [logfiles]

    • manager.conf

    • meetme.conf

    • mgcp.conf

    • modem.conf

    • musiconhold.conf

    • osp.conf

    • oss.conf

    • phone.conf

    • privacy.conf

    • queues.conf

    • res_odbc.conf

    • res_snmp.conf

    • rpt.conf

    • rtp.conf

    • say.conf

    • sip.conf

    • sip_notify.conf

    • skinny.conf

    • sla.conf

    • smdi.conf

    • udptl.conf

    • users.conf

    • voicemail.conf

      • General Voicemail Settings

      • Voicemail Zones

      • Defining Voicemail Contexts and Mailboxes

    • vpb.conf

    • zapata.conf

    • zaptel.conf

  • Appendix E. Asterisk Dialplan Functions

  • Appendix F. Asterisk Manager Interface Actions

  • Appendix G. An Example of func_odbc

  • Index

Nội dung

[...]... lists.digium.com, these four are currently the most important: Asterisk- Biz Anything commercial with respect to Asterisk belongs in this list If you’re selling something Asterisk- related, sell it here If you want to buy an Asterisk service or product, post here Asterisk- Dev The Asterisk developers hang out here The purpose of this list is the discussion of the development of the software that is Asterisk, ... odds with each other, in the Asterisk community they delight in each others’ skills The significance of this cooperation cannot be underestimated Still, if the dream of Asterisk is to be realized, the community must grow—yet one of the key challenges that the community currently faces is a rapid influx of new users The members of the existing community, having birthed this thing called Asterisk, are... Mark Spencer of Digium, is keenly aware of the cultural significance of Asterisk, and is giddy about the future One of the more powerful side effects caused by the energy of the Asterisk community is the cooperation it has spawned among the telecommunications professionals, networking professionals, and information technology professionals who share a love for this phenomenon While these professions have... subjects, just one of which is Asterisk Since Asterisk documentation forms by far the bulk of the information on this web site,‡ and it probably contains more Asterisk knowledge than all other sources put together (with the exception of the mailing-list archives), it is commonly referred to as the place to go for Asterisk knowledge The Asterisk Community | 7 The IRC Channels The Asterisk community... in “dead-tree” format —basically a book that a new user could pick up and learn the basics of Asterisk About that same time, the number of new users on the Asterisk mailing lists and in the IRC channels grew tremendously, and we felt that writing an Asterisk book would greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio The Asterisk Documentation Project was born! The rest, they say, is history Since then, we’ve... many other open source projects, such as Linux and the Internet, the development of Asterisk was fueled by the dreams of folks who knew that there had to be something more than what the industry was producing The strength of the community is that it is composed not of employees assigned to specific tasks, but rather of folks from all sorts of industries, with all sorts of experiences, and all sorts of. .. Documentation lowers the barrier to entry and helps people contemplate the possibilities Produced with the generous support of O’Reilly Media, Asterisk: The Future of Telephony was inspired by the work started by the Asterisk Documentation Project We have come a long way, and this book is the realization of a desire to deliver documentation that introduces the most fundamental elements of Asterisk the things... product; Asterisk has scores Most proprietary PBXes have a worldwide support team comprised of a few dozen real experts; Asterisk has hundreds The depth and breadth of the expertise that surrounds this product is unmatched in the telecom industry Asterisk enjoys the loving attention of old Telco guys who # From the release of Asterisk 1.2 to Asterisk 1.4, there have been over 4,000 updates to the code in the. .. irc.freenode.net The two most active channels are #asterisk and #asterisk- dev.§ To cut down on spam-bot intrusions, both of these channels now require registration to join.‖ Asterisk User Groups In many cites around the world, lonely Asterisk users began to realize that there were other like-minded people in their towns Asterisk User Groups (AUGs) began to spring up all over the place While these groups... revolution since before the crash; time will tell how well they respond to the open source revolution Asterisk: The Hacker’s PBX | 5 • End users are fed up with incompatible, limited functionality, and horrible support Asterisk solves the first two problems; entepreneurs and the community are addressing the latter The Asterisk Community One of the compelling strengths of Asterisk is the passionate community . information con- tained herein. TM This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. ISBN-10: 0-5 9 6-5 104 8-9 ISBN-13: 97 8-0 -5 9 6-5 104 8-0 [M] This. Inc. Asterisk : The Future of Telephony, the image of starfish, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Asterisk is a trademark of

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