Tài liệu Physics in a New Era An Overview doc

[...]... university physics departments and national laboratories It is an international society that physics and physics education must reach in this new era The problems that physics can address are global problems, and physics itself is becoming a more international enterprise New modes of international cooperation must be created to plan and operate the large facilities that are increasingly important for... underlying physics and an array of industrial and practical challenges Will a deeper understanding of quantum effects like the Bose-Einstein condensate lead, for example, to a new generation of superfast quantum computers? At the human scale, the physical world offers up new phenomena Vortices shape the turbulence and smooth flow of both air around airplane wings and high-temperature plasmas in fusion reactors... manipulate individual atoms and molecules will lead to new quantum technologies with applications ranging from the development of new materials to the analysis of the human genome This ability allows the direct engineering of quantum probabilities, producing novel phenomena such as the presence of many atoms in the same quantum mechanical state with a high probability of spatial overlap and entanglement Quantum... one area dominates the whole, as astronomers, optical physicists, and string theorists all grapple with a vast new array of unfamiliar objects to study and an altered landscape of collaboration, along with shared instruments and techniques Among the new collaborations is that between physics and biotechnology It is as evident as the daily headlines that biotechnology has altered both the medical and... and International Collaboration While planning and priority setting are important for all of physics, they are especially critical when large facilities and EXECUTIVE SUMMARY collaborations are necessary To plan successfully, the community of physicists in the United States and abroad must develop a broadly shared vision and communicate this vision clearly and persuasively Planning and implementation... for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 9 Part I Physics Frontiers 1 Quantum Manipulation and New Materials New Tools for Observation in the Quantum Regime Manipulating Atoms and Electrons New Materials Artificial Nanoscale Structures Quantum Information and the Engineering of Entangled States 19... Theoretical advances and large-scale computer modeling will enable phenomena as complicated as the explosive death of stars and the properties of complex materials to be understood at a depth unavailable only a few years ago The rapid advances of massively parallel computing, coupled with equally impressive developments in theoretical analysis, have generated an extraordinary growth in our ability to... federal government and the scientific community; physics education; the role of basic physics research in national security; the increasingly important role of partnerships among universities, industry, and national laboratories; the stewardship of federal science agencies; and the rapidly changing role of information technology in physics research and education 5 6 PHYSICS IN A NEW ERA Recommendation... to play an important role in examining the dynamics of stocks, bonds, options, and hedge funds Physics is large in the vast national laboratories of Los Alamos, Oak Ridge, Fermilab, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), and Brookhaven Physics is small in the start-up optics company or in the bench-top experiments that are reconfiguring the study of new materials, optical phenomena, biophysics,... prominently among them.1 1Harold Varmus, plenary talk at the centennial meeting of the American Physical Society, Atlanta, Ga., March 22, 1999 INTRODUCTION Modeling, imaging, miniaturizing, and controlling complex systems: These are the themes that draw together “pure” and “applied” physics in an ever-tightening weave In national defense, many of these same themes recur In the absence of nuclear testing, . Manipulation and New Materials 19 New Tools for Observation in the Quantum Regime 20 Manipulating Atoms and Electrons 22 New Materials 28 Artificial Nanoscale. (retired), Venkatesh Narayanamurti, Harvard University, V. Adrian Parsegian, National Institutes of Health, Julia Phillips, Sandia National Laboratories, Judith