Tài liệu Dimensions of Expertise docx

[...]... kind 2 Dimensions of Expertise of expertise, one of the central arguments of this book is that there is often an intimate relationship between the two and that they cannot really be understood except in terms of each other Thus, the kinds of mastery involved in subject expertise involve practical knowledge, while most kinds of practical expertise involve some, and sometimes a considerable degree of, propositional... the professional association of architects), the occupation (e.g the historically evolved system of training, licensure, body of knowledge and skill associated with the design of buildings) in a particular country, and the practice (form of life) of architecture, that embraces the evolution of those activities characterized The Two Faces of Expertise 13 by the telos of architecture (the design of buildings),... propositions Throughout much of this book, when the application of knowledge to practice is being discussed, it will, in the main, be the application of knowledge in the sense of Wissen rather than Kenntnis that will be discussed The Other Face of Expertise: Practical Knowledge The main theme of this book is the concept of practical expertise There is a tendency to think of practical expertise as something... Phenix with his ‘Realms of Meaning’.8 The basic idea of a form of knowledge (I will use Hirst’s term) is that it is not merely a collection of facts but a historically evolved and conceptually organized way of acquiring, testing and transmitting knowledge To avoid confusion, I will use the term ‘subject’ to talk of 8 Dimensions of Expertise groupings of organized knowledge of this kind, while bearing... possession either of large amounts of propositional knowledge nor with excellence in the carrying out of central occupational tasks 16 Dimensions of Expertise For occupational expertise the important questions to be considered include the following: 1 The degree of autonomy of the practitioner in planning, controlling, co-ordinating and evaluating occupational work 2 The permeability of occupational... how ability, in the sense of knowing how, is a central ingredient of the grasp of a subject like History, or indeed of many others However, we have not gone far enough either in characterizing what we mean by subject knowledge nor what we mean by subject expertise A’s good grasp of French History described above might be expected of an able upper secondary school student Of a professional historian we... forms of life the characteristic of possession of internal goods that MacIntyre attributes to practices MacIntyre has already acknowledged this to be the case for subjects, but the same can be said for professions, occupations and institutions Thus, medicine has its own telos in terms of the achievement of health, bakery in terms of the production of breads and pastries, and a national army in terms of. .. notion of expertise and both manifest themselves in diverse institutional forms But it will be argued in Chapter 10 that the bearing of subjects on occupations has a wider significance than this in terms of individual and civic development The Two Faces of Expertise 15 within the context of occupational engagement The question of the relationship between subjects and occupations is not then merely one of. .. of and developing a tradition of activity, in relation to both kinds of internal good Initiation into a practice is, to a large degree, initiation into established ways of working and established criteria of excellence These may evolve, but do so usually in the context of respect The Two Faces of Expertise 11 for and adaptation to traditional ways of working and criteria of excellence 3 Each individual... The Two Faces of Expertise 17 respectively Chapter 8 critically examines the contention that there can be theories of expertise, paying particular attention to ‘fluency’ theories which suggest that expertise is a matter of, in some sense, the fluent performance of the relevant actions associated with an activity Such theories are criticized for giving an inadequate account of the role of theory in much . with the practical kind 2 Dimensions of Expertise of expertise, one of the central arguments of this book is that there is often an intimate relationship. can be said about expertise. One of my aims has been to chart the various dimensions of expertise that might need to be taken account of in trying to provide