TOEFL iBT with CD room fourth edition

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TOEFL iBT

WITH CD-ROM FOURTH EDITION

PROVEN, PRACTICAL TOOLS TO HELP SCORE HIGHER

4 full-length practice tests on CD-ROM

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TOEFL iBT

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Other Kaplan titles related to English: Inside he TOEEL BT, Second Eon

an English though Ces Literature: The Short Stores nd Estas of Mark Twin, Second Edition Learn English through ClasicLiteratare: American Tees of Horr and the Supernatral

“TOEFL, Vocabulary Quiz Book TOEFL Idioms Quis Book

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Allzghs reserved The textof this plication, oF any part thereof, may aot be seproduced In any manner whatsoever wihoot writen permission ro the pblshr, Printed inthe United States of America

A987654321 ISBN 15:978-1-8195.5027-0

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Kaplan Aspect English Programs

Executive Editor Michael Lachuk Developmental Editor Bevery Bure

— “Emily Hedon (Reading and Wei) ve Higby Lisening aod Speaking) Contributing Eto: Elizabeth Donohue, Hal Medrano Donald Van Metre Executive Dieeo,, Product Derelopment: Kathy Chacon

DizecosProdct Development Gordan Leis

Managing Editor: Melis akin

‘with sp hans to Andrea Detoyos for asitance wth projec managereot oemor information about Ksplan English Programs for aternatonal students professional vst us at warckaplanaspectcom ‘ail usat world@kaplancom

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Kaplan Aspect English Programs Offer You More

Whether tis your goa to accelerate your carer progression, secure a valued university placement ov simply teal the world it «Kaplan Agpect course you wilgan the Eglsh lgugeskilsand academic approach you need to succeed

Kaplan Aspect isthe unique resol of combing two prestigious edvcationa groups 10 provide you wih the Best study courses inthe best locations worldwide As the word leader In test preparation, Kaplan has been helping stents acieve academic and peofsslonal success for over 70 jer Aspect has over 40 years of experience in providing fist-lass international education Now, Kaplan Aspect brings tbese educational stengihs together to offer you an anparaleled choice and consistently high standards of teaching and student ire

Kaplan aspect courses range fom General and ntensve Bglsh fo specifi instruction forthe TOEFL, JETS, and Cambridge Exams Courses so include English for Business, Private Totorng, SAT Preparation, University Preparation at both the underradiate and postgradate lvl inclading GMAT, GRE, nd Foundation programs: Busines an Retail

‘yar programs: and Teacher Teaning Wi 36 acredited school athe UK, bland USA, ‘Canada, Australia and New Zealand Kaplan Aspect is sre to meet your neds along with programs starting eery week of the yer, Working with expert techers in the cheuoom and interactive program in our schools, yoo will make sap progess in listening, speaking cading and weting shila wells ‘rononlation, vocabulary and grammar to achiev your language goals

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‘Speaking Task 3: Reading and Conversation Integrated Se ‘ se negate coe

General Wing Sieatepie independent and iterated 305

Waiting Tak 2-Independen Esoy vã

— r.vrv

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TOEFL iBT |

Introduction

THE DESIGN OF THIS BOOK

This introduction provides an explanation ofthe organization of thisbook, some genera Information sbost TOEFL iBT, and details about the dierent sections ofthe tet order to get the most benefit fom this book, ist ea his Introduction "hough the four sections ofthe book in which you wil leara and practice che ii and thorough, The, work

statis hat wil help yo to seceed on test da

This Bookhas four sections: Reading, isenng, Spesking, and Writing The four sections are inthesamecorder asthe tions of th ctal TOEFL Each ection of the book demonstrates step-by-step satis TOEFL The strategies foreach question an task ype are alo followed wi examples foal he posible question rypesand ask types the by practise exercises, so you can use the specific eatepes fo each question o ask The Answer Key conan the answer or mallple-choice questions and sample answers or Speaking and Weng tas

The Reading and Listening sections ofthis book ince strates for ll nltpe-cholce "weston types fr TOEFL BT eis impossible to predict he exit order of mpl chive ‘uestons onthe actual test because ther slecion and order varies depending othe te Therefore in thisbook the Readig and Listening question types are ordered oily 0 tat the ils and strategies for thecal quenion tfpe con bese in ater onc The strategies foreach question type build an the ides discussed earie,s0 you can review andseinfrce your knowledges ow sty ily the disusion ofeach question type inches strategies for choosing the corect answer as well strategies or eliminating incorrect answers or Aisrates,

The Spesking and Wetg sections ofthis hook also evow al the tak types For the TOEEL UBT These task types are discussed TOEFL iBT: As often as posi, the satis forthe Speaking and Wing asks als refer in the sme order in which they appear om the asta] buck and review the concepts andl principles explained inthe eal sections,

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fon the actual est the topics inthis book are mixed, meaning tha they ave not grouped ‘ccrding to field or category However the selection of topics inthis book doesnot indicate ‘orimply he order or choice of topics for any ctu TOEFL tet, Thetpicsin this boak were ‘hose to repesent the academic kvl of those onthe TOEFL iT, and they ae also meant to provide variety ad fterest to your learning experience

If you folio the step and explanations fn thisbook,you wil sin nore than just fate about the TOEFL After studying tis book, you wil know wbat question types to expect on the tet how to deny the covect answer, and how to avoid dsraters inthe mtpe-choice {qvestions The explanations and examples are designed te help yo improve your sls for ‘he TOEFL iBT: The reason fortis focus isthe unique nature of TOEFL iBT To sucteed on

thistet, you must be abl ead sen, speak and wet peoiinty in English

Many ofthe practice excises in this book equi lstening passages and ectures, which are contained on CD-ROM 1 and 2 n this book, + headphone smb! fi nicstes when ‘you must sen toa recording, and an instruction indicates the CD and ack numbers, sch ‘the lowing "Play CD XX, Tack XX forthe fellowing lecture Questions XX to XX for ‘hislecture are Tracks XX to RX on thesame CD"

When you are ly practice he sil and strategies you learn from this book, use the four alleges prac testson The Practice Tests CD-ROM, which accompanies this book ‘And member to fr the tutorial on the CD-ROM to review some ofthe information in this introdation and to learn shout the fntionslity special estes, ở passage snd ‘question presentation on thee

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TEST OVERVIEW

‘TOEFL iBT: A Communicative Academic English Language Skills Test The Test of English as Foreign Languige (TOEFL) isa standrdized test designed ta measure the ability to understand and t use English ait suse in a North American academic sting, such as a university Standandived ests ae widely used in the United Slates fr eolege and graduate school adisions and professional leeming.The TOBFL isprodaced and aministerd by the Educitinal Testing Service (ETS) a private, ao-fr rot company based in Princeton New sy

Sefre 1998 the TOEFL was based on a model of langue testing known a discrete point testing A disretepoin language est measures one iaated aspect of language knowledge and mikes projections from ths measiement about langage proficiency Fo example, on tater versions ofthe tesa et takers performance on questions tha tested the meaning of ‘ocabulary words wa sonsiered so be predictive ofthe test faker’ reading comprehension Skills A test taker’ performance on questions that tested the rules of English sentence Strature was considered 1 be peeditive of he test ake’ writing abies, Ove ie, some people questioned how well discrete point langoage testing actually predicted test taker tities hough Some test takers might perform well on the sentence stuctue questions and yetnot be able to writes ols, coherent sayin English, Some est akers might perform ‘nell on the test genevll and yet not beable to speak English well ETS decided to change the TOEHL,

The TOEFL computer-based tet (CHT), which was launched in 1998, maintained some Liscrete-point testing, but i included direct sil testing 38 well, A test take’ reading ‘comprehension sis were measured on the TOEFL CBT not only by his or he knowedge ‘ofthe meaning of vocabulary words, but by the ably to afer the meaning ofa word from the conte ofa reading pssige ent the min dea ofthe pasegs make inferences about ‘he author's meaning, and so on—alleading skills that any good reader must use A test take’ wring sl were metsured on the TOEFL CBT not eal by is or ber knowledge of the ules of English sentence structure but bythe abit to apply those rules aswell sues of dsourse organization ocabulry usage and soon, in writing an actual es

The TORE Internet-based tet (BT), bunched in 2005, includes no disrete-point testing TOEFL 1BT is diect metre ofthe test taker’ communicative aie in all for base skille—reading, listening speaking, andl writing, The change has made some test takers hervous, particularly those who have leeaed about Eaglish but have not had auch ‘opportunity to use English to commons, Perhaps you ae among this group! Whether you ae neous about aking TOEEL iBT or nt, his book will help you prepare forthe TOEFL by fairing you with the test and by hang you Tocus.on the speci skils and strategies you will nee o succeed onthe est For al test takers itis important o keep in ‘mind tht recent changes to the TOEFL are ltimstely o your benefit Ii possible hat ou ‘may now need to work abit harder o get ready for TOEFL iBT but you wl then be better prepared forthe TOEFL and beter prepued for you ulate goal—aeademic tay in an Englh-speakiagenvizonment

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TOEFL IBT Highlights

1, TOE iBT measures resepive and expresive «he testis based on eeading and Hstenng abities—on how well you recive and sil ely Half the tot score on understand English Ha the total score based on speaking and writing bie ‘om how well ou express youre using English This book wll help yu develop Your receive and your expressive sil forthe test,

TOEFL iBT mesures integrated ski Inte Speaking nd Wing sections of the test there are several questions in which yous mut read andr listen, then speak or vite based on what you read and hear, This book will show you examples ofthe integrated sil questions and teach yo howe to prepare for ther

TOERL 8 contains no Sirectare section, As already mentioned, TOEHL includes no dscrete-point testing Your knowledge othe grammar of English is ressued within the eile sections of the test Foe expe, you must corel ply rules of Fnglish grammar when speaking on the tes

4 TOEFL iBT uses more authentic lnguoge inthe ceading and ltening passages For example in the Listening scion, pears ina conversation may interapt eich ‘othe, st ae two people natraiy da when engaged in conversion, Al the reading tnd listening passages inthis Book are modeled on the TOEFL iBT paseages, <0 you wl learn what 10 expect on the acto es

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lnweduelonl TOEFL IBT Sections “TOEEL BT has our sections Redng — | S09 | Redl-Spssgs

rminaes | mayer 12 14 questions on each paeage tisenng | 0-80 Listen © 2-3 conventions

minutes | answer 5 quesions on each comersston Listen to 4-8 lecures, 2 of which nude siden comments,

‘Anse 6 queso on eae lace Medsoy | 10 minutes

reat

Speding | 20minutes | Speak about amar experience Gindependert as)

Sure reacing neo ting possage LÍ negawd cs)

wing sominutes | 1 irteyted task: wit an esa based on a eadeg end a stern posoge (20 cuts) 1 independent prompt only (30 mines) ak wie an esay based on 2

“The times liste do not nshide the time needed 19 read aa listen to sedion destons “Thetis lied forthe Listeningand {O-msinoteBreakafter the Listening ein, Speaking sections are lose approximations There isa

TOEFL IBT Scores,

sch ofthe four sections of TOEFL iBT isacored ona scale of D100 The four section scores tue hen added tether fr atotl et score of 019 130

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A multiple-choice question with only one correct answer i worth one point As yo wil Tear a this Book, several questions in these two sections are other variations of multple- hole Multiple-choice questions that are worth ore than one point alway cent inte their value which can be between? and Reading section, ragen-Drop Summary and Table Completion insole partial Scoring 4 points, Moreover, two question types i the patil soning, ou cn receives portion of the oa pint ale i some, but natal your

‘nDrop Summary Question (3 correct angers

2 points 2 corte answers= 1 pint

ag t-D1op Table Comat on (5 or 7 comect ans S cortec answers = 3 pints j1 points mm correct answer mm

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TEST SECTIONS Reading

Section Functionality Reading ie the fst ection of TOEFL iBT In this section, reading patsgessppent on the and Special Features Fight sid ofthe divided computer seen, nd questions appear onthe let sid, Hesse pssages are long, tis necessary to scrll up and down trend an ete pasage You can ferll up and dowa by using the rows and tab nex tothe pasge This ngon i sie tothe scroll option tha comes with Microvaft Word

When the Reading section begins, gow wil see the instructions right aways nt the frst weston You should have already studied the functionality af the Reading ston, 0 You Should ship the instructions by dcking the Next button This button brings up the fst reading passage The fst quevion for + passage appears with the pssage Inthe Reading Section, you can move forward though questions by clicking the Next bution atthe top of the seren, and move bac t previous questions by clicking the Back botton a the top of the screen,

The TOE iT Reading setion ince 3 Review funtion, Clicking the Review baton t the top ofthe screen takes you ta Review screen where you can see all the questions in the section and ther aatus—answered no nwered ot yl em

The Reading section aso asa Glossary feature A word highlighted indicates tht definition is avaiable forthe word Clicking on the word brings up in blve in a passage this đeÑnhien

A Help buton inal sections takes you ta fist of topes for which hell explanations areavalable,

Use The Practice Tests CD-ROM to get a beter understanding of how the passages and ‘questions appear on the sree inthe Reading section ofthe test and of how the special features work,

Reading Passages

This section measures the ability to read, understand, and analyze short passages simian topic and style to those that Noth American cllege and university students encounter in thế courses It contains thre to five eading passages

ach pasage is roughly 675 to 725 words in length, Passages generally follow the typical American English organizational structore—a one paragraph inttodoton, which inches, a thesis statement, body patagraphs tat develop the mos important points s expressed io

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To iêr

‘the thesis statement, anda one-paragraph conclusion tha summarizes, Some passages may ‘ary from tis structure, fr example by containing an introduction that spread oer more ‘than one paragraph,

Reading Questions

“There ate 10 diferent types of TOEFL iBT Reading section questions, The canbe divided notre enerleategores according to what each testing) understanding anguage ‘se (2) bse comprehension, and (3) the ability to read tolearn,

‘Language use questions test understanding of how language isused to express meanings and ‘ot how to determine these meuning while reading For example, one pe of langusge se

‘question tests understanding ofthe meaning ofa word sic comprehension questions test ‘enderstanding of deals presented in a passe, enetl understanding ofthe main ea of ‘passage andthe ability to make inferences based on information ina pase Reading o> learn questions test the ably taualre and sytesie inforaton ‘wows, they test the abit ear while reading, For example, one ofthese questions tests while reading in other ‘the bility fo summarize the most important points ofa reading passage

‘Following isan overview ofthe question types you wil find inthe Reading section of TOEFL, iWI The number ofeach question type per pase isa ange since the exact number of ach fon the actal test may vary: Also emember thatthe numberof reading pass ean ary fom thre to ve pr test

\ocabulay: 305 per posage iy come et for | RearentO 0 2 per pares ach passage, an they contute cbt

hott too! Reading sexton questions, | tere sructe: Paghting 01a 1 per passage 0162 per passage Coherenee:Dto 1 per passage

asc Comprehension: `

These questions conse roughly atid | NOT/EXCEPT (egtve fc): ofthe tal Readeg secon qustons | Oto2 per pasge Inference: to 2 per passage

Reading to tea: (rag top table comeieten:

These questions the set fora passe general alla the end of | 010 1P PE 88 Drager dhop suena: O19 1 per passage

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Whenever a question ress to a specific word or sentence in the passug, the word or sentence i highlighted You do not need fo search frit Also, many deal questions on TOFFL iBT idensfy the particular paragraph in which te answer canbe found, so you do ot need to scan the pastage ia onde a find he vlevant information inthe passage for & ‘eta queslon

All Reading section questions are four-option multiple-choice, with the exception of dng: ‘drop table competion and dragen-drop summary As the names suggest, you mut ng {newer choices with your mouse nd drop tens int the appeopate place nacht These ‘wo question typesare als diferent fom theaters becuse they are each worth more than fone pont ach question can be worth ? or 4 points A note appears with thee questions telling you thee poat value

Use The Practice Tess CD-ROM to get a better understanding of how the questions appear to the sre inthe Reading seston af the est

Ustening,

‘Section Functionality and Special Features

Seglning in the Listening ection and continuing trough tothe Weng ection, you wear headphones tht havea speci mictophone for speaking, You hve the portumft to set the vlume before the test esumes fer the section begin, Vlusne bution atthe top of ‘he screen ca be wed ta change the vole a9 ine

You use the Next button atthe top ofthe Sees 19 move dough che Listening section On ‘hoosing an answer for agesion, you mst lick Nexto prosed othe next question, and you also must confirm each answer chose as your Final answer, Before you inaliv your answer, you can change your sleton, bt ance you contrm your ane, the next question bogins right vey 1s nt possible to return to ny question in the Listening secon ‘hile conversations and lectures ply photos of people in academic settings appeat on the screen These photos ae sometimes bepfu in providing very limited context tothe convertion or lecture, For example, the photo fora conversation between astodent and 3 liearan may shave two people ina Worry with one of them-—the librarian seated behind a releence desk, This offers sal cue 19 the location of the conversion However, the [photos do not offer any dete information that i directly relevant 9 answering the ‘esos Therefore, donot study the photos fous on listeninginstead,

Alera converstion o lecture has finished, questions appear on the screen ane at time Each question is spoken bya narrator a i appears on the sceen, though answer choices are wot A fe Listening seston question sypes regi listening again fo an except fom the convertion or lecture In these case, the naretor mentions that you must sen to an sexcepand sgn appear on the screen asthe excerpt plays

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‘A Help burton in all sections aks you to alist of topics for which hlpolexplagations are avalible, However with he belp ofthis book, you shouldbe fila enough with he test thatyou wort nest use the Help fonction,

‘Use CD-ROMs 1 and 240 geta better andrstanding of how the conversations and lectures plo

Listening Passages

The Listening section ofthe TOEFL measures the ability towndestand Engh itisspoen Ta Nenh Aneican academic seings The seton contains:

+ ‘Two converstins between two people cach fllawedby ive questions

+ Twolectures with student comments and questions each llowedby sx questions + Twostsigt lectures each followed by sx questions

The conversations ace generalybeween a student ands professor or other university staf rember, uch 3b Hbrarian, counselor adminsteative asistant in a univer oi, and so am, The conversion are often of problem/resoution typ, where the stident needs sistance Hom the ather person and must expla his or her neds in an attempt to aba the desired aesstance and the other person atte a asst he stadent The conversions average two and half minutes or re

The lectures are on a range of topics, covering histor, art busines scence and social science, The lectures donot asume specialized knowledge tn any Held, no do they atu ete knowledge of United States cltore, government, history and basi, inrodactory-leve understanding of varie of fields wll ake the lectures (and 40 on, However, 4 reading) much eae oflow Lactres average furtive mites

Markers of authentic speech such s pauses, digression, interruptions hodedions se stars (eg, °m ot +1 don’ ally know the answer o that question”) coi ba a clue what you mean") and colloquia language ("The cents were Sort ion (eT

of sorprsed by theresul"}—are evident ia bath the coaversationsand etues,

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Language Use hetoria function (speaker toitener)3 10 pe test,

asic Comprehension Main ides questions (lectures oni 4 pr test Panposeguetns: 33 per test

etal questions 121018 pe test inference questions:3 05 pertest Listening to Learn

Content lationship questions (lectures only? per test,

For most of the language ase question, you will hese an excerpt—that i, a repeated portion—from the conversation of lecture The excerpt coats 4 word, cxpresson, oF omen thats the focus ofthe question Ofte, the proper interpretation of the excerpt ‘lepende on the intonation and exact word choice of the apeaker Therefore you shook listen carefully to these excerpts and you should ls think back to te broader context of the conversation oc lecture as you hee the excerpt The strategies in this ook wil make that sfeaer once ou review ther ter

All Listening section guestons are four-option multiple-choice, with the exception of ‘content relationship questions, This question resent se options nthe frst format yo mast chook type comes in two Formats, both of wich he hve correct answers rom the Five choices nthe second format, you must click Ves or No foreach of the Fie options In Matin, one os two of the detail questions om lectures may ash you to choose two creect

answers out of four options

Jee The Paste Test CD-ROM fo gta better understanding of how the questions appear lon theseren inthe Listening section of the est

Speaking

Section Functionality and Special Features

The fist thing you mat do in the Speaking section ft ais the microphone on your headset At the beginning of the section, an instruction will apps, aking you to ive @ shor sample of your spech in order to adjst the resrding equipment o your wae The "weston may ask you to speck for only 30 seconde about a familie topic such a your bhometown This preliminary exercise des not count towards your mark eis ony used ta ensure that the copter can record the wliome of your wie aecurately This aestment +

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one automatically 2 you respond: the question that appears on he screen An instruction will appear inform you when the austment is compete Theve aes irestons and the task question, The First two Speaking sks are independent, meaning tasks inthe Speaking section, In ech case, you iste to and read both the that you speak about fail topics without listening oor reading any extra material YOu have 4S seconds to gve each independent response, The eemaining for Speaking tas are integrated, meaning that you mst isten to andor read material bsfre vou speak two of the tks include reading passages anda conversation o lecture, and two others incu a

conversation or lecture ony You have 6 sein for each integrated tk

The timing throughout sections, 700 do not choose when you hive fnihed one question and are ready to mone eis section i preset, That uni inthe Reading and Listening to the net Instead, you havea given amount of time to listen tothe tsk, prepare your response ad respond before the nest tas bins

While conversations and etures tht ae part of asks ply photos of people in academic seaings appear onthe seen These photos provide minimal context te conversation fr lecture They do not oer any information that is cvecty relevant ro sneering the ‘A Help buton i all sections aks you toa ist of topics for which help explanations are ‘ailble However, you wor need the Help fancton very often afer you have reviewed

‘ich section this book

Use The Practice Tests CD-ROM to get bette understanding of how the reading possoges, conversion, lectures, andquistlons appear onthe acren nd pty nthe Speaking scion ofthe test aswell as of how the speci tures work,

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Introduction) 1

Following it an overview of the six takin the Speaking ection,

Independese Tsk 1 Deseipton 1S seconds to prepare ‘Speak about a fama topic 25 seconds peak

Independent Tsk 2: Oprion 1S seconds to prepare gress and suppor.an cision based on | 45 seconds to speak foil exponen

Iregteed To 3:Resdrg & Contergton | 45 seconds to ed he announcement Roadan amouncoment (of 100 werds | 30 secnds to propre

rls) abot univer e ope ten

{Socom Cheon rein | S0ssends seek

length an he same tpi then spond {question by smmarng wht you hove feagand hee

Irtepted Task 4: Readeg and eae | 30 seconds wo prepare Read an academic pasage (of 100t0 | 60 seconds 128 wards), ten ta etre (abot 1 peak

ope anda half minute engh ơn thề same tpi then respond oa cueston by ‘Sunmarng and synesang lormaton

fom both pssges

Integrate sk 5: Conversation 20 seconds repre Lison toa conorsaon 2h two minutes length) bebe (about one and | 60 seconds t peak

two students dscussig a rebem and ‘he pastansosolubens, the espond to 1 ueston by mmarang esd and by exvesang a support 30 wht you hove ‘prion 8 suderfs eosee

—" 20 seconds to repre

Lien to alecure (about one and shat | 60 seconds 1 to minzesin ent) onan academic t speak topic then respond wa guesion by

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Waiting

‘Section Functionality ang Special Features

There ae two iss inthe Weitng section, The ist Writing tsk i integrated it nwoles Ttening to» ecu, 20 you should keep your headphones on until you begin writing yur sy forthe est ash While etre that spurt the st task pasa photo ofa peoesor Sppearson the screen, This photo provides itl or na content tothe ect Ht doesnot ‘offer any information that is ect relevant othe esa that you must wt As always, You should focus onthe etre You ust then ead pasa and write a surmmry of bot Prssges, Since the headphones block out distractions, many sudents could bent rom vveaving the headphones while writing, The second Weling task sa independent essay simi the essays rom the C3 TOR

Hand writing an esayis no longer an option on TOEFL iS You must ype both yor say, Tk you do not know fow to type well you mus race on a Keyboard before your est oF take yping lessons before akg he test You have the abit to eat, copy,and past as you type your essay, Honever, the word procsir doesnot check your speling, s0 Yo anne reyon the compute to indicate when you've made a pling or grammatical evr Aci brton in all sections aks you to ist of topics for which help explanations are saab,

Use The Practice Tests CD-ROM to get a better undersianding of how the reading passage, lecture, and questions appear on the seren and play ia the Weling section ofthe 5 well asf ow the pec entre work

whiting Tasks

he Writing section contains wo tasks ask |i a integrated skills ask—yow read and listen fst, then you write an essy based om what you have read and heard, You may take nots while you read austen and use your noes io hep prepare your ey You sre scored ‘on how wel you select and corey presen information fom te lta sit relates to information in the reading psig, a well son how wel you write generally (vocabulary, grimmar and ongzation, Tass independent familar topic based ona shor: promps, You ae sored on ow wel you adres the pin sẽ writing tsk—you malta estyo0

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Following it an overview ofthe two tsk in the Wetingection of the TOEFL

Integrated Task I: Reading and Lecre Rea an academic passage (of 250 to 275 words) the ten fo act (up to No Tu ert onthe same tps tien respondto equezion by sonmaniag, ‘what you have read and eae

SB minutes to e08|

2 minutes to een to lecture

20 mites plan and write a response

Introduction) 18

Independent Tsk 2: OpcionPreteerce Wie aso amir op

30 mites plan and rea response

KAPLAN

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re | roervier

INSTALLING THE CD-ROMS ‘System Requirements

Windows ‘Win 98 SE,NT 4.06, ME, 2000, XP Pentium®266 Milv or higher mm

6EMB RAM,

800x300, lo chinh celor monitor

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Introduction) 97

USING THE APPLICATION-MAJOR SECTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE Installing and Launching the Software (The Practice Tests CD-ROM) Windows™ This CD-ROM has the AutoPlafestre enable set the CD-ROM and wat few seconds forthe installation to begin, Cick onthe Install Program button and ten follow the on Ifthe CD-ROM does not start automatically

Clckon

Start button oa your Windows Taskbar an then click on Ra, 2 Type drive leer ise” you woud type in “eetup EXE") into the Open box and in “setup EXE" where "dis the ltr of your CD-ROM drive (gif your

click on OK,

"

4 Once instalation is complete, double-click on the TOEFL icon on your desktop to seat he program

Macintosh

(Once you have inserted the CD-ROM into the driv, wat forthe CD-ROM icon to appeae on your desktop and then double-cck ont

Doublestckon the le called "Aut" and follow the on-screen insroctions “Then restart your computer To launch she program dauble-ick the "Internet-Based TOEFL" ion inthe TOEFL foe,

‘Atthe main mens (home screen, you will have several options

Toor amiiarize yourself with the dierent types of question and strategie for answering these questions

“Test Cente: take up to fou fl-ength practise TOEFL exams My Tes Scores reve your resus om practice es you've taken

More Information: lara more about he English language programs provided by Kaplan anlaboot the TOEFL

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ve | roervier

Installing and Using the Audio Files (CD-ROMs 4 and 2) Ao files te found on CD-ROM 1 and

your compute to aces cher,

2nd you wil simply inert the CD-ROM into [Pe imeyoumust tien toan audio pasage within aeson you wllsetisheadphone ion he information next othisicoa wil nde which audio lk you shoul te, Remember

‘hat the ans fral audio files re |ibdsd sndound he enc of cach chap

Double lick om the Se cterencedin your book The Mes are caled out in each chapter as yoo wll eed access them Complete eanserptsare found atthe end of exch chapter

Please note that you can use both a vompaterand a portable seco, Adi files are labeled as follows pa cp2 mm 28 28L, Conversation 02, 21, Lectore 24, UL, Question 36 03 1 Comenadon 25 251, Question S7 04, aL Lecune 26, 26 Lecce 05 SL, Comverstion 27, 27, Question 42 06, 61, Lecture 281, Conversation 07, 71, Conversation 291 Leste 08 81, Question 12 30, 30 Lecture 0á, a Lecture AI 31, Conversion 10, 1DL, Question HỆ 32, 321 Lecture UL TIE Question 15 33, 381, Question 48 12 126, Conversion M4 341, Question 50 13 13L Question 17 35, 351, Question 51 1, HH, Lectore 36 Sol, Question 52 15 151, Question 18 57 18 Task 16, Tol, Question 18 3, 18,Tisk?2 17 171, Conversation 4 IS R2 16, 181, Question 24 ma

19 191, Question 25 AI, IS Tak

20, 2, Lecture 42 18, Tak 6 Lecture and Prompt 21 21L, Question 31 48, IW Tis 1, Price 1

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TOEFL BT: Chapter 1 | 19

Chapter 1: Reading

The Reading section isthe fst section ofthe TOEFL In this section, you must read tree oF five passages of approximately 700 words, and answer questions that 1st youe ‘comprehension after cach passage Al the ening passages are about the same length, but the number of passages questions ad the total amount of time fr this section can vary (On any TORFL administration, you an receive between three and Give reading passges, and you have ners from 60 9 10 nates to read the passages and answer the questions, Aepending onthe number of passages, Ao cach passige can have 120 quedtions, nd the times divided follows

+ 2a inotes forthe fit pasage

+ ad minotesforthesesond and third passages + ad minotsfor the fourth and fit pases

owe not al et wil have ive passages some may hare ony thre

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36 | toner

‘The pasages flint one of hee types: exposition, narrative, o argument An exposition, or expository passage is a description and explanation of atopic A narrative fa stor}, fd usally a academic marae inves historical events or biraphicldscssions A ‘areative i ealy a typeof exposition snc it describes and expline what happened, Aa rgoment howeve.s an opinion or point of wew aboot the ops anal postion for or ‘agains «parila theory or plan Unlike an exposition, an arguments persuasive, which ‘ean thatthe writer wars 0 persuale—or fo convince—the eader fo agee with hs opinion

After you rea a pasage, you must answer 1210 questions These questions test your compreheasion of the writes explanation or argument by asking about the deal, ‘vocabulary organization, key points and «examined thoroughly below, but fis there is review of basic reading strategies, iliationsin the pasage Each question type i

GENERAL READING STRATEGIES

Regardless of the topic ofthe passage or the specific questions, you should alvays follow certain guidelines that wil help you understand the passage better and prepare you © ser the questions more curate Us the following rates whenever you ae reading Spssige onthe TOEFL

‘Sertegy I familar withthe instructions and kip them immeditly

[e pepured for your exam by knowing the orpnivaton ofthe section and the function ofthe ‘rious buttonson the seen The tne begins countngassoon asthe Reading section begins, 50 you should not spend time reading te instructions tha appara he beginning of the

Sesion f you are aie th dtrediene gu can ship them and go staight tote Fes ‘reading pssige Review the following explanations and memorize them before yur test

Tevet ‘There a tinea the top of he steen dung the ent section, As rmantoned ave you begn te readeg secon wih 20 rates oad the fist passage and arse he ues Then yous 40 ates to nite second and thre passages ry yur text nes a outs 1nd ify passage, uve 40 mouteso complete bath orem The Timer cous do fem 20 40, depending on th ph eu

Sao ‘hetfve, you mest sof move, up or down the passage by ccking Each reading passage sto fog of ery onthe screen at nce “onthe arts bese each possge wth you mouse Ts Retue ‘Shir athe one povided weh Metso Med,

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hope Reaing| 24

Review bền 'y dking once on this buton wth yur mouse, you can see a review Screen, where you ca se le qiedlDeinìe ezlonandthec Status am re net answered ort yr sen

face burton | By ching once on ths buon wh your mouse, you retro the plevous quaston You can dso hang Your are! YOU man, but St wibin ane 20 mare Yo owe ono the nest pat ou ago back Fer example ance yu or 40 ute part Once the ter ends and

lin het passage ars beg the azone you cat go bk to re ferbecaure ech pscage = timed separa 20 mote ar paeage one, 40 manutes for pasages to ane vee

lossy | &wedtblueinapsøsgeinloteshatađefnaonisaaloblelorbe ‘word icing on the word bigs uo ths dentin Each pasage has riya sna number of words hhighiede be

Nest bution | By dking on thi buon, you cn cal up the Fst passage a the bgaring oft Readirg ston A, ate you have sored a pasage, canh Ee you kek on hs button, you can ip queston and got the rex one he ack burton ress you tothe revs qeston)

a not wait forthe first reading pusage to appear a the sar of the sction, A long at you have memorized the instructions ahead of tine ignore the when they ap peat Oh the “ven and click he Nest button to sete ist ceding pssage

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n To iêr

LIL Parageaph 3 ~ Body Paragraph A Topic sentence

8 Detail (examples, description explanation etc)

1V-Paagaph = Boy Pach ATopicsenence

8 Deu (examples espn, xplaatio, ete)

‘Paragraph $= Conclusion

‘A Restatement /paraphias ofthe tess optional) 8 Final comment, prediction, ecommendationete ‘Thetatroduction

‘The fist paragraph isthe ntzoduction, which begins with an opening remark, or hook ‘Writers, and spekers se hooks to generate interest inthe audience A hook can bea ormmoa observation fo everyay Ula sorpeising o unustal ata personal oe tions anestotes rhetorical question quote, amongmany other possiblities After the hook, the ‘writer mayor may not include Background information, which s any information that he eae wl ned to flaw the discussion o argument in the rest ofthe passage Fal, the Jntrodcton ends with a thesis statement, The thesis aterent sone sentence that sates ‘the writer's nin idea which isthe writer’ opinion, message, or subject, ane pesibly sates ‘the author sopporting points, Look at the losing sample inrodtion for # passage cellule division, or mito

nance phiesogh once gud hat 2 ings innate conned emer vesions Of beac: a ee cmtned stl identea! Ves; «Rowe eataned sal owes, {Now of eure we eo thatthe cll he ndareral nt of hộng cgvnzme ‘heels a mcescpealy Smal sack of bag whose wl ate made Up Ipc rd choles The human body isms up ons of er, Some reproduce ac may {not bul ae corner ith each oe to fon he atau ane fe Body eich ch heck lơng aml sân Hườợn củ mJhứxegh 3 process aed mos nd erate eur main sages ook dion

[Notice that the verter’ hook, or opening remark, mentions an ancient philosopher's beliet about the compasiion af living things However, thishistovica fact isnot the main rope ‘The hook is reated tothe sai topic cel division) because both discus the fandamenta stractre of tre bat he hook contrast with the mn topic since the hook san incorrect ‘dea that hasbeen dsprovedby ‘is description of cll and its fnction within the human bo Final the intron modern science Net the write provides background, which

cds with s thesis satement which mentions the tpic (mitosis) and the supporting points (Tour main stages of cel ditsion) Notice how you mas understand on your owe thatthe writer wil discs each stage of cll division inthe passge the writer docs not make 30 ‘explicit ect statement such 1 wil explain the for main stages

pyrighted

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hope 1: Reaing| ‘TheBody

“The second section of the pase the Body, which the dale group of pcagraphs body could contain any number of paragraphs, but usally TOEFL reading posses have ssther thee or four body paragraphs Each body paragraph begins with 2 topic sentence, The which toes the unique topicof that paragraph point forthe thesis andthe top sentence states that supporting point, After the topic ach body paragraph discusses suppeting ‘sentence each body paragraph ncudes deal such as examples desceiption, explanation, ‘einitons Det are specific ides that help yu understand the supporting points Lok ‘the fllowing body paragraphs fr the pssigeon cell division:

Inte fest tage a cell recees a signal ode when a molecule sich 2 ns, ‘recto te ti oth al ll The cone per el ces ‘he nceus whichis el cotned wine own val isi the xk The ucts the ‘rn aed contol ene of the el Far exaele, hen a peso et the lod el potic pei leas hat tac sin cal These mokces aca the cud ‘sie each hn co ad the sin al round ery beg rua hee “overed umber of maces an nee, y new she, Oar he it stage of is apton tec must muy [Al human cls conan molecules and rans tha te neces forthe cls to funeton Moles ‘Sore moles conbneto fam oganlis, which ae reps cfmalaces at peer nude catches, penn pits, and rec es ang he

species inte eel For eagle nce oe ưặc re st ora sere infrmaton in DAG regu a ait inthe col Oe orareles Re saa “ong tam eed cll nt dbl the umber feces end enunlls beore ees ‘Seca he cal undegesrthas, which the copying thề DNA Deugibenudee {sod FON conta the returns ror eeyig that cel nea neue Bề dn.3orelw le to chains Raging se by side Organi ol the ncn the specie aI sag ofc chien ONR S made up of to sequences of genes sence soquence, oo Fer empl Ppotuce eyes wei ea the lad down, Orgills ranula te ening han apetsn ea fad the cain th storach

‘srersin one sequence cl genes nDNA

Inthe thd sage of ol dion te wal of the ori! raeusdeappeas andthe cal esis hie cul leone othe cell Ahead fis ge here eS ‘FDNR on each side ofthe cal anethe cel covans enough ergeel fr wo cole oh

Fray he mites tgp 9 now nies toms aid each tof DNA Than he ce ‘Sess new wal eshte tw nul, Ae ena age the ce sn, nd every to cel ext ied fst oe A eat el wl coranue mpeg Uber ecener a molecu senate =p,

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“ Tost

body paragraph ie a pat of the writers min ides, and together all the body paragraphs ‘equal the main idea, which san explanation of cel division

TheConduden he inal pararaph isthe concason, which may or may nt summarie the ey supporting, points rom the body ofthe passage A summary is nesesary when the passages extemely Tong, but since the TOEFL reading patsges ae not very long, a summary ia requied However writer must definitely restate te mai ideo the passage Final the conclusion ‘could include sme commento opinion (Support, rejecton,concera, optimism) about the topic ofthe pasage, and perhaps 3 resommendation,slation, rediston, o warning

related tit Look atthe flowing conclusion forthe passage about el vision io sumearice, 3 ol undergoes tour eps to dpi contr and then sta Wo Ge rj fa ores nn th cet, or sap sĩ ảl duson Caner how totun ase offndhak te spend of anes,

Strategy Reading actively meane reading citcally or analytically: In other words, you mnt think 3 Read actively she yoo read due to the level of description and explanation The reading passages on the TOEFL ae dense, which mesns that they involve compos ideas These concepts of any aspects such slp people actions, tates, places, and they have very specific relationships with eachother For example, te posige above defines many ers (ell ‘ovganlle, DNA},ane thes terms are used hroughout the passe In onde to relat al the ides in a eaingpssage, you wil ned think about them, not js rea them

Active ceadingis not skimming, Many students shim the pase ight away before they read the frst question, but your fis reading should be mare thorough, Skiaming is when you pase your eyes quickly aver the word, and you et abasic understanding ofthe opi bt Iie understanding ofthe specie of she patsge This ale ting the ist oa passe, futitis’ enough or you to get the is

Before you rend the irs question, pou shold end she pasageonse comprehensively but ule Ldemily the weiter’ mai ida, purpose, and supporting points other words, think bout what the author say abou the topic why the author has writen the pase, and how the witer supports Think about the actor, action, ats and the logic being thet, As you wl ear when you ty te strsteles for each question type, you must use ‘he context o gues the meaning of farvlar aobalang ets, and follow the cobesve device to relate the deal mk inferences sed om ein accurately, The more you thik shout the writers idee ana how they ae explained or argued, he easier it wil befor You to ‘liminate disracerssorncorect answers and recognize the core newer

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hope Reding| 25

suesion Depending onthe question, you can facuson a particular paragraph or pat of the passage and vad it more cave

Strategy 4 Be prepared to infer meaning inference sa wt sil forthe Reading and Listening sections, To nfermeans to understand tnstted or unwritten meaning based an certain detail and ogc, When you infer an ides, you understand it even though the writer (r speaker) didn state it deel inferences Felted to implication; when » speaker or writer implies an idea he o se communicates theidea without mensioningit dec A veader of sen the infers it based on Some key ‘ead og

The clue to an inference the dtl hat allows you to connect log to something tunmentioned, One can make an inference based on identity, cst, lotion time, 9 ‘ection, quan, or amount, among many other details maine thats man wakes up in the mie of the might sd gts ovt of bed bute can find the ight ste, Why does he hve trouble finding the ight switch? Based onthe ime idle ofthe night}, ane can infer the reason that he can't ind thesis ack and isnot mentioned inthe sentence, but you can automaticaly understand it bated on the tine, the man can't sexes, The darkness

‘Also the inference importante undecsanding he sentence fly

[Not alinfrences ae based on cveryy'stustians or bse on just one deal n fasts many equines caefl eading ofthe postage and a combination of more than one deal An inference eau be based on keyword sich some inthe following sentence fram the sage above: Some molecules combine frm organelles, which are groups of molecules "hat perform specie fanction in the cel Based on the use of ome, You can understand thot not all molecules form organelles Moreover, you mast be caret not tine too mụch, “Any inference must be supported by the passage Many disacterorincoeect anshers, att tase on asumptions that rent supported by detain the reding

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as | oer er

10 quickly ov carelessly miss thee qualifications in the passage, and they become dstated Dyincoreet answers esl, For example, ea he fowing statement:

conc clare arene ui

‘Thesentence aboveisan unqualified statement nother wordt isnot molified or fected byany other ideas, such 35 time or reason, Compare the abow statement ote allowing sentences wth a modifying phrase o use:

Frequent, doses remove cancers | Aver (ime) coe mea For many cancer patents, doctors remone | Piepodlend phose(benefderyleeee) reece cls sage

Te vest many potent docs remove | Inve pase (ouposs) fencnos ces sy hen wating many cases ofconcer, | Patil prose doctors remove cancercus cls sugcaly | (bme/smuonecus acon)

hen they teat many pants doctors | Ader davse (ome/simuanecusacton) remove cancerous cole sugiey,

‘To read actively, you need 10 pay attention to these modifying oF qualifying expressions “Moreover ule the ample entences above, many sentences inthe reading passages the ‘TOEFL are log, complex sentence These sentences inca many phrases snd dependent ‘aust Therefore, you have to consider variety of efferent but relate ies in oder to ————

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Chapter Reading| 37 Look tthe following sentences and notice how the modifying expressions ad meaning ta the sentence oncerous ces can be removed sum | Adve (meting) ‘concerus els ean be fequenty ‘Adve (ie) + adver (metas) removes sgcaly

Despre pessbecempizatons, cancerous | Prepostional vase (convas) calreanbe heqoeny temovedsurgeaty | ‘adie (ne)

To aed the spread ofthe dase, ‘ances cls canbe fequanty removes | + prepestonal phrase (cntas) Suga despite possible compleatans Ini lose (purpose) + adver (me) they are concentated ina anal enough | Advts cause (condition) + adver (ime) creo, cancerous clscan be fequenty | + prepotiona phase (corts})

removed surgically despite posable Corrente of + Bara pase (eapose)

Strategy 6 Pay attention to sequence especially mixed sequence

“Thesequence,or lanportant writer often, but sọ alway, explains or descrbes the top in conolgical order of the ideas, events, step actions or states ina pase is exteemely onder In other words writers ofen ste atthe beginning ofan even or process and then ‘move 1o the end The order of ides in the passage matches dee onde in time However, don't assome that evento steps take pce in te sme order that they are mentioned in the passage

‘es common fora pasage onthe TOEFL to mix the sequence of ides This meas that the write dosnt mention al dessin chronological ovde An eater event in a hitorcl ragrative can be mentioned afer ater events for various reasons Look atthe following ceacerp froma Mistrial passage about the begining ofthe American Revolution:

Inf 1725, stip lof Brits oes land Boston, the Utes ates not ‘ists anindapendet ‘heseiderswere tow to hep tem underthepowe ofthe kgf rgd Attar cut The 13 cares wee sl part fe Bean Erp ahd ‘ime howe sales began marching hom Boon the cy of Coven, Masachuses Rebels hại ona izes nese panning ir negendence Once an nd the ish {oned an ep enisain call the Weeachusee Conese, whic mein Conca TheBfeh wont are he member an ante ebelion

KAPLAN)

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38 |OELếr

wares)

The writer begins the narration withthe arcval ofthe British soldiers in April 1775 Although he could have chosen any numberof ether events oc moments that choice ‘sablishes the time fame of the paragraph However not everthing Jn the paragraph occurred dingo afer that asval- The organization ofthe vebelion ws that is mentioned liter in progres at that ine based on the pest continuous vero were planning, Moreover, you sus logedly assume tha the solders began marching after they lf the Beatson Boston However he MassachsetsCongeess was not formed a that ine Based en thế nát pefKST ‘er hd formed, you should waerstand thatthe Congress was already formed before the rival ofthe Brith soir

Any passage not just historical narratives can include a mined sequence of events A you ‘mse in the pasage above, vr tense often useful o sequence ess corte You can slko use the content The cones f any sentence or paragraph imslses any etry ations, states locations ties and elated deals Fo example, the context ofthe paragraph above ‘hepre-Revolationary Unie Stats and the attempted ares of the Masschutets Congress

ay Brits sldiers Based on this context the creation ofthe Congress logically occurred before the atival ofthe soldiers since the Congress part ofthe ebellon tht brought the solder

Strategy 7: Take basi notes for the Bs reading,

Read the passage intally for comprehension, not note-taking In other words, your aim shold be 1 understand a mac as posible aboot the passe fom the fst reading Since ‘sour focusison understanding record wry detailed note, the concepts the connections among tern, you shoo ‘You dont need detailed notes ofthe reading passage becuse your notes are not he primary source for answers Since you can see the reading passage next 1 every question, you can return to the pasige forthe vast majority of your answers Infact his ia pact of most steategies fr answering questions, such as deta or inference questions

Moreover you don't slways need to Incite paragraphs since some questions include references to epic paragraphs A question about ania in Paragraph 3 could eer to that parageaph ‘worry to much about locating the caret paragraph, but each pasgraph could include a with a phrase such si Parag or in the thin paragraph So you needa’

<oten sentences o snore 40 yu ll have to sa for information within paragraph Despite the dzetions in some questions ote ae sil useful: not all questions carey irestions oa particular parsers some questions inelde point rom several part of ‘he passages and one question may require you to summarize the pssageby choosing three ey points roma Uist Therefore, aap oF outline, of dhe passage can be useful ist, you ‘should record the authors msi iden and key points in singular words, phates, symbols and abbreviations, noe complete sentences Neer eyo tecord notes incomplete sentences {uring any section ofthe es Since your notes are ly dục Ta remind yo abot what you rexd or beard they don't ced tobe entire sentences Moreover, you can aways return tothe

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hope Reading| 39

one

Create an outing ofthe passage sig key words 1 ony major pons, sovignore the hook or opening remarks and any specific deta Incluge approximately Fie key words foreach paragraph, You should be able to cosa our ouline and

tocateinforonation os wll x check the overall nin ies, Al nde the bse paragraph ‘ngaization by epestngparasaph topics and grouping deste with the sppeoprate tpi, Be brief bu organized You don't want to spend iow ch tine on the oiling but you hờ twin itobe weefulwhen you ast answering qustions Look he following passge map forthe passage an el vision ma 8) han gn oe cons

READING STRATEGIES: QUESTION TYPES

"Now, you can eeview strategies for each question type in the Reading section ofthe TOBEL There ate 10 unigue question types in the Reading section All of them require the general reading strategies eeplained ahove However, each type of question i leo bamd an paticolcinforrstin from the pasage,so you need to eview way find tht information decurstely and quickly Final cach qveston type alo chides particular incorrect answer, ‘or dstracter, which manipulate oat Hes from the pasioge Therefore, he follwing eprreview the est ways in the correct answers) and avoid heicorrct nes fr cach

‘weston type

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To iêr

tempt The corect choice 1 each sumple question i ive n he sưategjesthạtflew: 4A These sample questions ae ot included in the Arawer Key at he end ofthe Reading chapter The Answer Key explains the correct answer(s) and dsvacters far the questions in the Practice section foreach question ype

‘Question Type 1: Fact/Detail Questions

tal qoetions et your bse conoprehesion of ey fats inthe patnge For each patnge, you muy receive fom St 6 questions about specif facts, or details Like al questions in ‘the eading section, detail questions are multiple-choice questions You have four choices and ether ome or two choices is correct (The question will specify whether you should shoose one or two correct answers) The ether choices are dstacters oF incorrect answer ‘choices Detail questions ask about facts elated to ane ofthe intesroptive pronouns: what, ‘who, sho whose, eich wh bow sehen a where even thovgh the questions might not slays ie these pronouns,

‘Once youreveises deal question, thereare several actions youshould perform adation 0 ‘the general steateges youve send ese The srteies below reviw hese recmmended ations, bur frst ead the fllowing sors exceept roma passage oo the ancient Gedk god

Apel: Apollo

(ne of ets eae purpaes wa to see a» marker f= poe eter» poe of oshp or lace a pteton To duos the ty, const anoert Cee, where ower of gos were place ony wale to saleper the prope, These tier mere ten ofthe Greck ged Apa whose mperance tothe Greeks mst be den beret oor decade ea be aly apres

potas an embodment ofa the inves that rek sce hela warty yal beauty an tien uete gh vikzd sac depon of Apo bo ely eal boty The ster of pala showes him aver Ines pre, eprearng te or no acy hus reminiag enooters that he was a athartaian dey a nto be ‘tore Some sarces show Agallo tha ern, gv eras, ending an ao Swaningte hese whe havent otowed is wishes ` o of gesture ond died expessons Ths may be ntepreted as resi of weakening ‘alsa ols but twas cerainy meartas austere beat an szengh Alas mod The tl aves fis body uhob be doi hodnga bow ane are or8 ‘sel ietumen, atest Aol tele power Hisfae, pote peeve or 4#zcioten,pemiedlhe Ciek people to iden heraehes wh i nd ele Fis ire uae, acon to is aecbepysque, Unfortunately, the atgunen that the loosening of Apo tit vepesentatin anespndes ton reakdonn mi pable okies may ako be tees trate ta he power weed by the ances eligon began ode pecs ashe sates Apo became more see

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Chaper.ResfngÌ — št

Strategy Identify ey Hea or set of ideasin the question

Red every question onthe exam carefully, Stodent fen hort their own chances when they rend questions too quickly Each deta question involves particular 0, ation, orator setof nouns action or states deni these and ue them to lsaetheceleant information in the passage, Ti is necesay even the question refers to a pec paragraph umber Regarles of any directions in the question, the body paragraphs inthe reading Passage ould be very lng, Therefore, eventhough he question may tll you to lok aa partials praraph, you most stl locate the neces information n that paragraph

‘You most emily the idea(), no the spesfc words oF vocabulary, Often, the guestion wil paraphrase, o restate ideas from the pussoge Of course, some wards ate not eisy paraphrised auch astechnial ems (DNA) and names (Apalla) and so dot ssn every ‘word rested in the question, Usvally the restatement involves 3 synonyrs or ierent puro speech Look a he folowing detail question about the passage above

According othe author, the final carved depictions af Apollo were superior to the ety serious versions

represented a wating tothe pop possibly ed to weakening caitaral moral represented more than jst his physi best

The bey ies nthe question ae inthe phrae fl carved depions OF eave the noun Apolasmportant, bu ite repested oo often inthe pase since isthe main topic, oF sujet ofthe pasuge The mane ees weil chen, for loaing the neceetryinforlaion inthe pose

Strategy 2 111A

Scanning is usefl for locating information quickly 10 select the corect choices) as wells tliminae incorrect one, Scanning ithe oppose of reading actively closely means to look ose the passage wthoot reall reading the words When you scan a passage, 7 dont ‘want to understand the sentences yu wantonly find some information,

‘You are probably looking fora restatement ofthe key ides) in the question, 9 you must sill think about what you ae seeing However, ou don't need to reread the pasage fst look ter until you finda word phrase, or cause that could be» possible paraphrase of the ey ideas) Since detail question inalves only speciicfactsfrom the pssage, you have to read oaly 2 speci part ofthe passage closely Scanning allows you to in that part by locating the key iets icky