Wiley 2021 Interpretation and Application of IFRS® Standards
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
THE CURRENT STRUCTURE
PROCESS OF IFRSSTANDARD‐SETTING
Appendix A: Current International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and Interpretations (SIC/IFRIC)
APPENDIX B: IFRS FOR SMEs
Definition of SMEs
IFRS for SMEs is a Complete, Self‐Contained Set of Requirements
Modifications of Full IFRS Made in the IFRS for SMEs
Disclosure Requirements Under the IFRS for SMEs
Maintenance of the IFRS for SMEs
Implications of the IFRS for SMEs
Application of the IFRS for SMEs
2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
3 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
GENERAL CONCEPTS, STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
General Concepts
Structure and Content
CLASSIFICATION OF ASSETS
Current Assets
Non‐Current Assets
Other Assets
CLASSIFICATION OF LIABILITIES
CLASSIFICATION OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
US GAAP COMPARISON
5 STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, AND CHANGES IN EQUITY
INTRODUCTION
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
CONCEPTS OF INCOME
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT
Income
Expenses
Gains and Losses
STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
PRESENTATION IN THE PROFIT OR LOSS SECTION
Example of a schedule of cost of goods sold
Example of schedules of cost of goods manufactured and sold
Example of disclosure of discontinued operations under IFRS 5
Aggregating Items
Offsetting Items of Income and Expense
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
US GAAP COMPARISON
6 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
BACKGROUND
Benefits of Statement of Cash Flows
Exclusion of Non‐Cash Transactions
Components of Cash and Cash Equivalents
PRESENTATION
Basic example of a classified statement of cash flows
Basic example of preparation of the statement of cash flows under IAS 7 using a worksheet approach
7 ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND ERRORS
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
IMPORTANCE OF COMPARABILITY AND CONSISTENCY IN FINANCIAL REPORTING
ACCOUNTING POLICY
SELECTING ACCOUNTING POLICIES
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Example of retrospective application of a new accounting policy
Example of change from FIFO to the WA method
Note A: Change in Method of Accounting for Inventories
Changes in Amortisation Method
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
CORRECTION OF ERRORS
Example of the correction of a material error
8 INVENTORIES
Examples of accounting for goods in transit
Examples of a consignment arrangement
Example of recording raw material or component parts cost
Joint products and by‐products
Direct costing
Differences in inventory costing between IFRS and tax requirements
METHODS OF INVENTORY
Specific Identification
First‐In, First‐Out
Weighted‐Average Cost
Net Realisable Value
Other Valuation Methods
Retail method
Standard costs
Disclosure Requirements
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
US GAAP COMPARISON
9 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Examples of decommissioning or similar costs to be recognised at acquisition
Example of timing of recognition of decommissioning cost
Example of ongoing additions to the decommissioning obligation
Changes in decommissioning costs
Initial recognition of self‐constructed assets
Exchanges of assets
Costs incurred after purchase or self‐construction
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation Methods Based on Time
Example
Example of partial‐year depreciation
Example of estimating the useful life
Tax methods
Leasehold improvements
Example
Example of depreciated replacement cost as a valuation approach
Example—Initial revaluation
Example—Subsequent revaluation
Example—Accumulated depreciation
Example of accounting for asset disposal
Example of reconciliation of asset carrying amounts
Example of an exchange involving dissimilar assets and no boot
Example of accounting for a non‐reciprocal transfer
10 BORROWING COSTS
Example of accounting for capitalised interest costs
When do we suspend capitalisation?
When do we cease capitalising borrowing costs?
Costs in excess of recoverable amounts
Disclosure requirements
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle
US GAAP COMPARISON
11 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Example of software developed for internal use
Example of development cost capitalisation
Example: Revenue‐based amortisation
Example of subsequent costs
Example of revaluation of intangible assets
Example of accounting for revaluation of development cost
Amortisation Period
Customer lists
Patents
Copyrights
Renewable licence rights
Residual Value
Impairment Losses
Derecognition of Intangible Assets
Website Development and Operating Costs
DISCLOSURES
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURE
US GAAP COMPARISON
12 INVESTMENT PROPERTY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
IDENTIFICATION
Apportioning Property between Investment Property and Owner‐Occupied Property
Property Leased to a Subsidiary or a Parent Company
Interrelationship between IFRS 3 and IAS 40
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT
Recognition
Subsequent expenditures
Fair value vs. cost model
Fair value model
Inability to measure fair value reliably
Cost model
Transfers to or from investment property
Disposal and retirement of investment property
PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
US GAAP COMPARISON
13 IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS AND NON‐CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Example of accounting for impairment
Example of impairment recovery
Example of impairment recovery—revaluation method
Insurance and Other Recoveries
Disclosure Requirements
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS: NON‐CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
NON‐CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Example of assets held for sale
14 CONSOLIDATIONS, JOINT ARRANGEMENTS, ASSOCIATES AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Example of more than one investor
Example of majority of voting rights
Examples of less than a majority of voting rights
Exposure, or Rights, to Variable Returns from an Investee
Link between Power and Returns
Example of a Fund Manager
Other Arrangements
Consolidation Procedures
Intercompany transactions and balances
Non‐controlling interests
Changes in the proportion of non‐controlling interests
Example of recognising changes in the level of the parent's controlling ownership interest
Example
Example
Example
Example—Cement manufacturer A purchases competitor C
Example of accounting for the parent's loss of control of a subsidiary
Example of business purpose
Example—Biotechnology Fund (based on IFRS 10 para IE 7, example 2)
Examples of classification based on the contractual agreement
Example (based on IFRS 11 IE 53; example 7)
Accounting for Joint Ventures
Separate Financial Statements
ASSOCIATES
EQUITY METHOD OF ACCOUNTING
Scope and application
The Equity Method
Example of a simple case ignoring deferred taxes
Example of a complex case ignoring deferred taxes
Example of accounting for intercompany transactions
Example of eliminating intercompany profit on property, plant and equipment
Example of accounting for a discontinuance of the equity method
Example of accounting for an investee capital transaction
15 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Example of acquisition date preceding closing date
Step 3—Identify assets and liabilities requiring separate accounting
Step 4—Identify assets and liabilities that require acquisition date classification or designation
Step 5—Recognise and measure the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Exceptions to the Recognition Principle
Exceptions to both the Recognition and Measurement Principles
Exceptions to the Measurement Principle
Example of measuring non‐controlling interest at fair value
Example of measuring non‐controlling interest at share of net assets of the acquiree
Example of recognising goodwill—non‐controlling interest measured at the non‐controlling interest's proportionate share of the acquiree's net assets
Example of recognising goodwill—non‐controlling interest measured at fair value
Example of a bargain purchase
Example of consideration of new information obtained during the measurement period
Example of settlement of pre‐existing contractual supplier relationship: contract unfavourable to acquirer
Example of settlement of pre‐existing contractual supplier relationship: contract favourable to acquirer
Example of contingent payments to employees
Example of acquisition transaction—goodwill
Example of deferred tax
Example of acquisition transaction—gain from a bargain purchase
Example of a step acquisition
Example of a footnote acquisition
16 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT
PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE
CLASSIFICATION BETWEEN LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
SHARE ISSUANCES AND RELATED MATTERS
Examples of additional contributed capital transactions
Examples of retained earnings transactions
Example of payment of dividends
Liquidating dividends
Taxation impact
Accounting for Treasury Share Transactions
Members' Shares in Co‐operative Entities
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
US GAAP COMPARISON
17 SHARE‐BASED PAYMENT
Example—Construction services settled by issuing shares
Example—Vesting condition (service condition)
Example—Vesting service conditions
Example—Market performance conditions
Example—Non‐market performance conditions
Measurement of Fair Value
Modifications and Cancellations to the Terms and Conditions
If the Modification Increases the Fair Value
Example—Modification of a share‐based payment transaction
Example—Vesting service conditions
Example—Vesting service conditions
Example—Cash‐settled share‐based payment
Example—Where choice of settlement in cash and equity is with the counterparty
Example—Parent company granting stock options to the employees of its subsidiary
Example—Determining the fair value of options using the BSM model
Example—Determining the fair value of options using the binomial model
Example—Multiperiod option valuation using the binomial model
18 CURRENT LIABILITIES, PROVISIONS, CONTINGENCIES AND EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
Example of short‐term obligations to be refinanced
Example footnote illustrating disclosures required under IAS 37 with respect to provisions
Example of adjustment for changes in discount rate
Example of accounting for levy payable only after a threshold
Example of product warranty expense accrual
Example of illustrative footnotes—contingent liabilities
Example of illustrative footnotes—gain contingency/contingent asset
Disclosure example
Part of Note 1: Significant estimate or judgement: provisions
REPORTING EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
Authorisation Date
Adjusting and Non‐Adjusting Events (After the Reporting Period)
Dividends Proposed or Declared After the Reporting Period
Going Concern Considerations
Disclosure Requirements
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
US GAAP COMPARISON
19 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
BACKGROUND
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IAS 19
Applicability: Pension Plans
Applicability: Other Employee Benefit Plans
Cost Recognition Distinguished from Funding Practices
POST‐EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLANS
General Discussion
Periodic Measurement of Cost for Defined Contribution Plans
Periodic Measurement of Cost for Defined Benefit Plans
Current Service Cost
Interest on the Accrued Benefit Obligation
The Expected Return on Plan Assets
Actuarial Gains and Losses
Past Service Costs
Transition Adjustment
EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY AND ASSETS
MINIMUM FUNDING REQUIREMENT
OTHER PENSION CONSIDERATIONS
Example of disclosure on multi‐employer scheme in annual report
ASM International NV
In significant accounting policies
Pension plans and similar commitments
Note 17
Pension plans
Multi‐employer plan
DISCLOSURES FOR POST‐EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLANS
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Example of compensated absences
20 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
SCOPE
THE REVENUE MODEL
Example of collectability of consideration
Example of a contract modification
Example of determining whether goods or services are distinct
Example of a volume discount incentive
The existence of a significant financing component in the contract
Non‐cash consideration
Consideration payable to a customer
Changes in the transaction price
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price
Allocation based on stand‐alone selling prices
Allocation of a discount
Example of allocating a trade discount in a phone transaction
Example of allocating a discount to one or more performance obligations
Example of allocating a price concession
Example of construction and sale of flats
Example of incremental costs of obtaining a contract
Costs to fulfil a contract
Amortisation
Impairment
PRESENTATION
DISCLOSURE
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
SPECIFIC TRANSACTIONS INIFRS 15
OTHER SPECIFIC TRANSACTIONS
Example of donated capital
21 GOVERNMENT GRANTS
Example of application of IAS 20 for below‐market loans
Example of a grant received in recognition of specific costs
Example of a grant relating to a depreciable asset
Example of a grant with conditions attached relating to a non‐depreciable asset
Example of a grant received as part of financial aid subject to a number of conditions
Example of setting up a grant as deferred income or reducing the carrying amount of the asset
Example of repayment of a government grant
22 LEASES
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
CLASSIFICATION OF LEASES
Example—Identification of a lease in a contract
Lease term
Classification of Leases—Lessor
Different Types of Finance Leases
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT
Example—Initial measurement of the right‐to‐use asset and lease liability
Example of straight‐lining of lease income
Accounting for Lease 1:
Accounting for Lease 2:
Finance leases
Sales‐type leases
Example of accounting for a sales‐type lease
Example of accounting for a direct financing lease
23 FOREIGN CURRENCY
Example—Determining functional currency
Example—Continuing need to translate foreign currency denominated events
Example—Exchange differences
Example—Non‐monetary items
Example—Historical cost accounting employed by reporting entity
Example—Revaluation accounting employed by reporting entity
Example—Other situations
Example—Impairments
Example
Translation of Functional Currency Financial Statements into a Presentation Currency
Translation (Remeasurement) of Financial Statements into a Functional Currency
Net Investment in a Foreign Operation
Consolidation of Foreign Operations
Taxation Effect
Comprehensive example: Translation into the presentation currency
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
24 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Example of how the objective of business models are achieved
Amortised Cost
Business model for assets classified as amortised cost
Cash flow characteristics for assets classified as amortised cost
Changes to contractual terms
Examples of contractual terms that result in contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest
Subsequent Measurement of Financial Assets
Investments in Equity Instruments
Reclassification of Financial Assets
Derecognition of Financial Assets
Transferring of Financial Assets
Transferring of Financial Assets that Qualify for Derecognition
Transferring of Financial Assets that do not Qualify for Derecognition
Continuing Involvement in Transferred Financial Assets
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Examples of financial liabilities that are likely to be classified and measured either at amortised cost or at FVTPL
Example of a mismatch
Example of accounting for the extinguishment of debt
Example of accounting for debt exchange or restructuring with gain recognition
Example of accounting for debt exchange or restructuring with gain deferral
Financial asset measured at FVTOCI with foreign currency movements IFRS 9 and IAS 21
Exchange differences arising on translation of foreign entities
Interaction between the standards
Statement of financial position
IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Example of the general approach
Example of debt instrument measured at FVTOCI (IFRS 9 IE78–81)
Example of significant increase in credit risk (IFRS 9 IE7–11 adapted)
Example of no significant increase in credit risk (IFRS 9 IE12–17 adapted)
Example of responsiveness to changes in credit risk (IFRS 9 IE 29–39 adapted)
Individual assessment
Collective assessment
Region Two
Region Three
Reasonable and Supportable Forward‐Looking Information
Modified Financial Assets
Purchased or Originated Credit‐Impaired Financial Assets
Simplified Approach for Trade Receivables, Contract Assets and Lease Receivables
Example of a provision matrix (adapted from IFRS 9 IE74–77 Example 12)
Example of a derivative transaction
Example of apparent loans that qualify as a derivative transaction
Example of interest rate swap to be accounted for as a derivative
Example of interest rate swap not to be accounted for as a derivative
Example of derivative not to be settled for cash
Example of non‐financial derivative to be settled for cash
Examples of contracts that meet the definition of a derivative
Objective and Scope of Hedge Accounting
Qualifying Criteria for Hedge Accounting
Designation of Hedging Instruments
Designation of Hedged Items
Components of a Nominal Amount
Relationship Between Components and the Total Cash Flows of an Item
Example
Example of an aggregated exposure
Example
Discontinuation of Hedge Accounting
Fair Value Hedges
Cash Flow Hedges
Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation
Accounting for the Time Value of Options
Accounting for the Forward Element of Forward Contracts
Hedges of a Group of Items
Example of hedging a group of items
Example
Layers of Groups of Items Designated as the Hedged Item
EFFECTIVE DATE AND TRANSITION REQUIREMENTS OF IFRS 9
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER IAS 32
Example of classification of contracts settled in an entity's own equity instruments
IAS 32—Presentation examples
Interests in Cooperatives
Convertible Debt Instruments
Features of Convertible Debt Instruments
Classification of Compound Instruments
Example of accounting by issuer of compound instrument
Example of accounting by acquirer of compound instrument
Debt Instruments Issued with Share Warrants
Instruments Having Contingent Settlement Provisions
Treasury Shares
Reporting Interest, Dividends, Losses and Gains
Offsetting Financial Assets and Liabilities
DISCLOSURES
Disclosures Required under IFRS 7
Applicability of IFRS 7
Classes of Financial Instruments and Level of Disclosure
Disclosures Relating to Reclassifications
Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
FINANCIAL ASSETS SUBJECT TO OFFSETTING, ENFORCEABLE MASTER NETTING ARRANGEMENTS AND SIMILAR AGREEMENTS
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES SUBJECT TO OFFSETTING, ENFORCEABLE MASTER NETTING ARRANGEMENTS AND SIMILAR AGREEMENTS
NET FINANCIAL ASSETS SUBJECT TO ENFORCEABLE MASTER NETTING ARRANGEMENTS AND SIMILAR AGREEMENTS, BY COUNTERPARTY
Collateral
Loss Allowances for Financial Assets Measured at FVTOCI
Certain Compound Instruments
Defaults and Breaches
Disclosures in the Statements of Comprehensive Income and Changes in Equity
Example: Gains and losses in respect of financial instruments
Example: Note 2. Accounting policies
Disclosure example: Liquidity risk
Disclosure example: Sensitivity analysis
Disclosure example: Foreign currency risk and equity price risk disclosures
25 FAIR VALUE
Example: Principal or most advantageous market
Example: Measuring fair value when there has been a significant decrease in the volume or level of activity
Example: Restriction on the sale of an equity instrument
Example: Highest and best use versus current use
Example: Non‐performance risk
Example: Corroborated by observable market data
Example: Multiple valuation techniques—machine held and used
Example: Valuation techniques and inputs
Example: Description about sensitivity to changes in significant unobservable inputs
26 INCOME TAXES
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
IDENTIFICATION
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT TAX
RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT OF DEFERRED TAX
RECOGNITION IN PROFIT OR LOSS
CALCULATION OF DEFERRED TAX ASSET OR LIABILITY
Basic example of initial recognition
Basic example of the computation of deferred tax liability and asset
Example
Example of the impact of a qualifying tax strategy
Example of determining the extent to which the deferred tax asset is recovered
Example of the computation of a deferred tax asset with a change in rates
Example of effect of change in tax law
Example of temporary differences in business acquisition
Example of revising estimate of tax benefit recoverability in business combination
Basic example of asset carried at fair value
Example of tax allocation for investee and subsidiary income
Example of tax effects of a compound financial instrument at issuance
Example of tax effects of a compound financial instrument in subsequent periods
Share‐Based Payment Transactions
PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
US GAAP COMPARISON
27 EARNINGS PER SHARE
Example of EPS computation—Simple capital structure
Example—Truly Dilutive
Example
Example of the if‐converted method
Example
Example
Sequencing of Dilution Effects
Presentation and Disclosure Requirements under IAS 33
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
US GAAP COMPARISON
28 OPERATING SEGMENTS
Example of determining the reportable segments
29 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
IDENTIFICATION
Example
Example: Consideration of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
30 ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING BY RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
31 AGRICULTURE
Example: Recognising gains and losses as a result of fair value measurement and sale of biological assets
PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURES
EXAMPLES OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
Sappi 201X Integrated Report at September 202X
OTHER ISSUES
US GAAP COMPARISON
32 EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
ASSETS SUBJECT TO IFRS 6
Categorisation
Availability of Cost or Revaluation Models
Financial Statement Classification
Disclosure Requirements under IFRS 6
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
IFRIC 20, STRIPPING COSTS IN THE PRODUCTION PHASE OF A SURFACE MINE
EXAMPLE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT DISCLOSURES
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
US GAAP COMPARISON
33 ACCOUNTING FOR INSURANCE CONTRACTS
34 INTERIM FINANCIAL REPORTING
Example of interim period materiality consideration
Example of interim reporting of product costs
Example of interim reporting of other expenses
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments at Interim Dates
Use of Estimates in Interim Periods
Impairment of Assets in Interim Periods
Interim Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
US GAAP COMPARISON
35 HYPERINFLATION
36 FIRST ‐ TIME ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS
Example to illustrate the implications of the standard
Examples to illustrate the reporting date
Example of IFRS 1 reporting requirements
Steps in Transition to IFRS
Selection of Accounting Policies
Opening IFRS Statement of Financial Position
Example to illustrate the date of the opening statement of financial position
Example to illustrate IFRS to be applied in the opening statement of financial position
Example to illustrate adjustments required to IFRS opening statement of financial position on transition
Example to illustrate mandatory exception applicable to estimates
Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities (IFRS 9)
Hedge accounting (IFRS 9)
Non‐controlling interests (IFRS 10)
OPTIONAL EXEMPTIONS
Example to illustrate business combination exemption
Example to illustrate the effects of first‐time adoption of IFRS
Example to illustrate the effect of the deemed cost exemption
Leases
Below Market Rate Government Loans
Cumulative Translation Differences
Investments in Subsidiaries, Jointly Controlled Entities and Associates
Assets and Liabilities of Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures
Compound Financial Instruments
Designation of Previously Recognised Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurement of Financial Assets or Financial Liabilities at Initial Recognition
Decommissioning Liabilities included in the Cost of Property, Plant and Equipment
Service Concession Arrangements
Borrowing Costs
Severe Hyperinflation
PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE
Example to illustrate the effect on interim reporting
Example 1 Statement of financial position impacts of DaimlerChrysler's transition to IFRS
Example 2 Income statement impacts of DaimlerChrysler's transition to IFRS
Example 3 Required explanation
Example 4 First‐time adoption by Meikles Group
INDEX
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