Water quality awareness and its impacts on health and livelihood in urban and rural communities that surrounds laguna lake, philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MA GILIAN BARADAS BAET WATER QUALITY AWARENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES THAT SURROUND LAGUNA LAKE, PHILIPPINES BACHELOR’S THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : K46-NO2 Thai Nguyen, October 2019 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Ma Gilian B Baet Student ID DTN1454290108 Water Quality Awareness and its Impacts on Health and Thesis Title Livelihood in Urban and Rural Communities that surrounds Laguna Lake, Philippines Supervisor (s) Ms Ly Thi Thuy Duong (Vietnam); Dr Damasa B Magcale-Macandog (Philippines) Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: Water is one of the basic necessities of a person’s life, without it, one cannot survive Nowadays, water bodies are getting polluted because of the toxic pollutants coming from factories and improper waste disposal and have negative impacts on the health and even the livelihood especially of the fishermen and farmers This research will tackle the awareness of the communities in urban (Cabuyao, Sta Rosa and San Pedro) and rural areas (Victoria, Pila and Pagsanjan) surrounding Laguna lake about the water quality caused by pollution This study will further investigate the awareness of people about the impacts of lake water quality on their health and the government programs related to the management of the lake Household survey was done on randomly sampled households Survey questionnaires were developed to gather all the data needed for this study Results were analyzed and it was concluded that people from the urban cities are more aware of water pollution than the people from rural municipalities This is because urban cities have factories and are more crowded that’s why people from the urban are experiencing more of the problems related to pollution than rural municipalities Local government units are conducting clean up drives for the lake and collecting wastes from the households Proper waste disposal and proper drainage system to avoid floods as it may be clogged by the garbage that have been thrown or carried by the water that came from the streets and to filter harmful chemicals that may affect the quality of the water to avoid sickness Keywords Number of pages Date of Submission Water, pollution, health, livelihood, Laguna Lake, water quality, urban, rural 56 pages September 25, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research will not be made possible without the people who helped the researcher I would like to express my sincere gratitude, first, to God for the guidance and blessings that HE gave for completing this research and the course of Environmental Science and Management Second, my advisers from the Philippines, Professor Damasa B MagcaleMacandog of the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines and from Vietnam, Ms Ly Thi Thuy Duong, for the continuous support for completing my research, for their patience, passion and motivation they have given me Their guidance helped me in various ways so that I can learn and complete my degree I could not imagine without them as my advisors Besides my advisors, my family and relatives for giving me motivation to complete this writing Their never-ending support will be always my motivation to go forward And to my little brother, Roman Paulo Baet, for being my enumerator in time of interviewing various people in urban cities, even though it’s his summer break but he is willing to help me To Mommy Seng and Daddy German, thank you for the patience that you’ve given me to finish this course and research To my aunts, Faustina Baradas, Istee Baradas-Racelis and Izhay Baradas, thank you for your never-ending support to keep me motivated throughout my journey To my siblings, Camille Baet and Roman Baet, thank you for being in my side whenever I got problems and for the advices that you’ve given me To my friends here in Vietnam, thank you very much for all the fun and happy moments especially my roommates in 205 and neighbor in 206 for having endless fun To my professors in Environmental Science and Management, thank you for teaching us all the lessons even though you are not native English speakers Thank you for making the effort for us to have the knowledge about Environmental Science and having fun filled field trips with all our classmates from both sections K46-A and K46-B To my Alma Matter, St Therese School Arts and Sciences but now called St Therese College of Arts and Sciences Inc., for giving me this opportunity to travel and study here in Vietnam It is one of the blessings I will always treasure since it opened my mind about other culture Having friends from other countries and learning their culture is one of the best experiences I gained To the Mayor of Cabuyao, Sta Rosa, San Pedro, Pila, Victoria and Pagsanjan, I’m very thankful for letting me survey the communities and to all your staff that have a very kind attitude For the barangay captains and staff, thank you for guiding me and for the security to finish the survey and gather all the information needed to complete this thesis And for the key informants and respondents, I’m so thankful for the honesty, sincerity and hospitality you’ve shown me while I’m doing my survey Thanks to all of you, I have now finished my research about Water Quality Awareness and its Impacts on Health and Livelihood in Urban and Rural Communities that surrounds Laguna Lake, Philippines Thank you and God bless TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures …….………………………………………………………… i List of Table (if neccessary) … …….………………… ii List of Abbreviation ……………………………………………………… iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………… 1.1 Research Rationale ………………………………………… 1.2 Research’s Objective 1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis ………………………………… ……………….… 1.3.1 Research Questions ………………………………… 1.3.2 Hypothesis 1.4 ………………………………………… Scope and Limitation …………………………………… 1.4.1 Scope ………………………………………………… 1.4.2 Limitation 1.5 Definition ………………………………………… ………………………………………………… CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………… CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ……………………………… … 11 3.1 Materials ………………………………………………………… 11 3.2 Methods ……………………………………………………… 11 3.2.1 Sample Size ………………………………………………… 11 3.2.2 Research Design ………………………………………… 13 3.2.3 Data Gathering Process ………………………………… 13 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ………………………… 14 4.1 General Information ………………………………………………… 14 4.1.1 Age Frequency ……………………………………… 14 4.1.2 Gender Distribution ………………………………………… 14 4.1.3 Marital Status ………………… 15 4.1.4 Educational Attainment ……………………………………16 4.1.5 Employment Status ………………………………………… 17 4.2 Knowledge and Awareness of the Community about water pollution in Laguna Lake and its effects on their health and livelihood …… 17 4.2.1 Perspective on their water quality of Laguna Lake and how they know it ………………………………… 17 4.2.2 Laguna Lake is experiencing environmental problems …… 19 4.2.3 Reasons why Laguna Lake is experiencing environmental problems 4.3 Health and Livelihood ………………………………… 19 ………………………………………… 21 4.3.1 Water quality affects people health and livelihood 4.3.2 Conservation of water …… 21 ………………………………… 22 4.3.3 Sewage connection ………………………………………… 22 4.3.4 Fish Taste & Reason ………………………………… 23 4.3.5 Water Related Diseases Experience 4.4 …………………… 24 4.3.6 Lake Swimming and Sickness …………………………… 25 Seminar, Solutions and Contribution …………………………… 27 4.4.1 Pollution Contribution ……………………………………27 4.4.2 Lessening Pollution ………………………………………… 28 4.4.3 Seminar about mitigation and its content ……………… … 30 4.4.4 Seminar about water conservation and its content … 32 4.4.5 Attending Seminars ……………………………………… 33 4.4.6 Donation for Laguna Lake ………………………………… 34 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION …………… 36 5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………………… 36 5.2 Recommendation REFERENCES ……………………………………………… 37 ……………………………………………………… 39 APPENDIX …………………………………………………………… 44 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Map of Laguna (Laguna De Bay: Environment Literacy) …… Figure Age Frequency from Rural and Urban areas ………………… 14 Figure Gender Distribution in Urban and Rural ………………… 15 Figure Marital Status of both Urban and Rural ………………………… 16 Figure Educational Attainment Graph Comparison of Urban and Rural areas …………………………………………… 16 Figure Employment Status of Rural and Urban in Graph form … 17 Figure Opinion about water quality in Laguna Lake ………………… 18 Figure Respondents answer on where they got the idea of water quality in Laguna Lake …………………………………………………………… 18 Figure Perspective of the respondents on Laguna Lake experiencing environmental problems …………………………………………… 19 Figure 10 Graph of Rural and Urban areas on the community is the reason why the lake is polluted …………………………………………………… 20 Figure 11 Canal in Cabuyao City, Philippines ……………………… 20 Figure 12 Water quality affects health and livelihood ……………… 21 Figure 13 Conserving of water in Rural and Urban Areas ……… 22 Figure 14 Sewage connection of Urban and Rural areas ……… 23 Figure 15 Fish have different taste …………………………………… 24 Figure 16 Reason why the taste of the fish is different ……………… 24 Figure 17 Sickness experienced for the last years until now ……… 25 Figure 18 caught any water borne diseases ……………………… 26 i Figure 19 contributing pollution ………………………………………28 Figure 20 Ways of Contributing Pollution Figure 21 Ways to lessen pollution ……………………… 28 ……………………………… 30 Figure 22 Seminar about Mitigation of Water Pollution ……………… 31 Figure 23 Content of Mitigation of Water Pollution Seminar ……… 31 Figure 24 Seminar about water conservation ……………………… 32 Figure 25 Contents of Water Conservation Seminar Figure 26 Attending Seminar …………….… 33 ………………………………….… 34 Figure 27 Donation for Laguna Lake …………………………… 35 ii LIST OF ABBREVIATION CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon USGS United States Geological Survey WWF World Wide Fund WHO World Health Organization EPHA European Public Health Alliance LGUs Local Government Units LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority MS EXCEL Microsoft Excel S.D Skin Diseases P.W.D Proper Waste Disposal iii Eniwetok.pdf (April 2011), 276–285 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-882565_15 Suryanarayana, T M V., & Mistry, P B (2016) Review of literature SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, (9789811006623), 27–37 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0663-0_3 Tan, A (2012) Current State of the Water Ecosystem of the Philippines [Blog] Water Pollution in the Philippines Available at: http://waterstuffinph.blogspot.com/2012/01/current-state-of-water-ecosystemof.html (Accessed on 02/04/2018) Varca, L (2012) Pesticide residues in surface waters of Pagsanjan-Lumban catchment of Laguna de Bay, Philippines Agricultural Water Management, 106, pp.35-41 Wang, M., Webber, M., Finlayson, B., & Barnett, J (2008) Rural industries and water pollution in China Journal of Environmental Management, 86(4), 648–659 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.019 Weis, A (n.d.) GNF - Laguna de Bay [online] Globalnature.org Available at: https://www.globalnature.org/35373/Living-Lakes/Asia/Laguna-deBay/resindex.aspx (Accessed on 05/04/2018) WHO, & Unicef (2000) Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report Water 87 Supply, http://doi.org/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/globalasse ss/en/ Woodford, C (2006/2017) Water Pollution Retrieved from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.html [Accessed on 28/05/2018] Online 39 Bralower, T., & Bice, D (n.d) Earth in the Future, Module 8: Distribution of Water on the Earth’s Surface https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/701 (Accessed on 25/07/2018) Environmental Pollution Centers https://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/water/ (2017) (Accessed on 25/07/2018) Vargas, V (2015), Laguna De Bay: Environmental Literacy https://ian.umces.edu/blog/2015/07/21/laguna-de-bay-philippinesenvironmental-literacy/ (Accessed on 21/08/2019) 40 APPENDICES Questionnaires: Household Respondents: 44 45 46 47 Key Informant: Health Worker 48 49 Key Informant: Agriculturist 50 51 Letters for the Mayors of Urban City and Rural Municipalities Rural 52 Urban 53 54 Photos taken at the interview: 55 The respondent in this picture is inside and not her son 56 ... DTN1454290108 Water Quality Awareness and its Impacts on Health and Thesis Title Livelihood in Urban and Rural Communities that surrounds Laguna Lake, Philippines Supervisor (s) Ms Ly Thi Thuy Duong (Vietnam);... local communities on the environmental pollution problems of Laguna Lake and the impacts on their health and livelihood; (2) compare the health and livelihood of local communities in urban and rural. .. communities in urban and rural areas related to water pollution in Laguna Lake? Are the local communities aware that Laguna Lake is facing environmental problems that can affect their health and livelihood?