Đáp án Đọc Tiếng Anh 6 EN40 Đại học Mở Hà Nội Đào tạo từ xa Ehou Trường Đại học Mở Hà Nội (Trường) được đổi tên từ Viện Đại học Mở Hà Nội được thành lập theo quyết định số 535TTg ngày 03 tháng 11 năm 1993 của Thủ tướng Chính phủ. Trường là cơ sở giáo dục đại học công lập hoạt động trong hệ thống các trường đại học quốc dân do Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo trực tiếp quản lý. Là cơ sở đào tạo đại học và nghiên cứu với các loại hình đào tạo từ xa, đào tạo tại chỗ nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu học tập đa dạng của xã hội, góp phần tăng tiềm lực cán bộ khoa học kỹ thuật cho đất nước. (Trích Quyết định 535TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ).
Đọc Tiếng Anh (EN40) Read the text and choose the best answer Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of a 32-yearold Although De Vany is sceptical of such assessments, he knows he's in good shape His former career as a professional baseball player may have something to with it, but he attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the lifestyles of our Palaeolithic ancestors What you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph? Chọn câu trả lời: a He believes he has inherited a strong body b He is older than he appears to be c He frequently tests his health d He works as a professional sports player Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint The word “hue" in paragraph is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: a size b shape c color d date Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors Chọn câu trả lời: a their size compared to that of modern man b the predictable frequency of physical activity c the long distances between neighbours’ homes d the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes Read the text and choose the best answer The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].' Of course, people vary De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a variety of terrains and climates Cordain points out that genetic differences between populations lead to different physical strengths East Africans, for example, seem to be better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters But human genetic similarity greatly outweighs the variations And because our genes have changed so very little since Palaeolithic times, if you want to be a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising like a caveman? The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is minimal Chọn câu trả lời: a FALSE b TRUE c NOT GIVEN Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: a view b control c assistance d taxation Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of our ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms of their… Chọn câu trả lời: a healthy mix of work and leisure activities b refusal to change their way of life c ability to withstand high temperatures d resistance to certain fatal illnesses Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should… Chọn câu trả lời: a exercise less frequently b exercise harder but for less time c give their muscles more time to recover from exercise d learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area The expression “right up” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: a all the way up b follow correct procedures c turn to the right d travel upstream Read the text and choose the best answer CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information Luggage We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach Seat Allocation Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point Special Diets If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel Accommodation Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page Entertainment Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel Your air tickets…… Chọn câu trả lời: a may be held by your coach driver b must be collected before leaving c will be enclosed with other documents d will be sent to your departure point Mô tả câu hỏi Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area A "steamer” in paragraph is probably Chọn câu trả lời: a A walkway b a bus c A park d A boat Read the text and choose the best answer Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy One hypothesis suggests that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two different points When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word and the other focuses on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families People with dyslexia often read in reverse Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint The expression "given rise to” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: a created a need for b brightened the color of c spurred the creation of d elevated the level of Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it There are………types of assignment to choose from Chọn câu trả lời: a b c d Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it You need to follow these steps: •Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document •Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate •Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it Choosing a topic Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD) There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must the work yourself You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs Topics must be based on…………… Chọn câu trả lời: a a real-life problem b safety and costs c computer-aided design d technology Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area The expression “right up” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: a travel upstream b all the way up c turn to the right d follow correct procedures Read the text and choose the best answer Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of large-scale environmental pollution Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already industrialised countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources In the paragraph, the writer argues that pollution… Chọn câu trả lời: a results from poor relations between nations b is caused by human self-interest and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system Chọn câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b FALSE c TRUE Read the text and choose the best answer The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s - some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’ To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland I would call it simply the Fence Why did the author visit Australia? Chọn câu trả lời: a to study Australian farming methods b to investigate how the fence was constructed c because he was interested in life around the fence d because he wanted to learn more about the wool industry Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include? a intensity and duration b ascending weights and descending repetitions c order and chaos d non-linear and dynamic Read the text and choose the best answer Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target And there is damage to property too Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate The technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico… Chọn câu trả lời: a receive funds from the same source b are using the same techniques c are employed by commercial companies d are in opposition to each other Read the text and choose the best answer Children’s books are surprisingly relevant to contemporary life Provided they are handled with care, few topics are considered off-limits for children One senses that children’s writers relish the chance to discuss the whole area of topics and language But Anne Fine, author of many award- winning children’s books is concerned that the British literati still ignore children’s culture ‘It’s considered worthy but boring,’ she says What is the main idea of this paragraph? a the undervaluing of children’s society b Children will read many books by an author that they like c Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book d the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books Read the text and choose the best answer ‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at more than a million Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence, placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers, should supplant the maze of private netting By 1960, three states joined their barriers to form a single dog fence Dingoes have flourished as a result of the sheep industry Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to define the Fence only in economic terms It marks the difference between profit and loss Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial dam, deflecting the flow of animals inside and out The ecological side effects appear most vividly at Sturt National Park In 1845, explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through these parts on a futile search for an inland sea For Sturt and other early explorers, it was a rare event to see a kangaroo Now they are ubiquitous for without a native predator the kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence Kangaroos are now cursed more than dingoes They have become the rivals of sheep, competing for water and grass In response state governments cull* more than three million kangaroos a year to keep Australia’s national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands Park officials, who recognise that the fence is to blame, respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying ‘The fence is there, and we have to live with it.’ How the park officials feel about the fence? a proud b philosophical c angry d pleased Read the text and choose the best answer Though most children are not diagnosed with dyslexia until they enter the school system, there are some early signs of the disability Toddlers who talk much later than average, have difficulty learning new words, or not understand the concept of rhyming may develop other dyslexic symptoms As children begin school, teachers are trained to look for warning signs, such as an inability to recognize2 letters or spaces between words on a page or difficulty following instructions given with more than one command at a time Properly screening children for dyslexia is important since other factors can limit reading abilities, including vision or hearing impairment, anxiety, or other neurological problems Which of the following is the sign of dyslexia mentioned in the passage? a difficulty turning the pages of a book b leaving big spaces between words c inability to give commands d trouble with new vocabulary (learning to talk at the later than normal age/ problems following directions) Read the text and choose the best answer Dyslexia is a type of learning disorder that can often be compensated for with therapy and motivational techniques Phonological training, which involves identifying and separating sound patterns, is the most common form of therapy used in the school system Depending on the severity of the disorder, dyslexic children are pulled from regular classroom activities in order to work one-onone with a language specialist Studies have shown that activity in the right temporoparietal cortex tends to increase after sufficient phonological training Improvements in visual focus can sometimes be achieved when students are given an eye patch to wear while they learn to read Encouraging children to use many senses while reading also has proven benefits Some teachers find that having students listen to a book on tape before reading the text can help with information processing as well Scientists are looking for a drug treatment for dyslexia Chọn câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b TRUE c FALSE Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe Chọn câu trả lời: a Writers’ theories of the reaction principle b The impact of the reaction principle c How the reaction principle d The first use of steam Read the text and choose the best answer A stumbling block However, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms a NOT GIVEN b FALSE c TRUE Read the text and choose the best answer Pollinators play a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia) Recent declines in honeybees and in other pollinator species around the world have raised concerns about future food production, and many scientists have called for increased study of the role of pollinators, the agricultural and environmental changes involved in the declines, as well as the economic and environmental effects and ways to prevent further declines Farmers in certain parts of the world have suffered economically because of the decline in the honeybee population Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one’s diet Drinking three cups of coffee a day…… a is harmful to the health b is good for the health c will probably not cause problems d may be recommended by a doctor Read the text and choose the best answer Flowering plants have evolved a variety of methods for signaling2 their usefulness to pollinators or for otherwise making their work easier Butterflies are attracted to flowers that are open during the day, are bright—typically red, yellow, or orange— and have a “landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land on Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species Hummingbirds are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar Moths are attracted by both color and scent Chọn câu trả lời: a FALSE b TRUE c NOT GIVEN Read the text and choose the best answer The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to define the Fence only in economic terms It marks the difference between profit and loss Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial dam, deflecting the flow of animals inside and out The ecological side effects appear most vividly at Sturt National Park In 1845, explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through these parts on a futile search for an inland sea For Sturt and other early explorers, it was a rare event to see a kangaroo Now they are ubiquitous for without a native predator the kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence Kangaroos are now cursed more than dingoes They have become the rivals of sheep, competing for water and grass In response state governments cull* more than three million kangaroos a year to keep Australia’s national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands Park officials, who recognise that the fence is to blame, respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying ‘The fence is there, and we have to live with it.’ The author does not agree with the culling of kangaroos Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north and east They forced the English king to acknowledge their control of much of England under the so-called Danelaw To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort The Vikings remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century To the south, the Vikings conquered France, moving swiftly up rivers in long boats, powered by oar and sail From 845 to 886, they surged up the Seine to attack Paris three times To stop the raids, French King Charles III the Simple in 911 offered the Viking chief Rollo territories in northwest France, called Normandy, after the Normans or “Northmen.” There they set up a powerful kingdom and, in 1066, under William, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold at the battle of Hastings in England When did Viking warriors defeat an English king? a 845 b 886 c 1066 d 866 Read the text and choose the best answer Though most children are not diagnosed with dyslexia until they enter the school system, there are some early signs of the disability Toddlers who talk much later than average, have difficulty learning new words, or not understand the concept of rhyming may develop other dyslexic symptoms As children begin school, teachers are trained to look for warning signs, such as an inability to recognize2 letters or spaces between words on a page or difficulty following instructions given with more than one command at a time Properly screening children for dyslexia is important since other factors can limit reading abilities, including vision or hearing impairment, anxiety, or other neurological problems Which of the following is the sign of dyslexia mentioned in the passage? Chọn câu trả lời: a learning to talk at a later than normal age b difficulty turning the pages of a book c leaving big spaces between words d inability to give commands Read the text and choose the best answer Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy One hypothesis suggests that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two different points When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word and the other focuses on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families There is a tendency for dyslexia between twins Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer The Fence stays away from towns Where it passes near a town, it has actually become a tourist attraction visited on bus tours It marks the traditional dividing line between cattle and sheep Inside, where the dingoes are legally classified as vermin, they are shot, poisoned and trapped Sheep and dingoes not mix and the Fence sends that message mile after mile What is this creature that by itself threatens an entire industry, inflicting several millions of dollars of damage a year despite the presence of the world’s most obsessive fence? Cousin to the coyote and the jackal, descended from the Asian wolf, Canis lupus dingo is an introduced species of wild dog Skeletal remains indicate that the dingo was introduced to Australia more than 3,500 years ago probably with Asian seafarers who landed on the north coast The adaptable dingo spread rapidly and in a short time became the top predator, killing off all its marsupial competitors The dingo looks like a small wolf with a long nose, short pointed ears and a bushy tail Dingoes rarely bark; they yelp and howl Standing about 22 inches at the shoulder - slightly taller than a coyote - the dingo is Australia’s largest land carnivore The dingo is indigenous to Australia Chọn câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b FALSE c TRUE Read the text and choose the best answer Plants have evolved a variety of methods to entice pollinators to their work Many produce nectar, a sugary substance that pollinators use as food A well- known example is the honeybee, which collects nectar as well as pollen for food When a bee enters one flower, it brushes against the anther, and pollen grains are picked up by the surface of its body When the bee enters a second flower and brushes against the stigma, some of that pollen comes in contact with the ovaries of the second plant, thus fertilizing it, resulting in seeds that contain genetic material from the male gametes of the first plant combined with the female reproductive organs of the second plant Most bees, butterflies, and moths, as well as certain species of bats and birds, are attracted to nectarproducing flowers Honeybees eat both nectar and pollen Chọn câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b FALSE c TRUE Read the text and choose the most suitable heading Once you have collected your source material you should then sketch out a plan Begin by writing three or four sentences, which provide a summary of the essay You can amend or add to the plan as you proceed and it provides a useful scaffold for your essay It also ensures that you cover all the main themes and that your essay focuses on the question Ideally you should plan to examine the question from all sides, presenting various views before reaching a conclusion based on the evidence Chọn câu trả lời: a The importance of focusing on the task Sai b Gathering source material c Open-ended essays d Writing a framework In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if, on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to several thousand Loss of ability to adapt a Paragraph D ( Natural disasters) b Paragraph B (An imbalance of the sexes) c Paragraph A (The haphazard nature of reproduction) d Paragraph C Read the text and choose the best answer Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks The word "they" in paragraph refers to…… Chọn câu trả lời: a male hummingbirds b meadows c females d territories Read the text and choose the best answer Dyslexia, also referred to as “specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a person’s ability to read and write Dyslexics have difficulty connecting visual symbols (i.e., letters) with their corresponding sounds Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory Dyslexia is the most common learning disability in children It is not related to intellectual ability, vision, or access to education Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children in North America suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell Dyslexia is usually diagnosed during a child’s first years of school Chọn câu trả lời: a FALSE b NOT GIVEN c TRUE Read the text and choose the best answer Though it is properly classified as a learning disability, dyslexia is commonly mistaken for a behavioral disorder Dyslexic children often exhibit behavior that seems abnormal but is caused by frustration at their own inability to perform at the same level as their peers Some studies show that attention deficit disorder co-occurs with dyslexia in up to 50 percent of cases In general, behavioral problems decline as dyslexic students are diagnosed and begin to receive treatment Other learning disabilities are neurologically linked to dyslexia, including dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and dyspraxia People who suffer from dyscalculia can usually perform difficult mathematical tasks, but have trouble with formulas or basic addition and subtraction Dysgraphia prevents people from writing in an organized manner Dyspraxia impedes the performance of routine tasks that involve balance and fine motor skills Dyslexia in children is often accompanied by behavioral problems Chọn câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b FALSE c TRUE Read the text and choose the best answer The woolgrowers’ war against dingoes, which is similar to the sheep ranchers’ rage against coyotes in the US, started not long after the first European settlers disembarked in 1788, bringing with them a cargo of sheep Dingoes officially became outlaws in 1830 when governments placed a bounty on their heads Today bounties for problem dogs killing sheep inside the Fence can reach $500 As pioneers penetrated the interior with their flocks of sheep, fences replaced shepherds until, by the end of the 19th century, thousands of miles of barrier fencing crisscrossed the vast grazing lands ‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at more than a million When did the authorities first acknowledge the dingo problem? Chọn câu trả lời: a 1960 b 1830 c 1845 d 1788 Read the text and choose the best answer The main growth area has been the market for eight to fourteen-year-olds, and there is little doubt that the boom has been fuelled by the bespectacled apprentice, Harry Potter So influential has J K Rowling’s series of books been that they have helped to make reading fashionable for pre-teens ‘Harry made it OK to be seen on a bus reading a book,’ says Cooling ‘To a child, that is important.’ The current buzz around the publication of the fourth Harry Potter beats anything in the world of adult literature What is the main idea of this paragraph? a an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children b Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book c Children will read many books by an author that they like d the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books Read the text and choose the best answer The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at more than a million Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence, placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers, should supplant the maze of private netting By 1960, three states joined their barriers to form a single dog fence Dingoes are known to attack humans Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Read the text and choose the best answer Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks It can be inferred from the passage that the broad-tailed hummingbirds' eggs and chicks are most vulnerable to attacks by …… Chọn câu trả lời: a Squirrels b Humans c Insects d Birds ... called “Vinland.” Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866 , a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north and east They... eleventh century When was Eric the Red convicted of a crime? Chọn câu trả lời: a 980 b 841 c 998 d 866 Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness,... idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1 960 s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge