Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học EN11 Elearning ĐH Mở

EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học ……… distinguishes between the three closely connected components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic sign, 2) the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e the part or aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign refers a Referential Approach b Referred Approach c Referent Approach d Referring Approach ……… exist in language and are reproduced in speech as ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in speech every time we need them a Set phrases b Set expressions c Set sayings d Set terms ……… lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g a Specialization b Special c Specialized d Specializing ……… may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking) a Inflective suffixes b Inflectionally suffixes c Inflectional suffixes d Inflection suffixes ……… related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments people use However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the meaning of the non-converted words For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that hangs from the waist a Conversion employing a vast number of words b Conversion employ a vast number of words c Conversion is employed a vast number of words d Conversion employs a vast number of words EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học ………, some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t With a few exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather independent of the stem a Preceding a verb stem b Precedence a verb stem c Precede a verb stem d To precede a verb stem A compound is a unit of vocabulary which ……… more than one lexical stem The resulting compound functions as a single item with specific meaning and grammar a Consists in b Consists with c Consists by d Consists of A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because ……… a It is always bound to something else b It is always bound by something else c It is always bound for something else d It is always bound with something else A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as being the same as another thing for rhetorical effect It may provide ……… hidden similarities between two ideas Where a compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile a.Clarity or identification b.Clarifying or identify c.Clarity or identifying d.Clarity or identify 10 A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with ……… But unlike a word it is not autonomous Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme a A giving sound pattern b A given sound model c A given sound track d A given sound pattern EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 11 A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and ………, cf to hearten – to dishearten It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep a Modifying meaning b Modifier meaning c Modificative meaning d Modification meaning 12 A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds Ablaut is a term defining ……… of two elements, e.g zigzag; or tick-tock Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress interjections a Vowel changed or alternation b Vowel change or alternating c Vowel changing or alternation d Vowel change or alternation 13 A suffix is a ……… following the stem and forming a new derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, cf – en, – y, – less in hearten, hearty, heartless a Derivative morpheme b Derived morpheme c Derivation morpheme d Derivational morpheme 14 A word is a minimum free form A morpheme is said to be either bound or free This statement should be taken with caution It means that ……… forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free forms a Some morphemes are capable of b Some morphemes are capable for c Some morphemes are capable for d Some morphemes are capable about 15 According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes ……… into prefixes, suffixes and infixes a The last are further subdivided, according to their position b The latest are further subdivided, according to their position c The later are further subdivided, according to their position d The latter are further subdivided, according to their position EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 16 All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential concepts of meaning The best known referential model of meaning is ……… a.The then-called "basic triangle" b.The too-called "basic triangle" c.The first-called "basic triangle" d.The so-called "basic triangle" 17 An infix is ……… placed with in the word, like – n – in stand The type is not productive a An affixation b An affix c An affixational d A affix 18 An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of speech it belongs This holds true ……… i.e nouns, verbs, adjectives Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e roots capable of producing new words, usually are a Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech, b Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech, c Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech, d Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech, 19 Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree, tiger) have no antonyms Usually adjectives denoting qualities, verbs ……… actions or state and abstract nouns have antonyms a Denotation b Denoting c Denotative d Denotational 20 Blending is also a new, trendy and ……… which “blends”, i.e joins fragments of two or more words to create a new form The meaning is being retained Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are recognisable a Eye-caught process b Eye-catched process c Eye-catch process d Eye-catching process 21 Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau words” ……… fragments of two or more words a Which consist in b.Which consist with c Which consist on d Which consist of EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 22 Clipping is ……… in English language which “economises” words Clipping “clips”, i.e shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original meaning Basically, any part of the word may be clipped: a A relative new trend b A relation new trend c A related new trend d A relatively new trend 23 Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability ……… that neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor the new version provide for any objective criterion of similarity of meaning a It should be pointed with b It should be pointed out c It should be pointed about d It should be pointed at 24 Denotation expresses a notion Denotation is objective, it reflects objective reality through notions The other part of meaning may express ……… of the speaker to the object of speech, or it may characterize the role of the speaker in the process of communication a.A personal attitude 25 Derivational suffixes ……… of the original word: they may change the word class, specify the word or generalise it Most scholars recognise suffixes forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs a Effective modify the meaning b Effectively modify the meaning c Effection modify the meaning d Effectiveness modify the meaning 26 Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the ……… time a Presented b Presentation c Present d Presenting 27 Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order With nonalphabetic languages, it may be different The order in a dictionary with ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often troublesome and ……… because each character has different readings a Controversy b Controversiality c Controversial d Controversialy EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 28 General lexicography ………, use and evaluation of general dictionaries, i.e dictionaries that provide a description of the language in general use Such a dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP dictionary (Language for General Purpose) a Focuses at the design, compilation b Focuses about the design, compilation c Focuses onto the design, compilation d Focuses on the design, compilation 29 General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary ……… the specific features of any particular language a Irrespective with b Irrespective for c Irrespective from d Irrespective of 30 Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the grammatical ……… of language a Results b Reasons c Structure d Causes 31 Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……… of the vocabulary and the changes it has undergone Ex In descriptive lexicology the words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc But in historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words a The developed b Develop c Developing d The development 32 If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the word’s lexical meaning ………, the reason why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem stands explained a By mark the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs b By marked the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs c By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs d By marker the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 33 In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms, characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and remedies for it, ways of infection, etc Though, ………, it is with linguistic dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and in our further consideration a Strictly speak b Strictly speaking c Strict speaking d Strict speak 34 It is easily observed that the sound form of the word is not ……… There is no inherent connection between the sound cluster [d/\v] and the meaning of the word dove a Identication with its meaning b Identity with its meaning c Identical with its meaning d Identified with its meaning 35 It may be easily ……… that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same a Observing b Observation c Observed d Observe 36 It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous with the word This fact is of fundamental importance as ……… arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic system on the other a It is one of the most specifiable features of the English language b It is one of the most specific features of the English language c It is one of the most specification features of the English language d It is one of the most specified features of the English language 37 Lexical meaning is not indivisible, it ……… in three components: denotational, connotational, and pragmatic b may be analyzed 38 Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and making ……… of each other’s achievements a Usefulness b Useful c Use d Useless EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 39 Lexicology also ……… all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields) a Learns b Does c Studies d Deal 40 Lexicology is …………derivational affixes, the other group being the domain of grammarians The derivational affixes in fact, as well as the whole problem of word-formation, form a boundary area between lexicology and grammar and are therefore studied in both a Primarily concerned by b Primarily concerned to c Primarily concerned of d Primarily concerned with 41 Lexicology is ……… with words, variable word-groups, phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words a Relation b Dealt c Concerned d Getting on 42 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the ……… of language a Technology b Research c Calculation d Science 43 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the ……… of a language a Parts of speech b Vocabulary c Semantics d Grammar 44 Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that most morphemes possess ……… we imply mainly the root-morphemes in such words a Lexical meaning b Lexical meanness c Lexical means d Lexical meaningful EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 45 Metaphor : a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden comparison between the object/ notion ……… denoted by the word and the object/notion in question.) Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech a Generally b General c Generalized d Generalizing 46 Motivation denotes the relationship between ……… and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other Motivation can be of three types: morphological, phonetical and sematic a The phonetic or morphemic composition b The phonemic or morphemic composition c The phonemic or morpheme composition d The phoneme or morphemic composition 47 Nowadays there is no of the meaning, or rather a definition all the basic features of meaning and being simultaneously time operational a Universe accepted definition b Universal accepted definition c Universally accepting definition d.Universally accepted definition 48 One part of meaning expressing a notion is called denotation ……… establishes correlation between the name and the object, process or characteristic feature of concrete reality (or thought) which is denoted by the given word b.Denotational meaning 49 Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed meaning but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning cannot be ……… the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure a Deduced with b Deduced by c Deduced from d Deduced away 50 Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts They are ……… or, putting it another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts a Motivated units b Motivation units c Motivating units d Motivative units EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 51 Phraseology is the study of set expressions called phraseological units These "set expressions are ……… idiomatic and reproduced in speech as ready- made units a Completely or partially b Completely or partial c Completeness or partially d Complete or partially 52 Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements The major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g flower-power; or brain-drain Formation of ……… compounds is a very productive process excessively used in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in everyday speech a Rhyme-motivating b Rhyme-motivate c Rhyme-motivated d Rhyme-motivation 53 Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a given stage of its development A root may be also regarded as the ultimate constituent element which remains ……… all functional and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis a After the removal for b After the removal of c After the move of d After the removing of 54 Some English words can change their word class ……… their form Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g a Mother) or as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections Such change of a word class without any derivative means is called conversion a Without changing their form b Without being changing their form c Without any change their form d Without being changed their form Câu trả lời không 55 The ……… go, goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meanings of tense, person, number, but in each form they have one and the same semantic component denoting 'the process of movement' a word-formations b word-formating c word-formings d word-forms 10 EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 56 The ……… is the meaning proper to the given linguistic unit in all its forms and a lexically meaning b lexical meaning c lexicology meaning d lexicological meaning 57 The basic principle of ……… is that words not exist in isolation The meanings of words are defined through the sense relations they have with other words a A structural semantic approach b A structural semantics approach c A structural semasiological approach d A structural semasiology approach 58 The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of meaning is called semasiology Meaning is a realization of a notion or a motion ……… definite language system a In means of b By means of c Through means of d For means of 59 The definition of the meaning is especially difficult ……… the process by which language and human consciousness serve to reflect the reality and adopt it to human needs a Due onto the complexity of b Due at the complexity of a.Due to the complexity of d Due for the complexity of 60 The modern approach to ……… the assumption that the inner form of the word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of the word a Semasiology is based at b Semasiology is based on c Semasiology is based onto d Semasiology is based with 61 The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very specific ……… by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both among root morphemes and affixes a Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced b Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced c Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced d Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced 11 EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 62 The subjective part of meaning is the connotation of the word ……… are subjective, they characterize the speaker, his attitude, his social role There are four types of connotation: a Connotate b Connotative c Connotatively d Connotations 63 The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme Linguists to ……… or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek suffix – eme (Cf phoneme, sememe) The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form a Denoting the smallest unit b Denotative the smallest unit c Denote the smallest unit d Denotation the smallest unit 64 There are many different types of English dictionaries First of all they may all be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic and linguistic The two groups of ……… differ essentially in the choice of items included and in the sort of information given about them a Referential b Reference books c Referent d Referring books 65 Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms ………, it will be remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes being «fixed after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem It also concerns their function and meaning a The difference between suffixation and prefixes b The difference between suffixes and prefixation c The difference between suffixals and prefixes d The difference between suffixes and prefixes 12 .. .EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học ………, some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and an intransitive... giving sound pattern b A given sound model c A given sound track d A given sound pattern EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 11 A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and ………, cf to... to their position d The latter are further subdivided, according to their position EN11 – Từ vựng ngữ nghĩa học 16 All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential concepts