Thông tin tài liệu
submitting jobs (simple
SUBMIT procedure),
513
SYSDATE function
default output, 176
table creation (MyTable),
457
tables (message queue),
594
TO_DATE function, 164
TO_DATE function errors,
164
TO_DATE function with-
ing PL/SQL code, 165
trigger example, 295
truncating
SYSDATE to nearest
quarter, 178
time from SYSDATE,
177
user_errors view, 196
varrays
adding data to, 283
declaring, 282
viewing executing jobs,
519
viewing job information,
525
viewing your own jobs,
519
WHILE loop as part of a
function, 137
WHILE loop function exe-
cution, 138
WHILE loop that does
execute, 135
WHILE loop that never
executes, 135
writing blocks, 15
LN function, 158
loading Java classes,
563-565
loadjava command, 563
LOBs (large object
datatypes), 402
appending to one another,
417, 425-427
assigning locator to, 419
BFILE, 402
accessing external files,
404-405
functions, 406
limitations, 405
see also external files
BLOB, 402
assigning locator to,
419
CLOB, 402
adding data to tables,
423-424
comparing, 417-418
copying, 418, 424-425
erasing, 419, 429
extracting from, 422,
427-428
functions
APPEND, 416-417,
425-427
BFILENAME, 406-407
COMPARE, 406-408,
416-418
COPY, 416, 418,
424-425
EMPTY_BLOB, 416,
419
EMPTY_CLOB, 416,
419
ERASE, 416, 419, 429
FILECLOSE, 406, 408
FILECLOSEALL, 406,
408
FILEEXISTS, 406,
408-409
FILEGETNAME, 406,
409
FILEISOPEN, 406,
409-410
FILEOPEN, 410
GETLENGTH, 406,
410, 416, 420
INSTR, 406, 410-411,
416, 420, 427-428
READ, 406, 411, 416,
421
SUBSTR, 406, 412,
422, 427-428
TRIM, 416, 422,
428-429
WRITE, 416, 422,
425-427
locators, 416
matching patterns in, 420,
427-428
NCLOB, 402
reading into buffers, 421
returning length, 420
trimming, 422, 428-429
writing to, 422, 425-427
locators, 416
returning, 160
LOCK TABLE statement,
233
syntax, 233
locking, 443-444, 449
DBMS LOCK package,
446-448
ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
function, 446
CONVERT function,
447-448
RELEASE function,
448-449
REQUEST function,
446-447
SLEEP function, 449
dictionaries, 449
distributed, 449
explicit, 445
internal, 449
locking 677
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monitoring locks, 449
rows, 445
tables, 443-444
exclusive mode, 444
row exclusive mode,
444
row share mode, 444
share lock mode, 444
share row exclusive
mode, 444
LOG function, 158
logarithms, returning, 158
logic errors, 378-379
nonterminating loops, 380
order of operations, 379
logical operators, 76-78
AND, 77
nulls, 89
syntax, 77
NOT, 76-77
nulls, 89
syntax, 76
OR, 77-78
expressions using, 78
nulls, 89
syntax, 77
login_denied exception, 208
logs, maintaining with trig-
gers, 304-306
LONG datatype, 46
syntax, 46
LONG RAW datatype, 47
syntax, 47
LOOP loops, 144, 146
example, 144
EXIT statements with, 144
syntax, 143
loops, 121
CURSOR FOR, 254
debugging, 136
FOR, 121-122, 146
common errors, 124
EXIT statement, 140
listing, 121
nesting, 121
guidelines, 147
incrementing through,
123-124
listing, 123
infinite, 144, 380
jumping into (GOTO), 130
labels, 142-143
changing execution
order, 143
listing, 142
syntax, 142
LOOP, 144, 146
example, 144
EXIT statements with,
144
syntax, 143
nesting, 148
order of execution, 125
REPEAT UNTIL,
144-146
example, 145
simulating, 145
reversing, 122-123
listing, 122
selecting, 146
spacing, 148
style tips, 148-149
FOR loop confusing
style, 148
FOR loop suggested
style, 148
terminating, 121, 138
WHILE, 134-135,
137-138, 146
examples, 134-135,
137-138
EXIT statement, 139
EXIT WHEN state-
ment, 140
in functions, 137-138
stepping through, 136
syntax, 134
LOWER function, 157
LPAD function, 157
LTRIM function, 157
LUB function, 160
M
MAP method, 366
MAX function, 160
messages
AQ (Advanced Queuing),
587
delay, 587
expiration, 587
repository, 588
queuing, 591
defining payload types,
591-592
placing messages in,
598-604
queue tables, creating,
592-595
queues, creating,
595-597
retrieving messages
from, 604-608
starting/stopping,
597-598
methods, 336
accessor, 342
constructor, 341
referencing, 347
index-by tables, 271-274
MAP, 366
mutator, 342
ORDER, 364-366
publishing, calling Java
from PL/SQL, 571-573
SELF parameter, 361-362
listing, 362
specifying, 362
678 locking
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SSThresh
calling from PL/SQL,
567-568
calling from
SQL*Plus, 566-567
publishing, 565-566
MIN function, 160
minus sign (-)
negation operator, 65, 67
subtraction operator, 65
MLSLABEL datatype
defining output variables,
462
VARIABLE_VALUE pro-
cedure, 469
MOD function, 158
MODE statement, 103
IN, 103
IN OUT, 103
OUT, 103
monitoring locks, 449
MONTHS_BETWEEN
function, 159, 182
syntax, 182
MSLABEL datatype
(syntax), 48
mutating tables (triggers),
320-323, 326-328
workaround example,
323-324
mutator methods, 342
mypi function listing, 107
N
naming
cursors, 247
functions, 101
pipes, 545
stored functions, 106
variables, 35
mixed case, 397
preceding with v_ or
p_, 397
NCLOB datatype (National
Character Large Object),
402
nested blocks, 15
nested tables, 274
declaring, 275
entries
adding to, 275-278
removing, 279-281
extending, 277-278
initializing, 276-277
nesting
blocks, 54
listing, 54-55
FOR loops, 121
listing, 122
functions, 55-56
IF statements, 115-117
listing, 116
syntax, 115
vs IF ELSIF state-
ment, 119
loops, 148
order of execution, 125
objects, 350
dot notation, 356-357
visibility, 358
procedures, 55-56
networks, performance
(SQL limitations), 8
NEW_LINE procedure, 497
NEW_TIME function, 159,
183-184
syntax, 183
NEXTVAL pseudocolumns,
241
NEXT_DATE procedure,
521
NEXT_DAY function, 159,
179-181
syntax, 179
NEXT_ITEM_TYPE func-
tion, 545
NLS parameters (jobs), 515
NLSSORT function, 157
NLS_CHARSET_ID func-
tion, 160
NLS_CHARSET_NAME
function, 160
NLS_INITCAP function,
157
NLS_LOWER function, 157
NLS_UPPER function, 157
non-query statements, 454,
456-460
binding variables, 455
closing cursor, 456
DBMS_SQL pkg and, 454
executing statements, 456
opening cursor, 454
parsing, 454-455
NOT operator, 76-77
nulls, 89
syntax, 76
Notepad, cutting and past-
ing blocks from, 18
not_logged_on exception,
208
no_data_found exception,
208, 232
NULL statement (uses), 110
nulls
AND operator, 89
checking for, 90
IF statement, 90
in expressions, 86-89, 91
listing, 88
specifying alternate
values, 91
three-valued logic, 87
treating as specific val-
ues, 91
nulls 679
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NOT operator, 89
OR operator, 89
NUMBER datatype, 38
defining output variables,
461
syntax, 39-40
VARIABLE_VALUE
procedure, 468
NUMBER datatype:
subtypes, 40-41
number functions, 158
ABS, 158
ACOS, 158
ASIN, 158
ATAN, 158
ATAN2, 158
CEIL, 158
COS, 158
COSH, 158
EXP, 158
FLOOR, 158
LN, 158
LOG, 158
MOD, 158
POWER, 158
ROUND, 158
SIGN, 158
SIN, 158
SINH, 158
SQRT, 158
TAN, 158
TANH, 158
TRUNC, 158
numbers
absolute values, returning,
158
arc cosines, returning, 158
arc sines, returning, 158
arc tangents, returning,
158
converting to strings,
174-175
converting strings to, 159,
168-173
format masks, 169-170
NLS parameters, 170
converting to strings, 159
cosines, returning, 158
determining negative/
positive/zero, 158
dividing (returning
remainders), 158
exponentiation, 158
factorials, 150
FACTORIAL function,
150
hyperbolic cosines, return-
ing, 158
hyperbolic sines, return-
ing, 158
hyperbolic tangents,
returning, 158
logarithms, 158
raising to powers, 158
rounding, 158
sines, returning, 158
square roots, 158
tangents, returning, 158
truncating, 158
NVL function, 91, 160
O
object identifiers, 349, 358
Object Navigator
(Procedure Builder), 24
object tables, 337, 349,
351-356
creating, 350
deleting objects from,
356
inserting objects,
351-352
retrieving/updating
data, 352-356
versus column storage,
368
object types, 337
defining, 337, 339-343
accessor methods, 342
constructor methods,
341
mutator methods, 342
syntax, 340-341
methods, 368
see also classes
object views, 337
object-oriented program-
ming, see OOP
objects, 336
comparing, 363-366
MAP method, 366
ORDER method,
364-366
deleting from object
tables, 356
instantiating, 336, 343-345
methods (SELF parame-
ter), 361-362
nesting, 350
dot notation, 356-357
visibility, 358
Oracle limitations, 367
overloading functions, 363
package (private versus
public), 205
referencing, 358-359, 361
DREF operator, 359,
361
object identifiers, 358
REF operator, 359, 361
retrieving
from columns, 347-349
from object tables,
352-353
storing
as columns, 345-347
object tables, 349,
351-356
updating
from columns, 347-349
from object tables,
352-356
680 nulls
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OOP (object-oriented pro-
gramming), 335-336
advantages, 336
attributes, 336
classes, 336
encapsulation, 334-335
benefits, 368
inheritance, 335
methods, 336
SELF parameter,
361-362
objects, 336
Oracle limitations, 367
overloading, 363
polymorphism, 335-336
OPEN command, 249
OPEN FOR statement,
258-259
opening cursors, 248-249
OPEN command, 249
opening files, 494
OPEN_CURSOR function,
454
operands, 64
operators, 64-73, 75-79
arithmetic, 65-67
addition (+), 65
division (/), 65
exponentiation (**),
65-66
identity (+), 65, 67
multiplication (*), 65
negation (-), 65, 67
subtraction (-), 65
binary, 65
comparison, 68-70, 72-74
BETWEEN, 68, 72
dates, 82-83
equality (=), 68
IN, 68, 72-73
inequality (!), 68
inequality (=), 68
IS NULL, 68, 74, 90
less than (<), 68
less than/equal to (<=),
68
LIKE, 68, 70-71
strings, 79-81
DREF, 359, 361
listing, 360
logical, 76-78
AND, 77
NOT, 76-77
OR, 77-78
order of execution (logic
errors), 379
precedence, 84-85
parentheses, 85
REF, 359, 361
listing, 359
relational (sample expres-
sions), 69
string, 78-79
concatenation (||),
78-79
LIKE, 78
unary, 65
VALUE, 354
OR operator, 77-78
expressions using, 78
nulls, 89
syntax, 77
Oracle
databases (obtaining for
exercises), 12
Developer 2000
(Procedure Builder),
24-28
Web site, 12
Oracle Enterprise Server
(SQLPlus Worksheet), 11
Oracle Technology Network,
see OTN
ORDER method, 364-366
order of operations (logic
errors), 379
others exception, 208
OTN (Oracle Technology
Network), 12
OUT arguments, calling
Java from PL/SQL,
575-578
output variables
dbms output.put line()
procedure, 17
defining, 461-463
CHAR datatype, 462
DATE datatype, 462
MLSLABEL datatype,
462
NUMBER datatype,
461
RAW datatype, 462
ROWID datatype, 462
VARCHAR2 datatype,
462
overloaded functions, 178
overloading, 363
advantages, 199-200
body, 199, 201-202
creating, 202-203
cursors, 256-257
return clause, 257
DBMS LOCK, 446-448
ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
function, 446
CONVERT function,
447-448
RELEASE function,
448-449
REQUEST function,
446-447
SLEEP function, 449
DBMS OUTPUT, 25, 484
disabling, 485
enabling, 484-485
reading from, 487-490
writing to, 486-487
DBMS_ALERT, 532
see also alerts
DBMS_JOB, 510
overloading 681
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DBMS_LOB
external LOB func-
tions, 406
internal LOB func-
tions, 416
DBMS_OUTPUT, 491
debugging with, 383,
385
exceptions raised by,
491
DBMS_PIPE, 543-546
functions, 545, 555
procedures, 545,
553-555
DBMS_SQL
anon blocks, 467, 469
error handling func-
tions, 471
non-query statements,
454, 456-460
queries, 460-461,
463-467
DEBUG, 385-387
creating components,
386-387
DEBUG.ERASE pro-
cedure, 388
DEBUG.OUT proce-
dure, 387
declaring, 240-241
dependency, 206
guidelines, 200
invoking, 203
objects, private versus
public, 205
packages, 199, 201-206
procedures, 197
recompiling, 204-205
specification, 199-200
variable declarations,
240
state, 205
subprograms, 199
calling, 203-204
TEXT IO, 25
UTL_FILE, 491, 496-497
clearing buffer, 500
P
PACK_MESSAGE proce-
dure, 545-547
PACK_MESSAGE_RAW
procedure, 553-554
PACK_MESSAGE_ROWID
procedure, 554
parameters
assigning values, 105
CREATE PROCEDURE
command, 191
cursors
declaring, 248
initializing, 248
passing to, 247
scope, 256
defining, 102-103
referencing tables, 103
syntax, 103
dropping queue tables,
609
enqueuing messages,
602-604
event triggers, defining,
312
granting revoking queue
access, 609
job definitions, 516
message queues, creating,
596-597
modes, 103
IN, 103
IN OUT, 103
OUT, 103
NLS (jobs), 515
Passing to functions, 111
procedures, 195
parameter definitions,
195
SELF, 361-362
listing, 362
specifying, 362
triggers, 298-299,
312-313, 318-319
condition, 299, 313,
318
correlation names,
299-300, 318
declarations, 299, 313,
318
instead-of, 318
pl/sql code, 299, 313,
318
table name, 299, 318
verb list, 298, 318
parentheses ( ), operator
precedence, 85
PARSE procedure, 454
parsing statements, 454-455
queries, 461
payload, AQ (Advanced
Queuing), 587
payload types, defining
(message queuing),
591-592
percent sign (%) (wildcard
character), 70
performance, network (SQL
limitations), 8
pipes
clearing message buffer,
554
creating, 546, 550-551
moving messages to
buffer, 548
multiple sessions, 544
naming, 545
operation of, 544
private, 544
public, 543
682 overloading
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RAW data
PACK_MESSAGE_
RAW procedure,
553-554
UNPACK_
MESSAGE_RAW
procedure, 554
readers, 543
reading data from,
551-553
removing, 549-550, 553
removing all data from,
555
retrieving message from
buffer, 548-549
rowids
decoding, 554
sending, 554
sending data to, 547
size, 545
versus alerts, 555-557
writers, 543
PL/SQL, 10
block structure, 13
compiling and execut-
ing blocks, 15-17
syntax, 14-15
blocks, alternatives to
retyping, 18-20
calling from Java (SQLJ),
578-579
calling procedures and
functions, 580, 582
executing blocks,
578-579
calling Java from, 569
datatype compatibility,
574-575
Employee class,
569-570
methods, publishing,
571-573
OUT and IN OUT
arguments, 575-578
calling methods
(SSThresh), 567-568
output (dbms output.put
line() procedure), 17
processing benefits, 9
platform independence
(PL/SQL benefits), 9
Platinum Technology Inc.
Web site, 11
PLS_INTEGER datatype,
43
syntax, 44
plus sign (+)
addition operator, 65
identity operator, 65, 67
pointers (cursors), 246
pointers, see locators
polling (alerts), setting time
interval, 536
polymorphism, 335-336
portability (PL/SQL bene-
fits), 9
POWER function, 158
powers, raising numbers to,
158
precedence, operators,
84-85
parentheses, 85
predefined exceptions
invalid_cursor, 232
no_data_found, 232
too_many_rows, 232
value_error, 232
when_others, 232
predefined Oracle errors,
207-209
cursor_already_open, 208
dup_val_on_index, 208
invalid_cursor, 208
invalid_number, 208
login_denied, 208
not_logged_on, 208
no_data_found, 208
others, 208
program_error, 208
storage_error, 208
timeout_on_resource, 208
too_many_rows, 208
transaction_backed_out,
208
value_error, 208
zero_divide, 208
private objects (packages),
205
private pipes, 544
creating, 546, 550-551
privileges, database (exer-
cise completion require-
ments), 12
Procedural Language/
Structured Query
Language, see PL/SQL
procedural languages, 10
procedure blocks, 51
syntax, 52-53
Procedure Builder (Oracle
Developer 2000), 24-28
database connections,
27-28
PL/SQL interpreter, 25-26
SS THRESH function,
creating, 26
starting, 24
procedures, 190, 192-195,
197, 199
AQ (Advanced Queueing),
608
dropping queue tables,
609
dropping queues, 608
queue access,
granting/revoking,
609-610
BROKEN, 522
procedures 683
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CHANGE, 520
CLOSE_CURSOR, 456
COLUMN_VALUE, 463
creating, 190, 192
debugging information,
193
declarative part, 190
defining, 52-53
listing, 53
dependencies, discovering,
192
exception-handling part,
190
executable part, 190
FCLOSE, exceptions
raised by, 494
FCLOSEALL, exceptions
raised by, 494
FCLOSE_ALL, 494
FFLUSH, 500
exceptions raised by,
498
INTERVAL, 521
nesting, 55-56
NEW_LINE, 497
NEXT_DATE, 521
overloading, 197
PACK_MESSAGE,
545-547
PACK_MESSAGE_RAW,
553-554
PACK_MESSAGE_
ROWID, 554
parameters (definitions),
195
PARSE, 454
PURGE, 545, 555
PUT, 497
exceptions raised by,
498
PUTF, 498
exceptions raised by,
498
PUT_LINE, 498
exceptions raised by,
498
re-creating, 194
listing, 194
recursive, 197, 199
terminating conditions,
198
REGISTER, 534
REMOVE, 535
REMOVEALL, 536
replacing, 194
RESET_BUFFER, 545,
554
RETURN statement, 192
RUN, 514-515
SET_DEFAULTS, 536
SIGNAL, 533
stored, 190
creating, 191
dropping, 197
invoking, 194, 199
listing information, 195
recompiling, 193-194
SUBMIT, 512, 514
parameters, 512
swapn (listing), 57-58
UNPACK_MESSAGE,
545, 548-549
UNPACK_MESSAGE_
RAW, 554
UNPACK_MESSAGE_
ROWID, 554
uses, 190
VARIABLE_VALUE
CHAR datatype, 468
DATE datatype, 468
MLSLABEL datatype,
469
NUMBER datatype,
468
RAW datatype, 468
ROWID datatype, 469
VARCHAR2 datatype,
468
versus functions, 190
WAITANY, 535
WAITONE, 534
WHAT, 521
processing (PL/SQL bene-
fits), 9
producers, 586
AQ (Advanced Queuing),
587
program code, see listings
program_error exception,
208
propagate exceptions, 214
propagation, AQ (Advanced
Queuing), 587-588
pseudocolumns, 241
CURRVAL and
NEXTVAL, 241
ROWID, 242
ROWNUM, 242
public objects (packages),
205
public pipes, 543
creating, 550-551
publishing
methods, calling Java from
PL/SQL, 571-573
SSThresh method, creat-
ing Java procedures,
565-566
PURGE procedure, 545, 555
PUT command, 193
PUT procedure, 497
exceptions raised by, 498
PUTF procedure, 498
exceptions raised by, 498
PUT_LINE command, 193
listing, 193
PUT_LINE procedure, 498
exceptions raised by, 498
684 procedures
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Q
queries, 460-461, 463-467
binding variables, 461
closing cursor, 466
counting rows returned,
160
defining output variables,
461-463
CHAR datatype, 462
DATE datatype, 462
RAW datatype, 462
ROWID datatype, 462
executing (SQL*Plus), 10
executing statements, 463
fetching rows, 463
parsing statements, 461
reading results into vari-
ables, 463-465
SELECT statement exam-
ple, 466-467
Quest Software Web site, 11
queuing
AQ (Advanced Queuing),
585-586, 608
agents, 587
consumers, 587
control data, 587
deferred messaging0,
587
delay, 587
dequeue, 587
disconnected messag-
ing, 587
dropping queue tables,
609
dropping queues, 608
enqueue, 587
granting/revoking
access, 609-610
message repository,
588
messages, 587
expiration, 587
payload, 587
producers, 587
propagation, 587-588
sample scenario, 590
server configuration,
588-589
transaction support,
588
transparency, 588
message queuing, 591
defining payload types,
591-592
queue tables, creating,
592-595
queues, creating,
595-597
placing messages in
queues, 598, 602
parameters, 602-604
record types, 599-602
retrieving messages from
queues, 604, 606
dequeuing change mes-
sages, 606-608
record types, 604-606
starting/stopping queues,
597-598
R
raising exceptions, 214
RAW datatype, 46
defining output variables,
462
syntax, 47
VARIABLE_VALUE pro-
cedure, 468
RAWTOHEX function, 159
READ function (LOBs),
416, 421
BFILE, 406, 411
read-only transactions, 438
read-write transactions, 438
readers (pipes), 543
reading from DBMS OUT-
PUT package (syntax),
487-490
RECEIVE_MESSAGE
function, 545, 548
recompiling
packages, 204-205
stored procedures,
193-194
record variables
%rowtype attribute, 236
cursor-based, 239
declaring, 234-235
table-based, 236
records
attributes (%TYPE),
235-236
dequeuing messages, 604
DEQUEUE_OPTIONS
_T, 605-606
enqueing messages,
599-602
AQ$_AGENT, 601
AQ$_RECIPIENT_
LIST_T, 602
ENQUEUE_OPTIONS
_T, 600
referencing fields (dot
notation), 237
recursive functions, 149
FACTORIAL, 150
testing, 151
uses, 152
recursive procedures, 197,
199
terminating conditions,
198
REF cursor type (declaring
in packages), 260
REF operator, 359, 361
listing, 359
REF operator 685
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referencing
objects, 358-359, 361
DREF operator, 359,
361
object identifiers, 358
REF operator, 359, 361
values (index-by
tables), 268-269
REGISTER procedure, 534
relational operators (sample
expressions), 69
RELEASE function (DBMS
LOCK package), 448-449
remainders (division),
returning, 158
REMOVE procedure, 535
REMOVEALL procedure,
536
REMOVE_PIPE function,
545, 549-550
removing
classes (SSConstants),
568-569
data (varrays), 283-284
jobs, 520
pipes, 549-550, 553
REPEAT UNTIL loops,
144-146
example, 145
simulating, 145
REPLACE function, 157
Repositories, message (AQ),
588
REQUEST function (DBMS
LOCK package), 446-447
requirements (completing
exercises), 12
RESET_BUFFER proce-
dure, 545, 554
retrieving objects
from columns, 347-349
from object tables,
352-353
return data types, 105
RETURN statement, 101,
192
return values, function, dis-
playing, 23
retyping blocks (alterna-
tives), 18-20
REVERSE keyword (loops),
122-123
revoking access queues
(AQ), 609-610
ROLLBACK command, 441
ROLLBACK statements,
234
rolling back transactions,
438, 441
ROLLBACK command,
441
savepoints, 441-442
ROUND function, 158-159,
184-185
format masks, 177
syntax, 184-185
rounding numbers, 158
ROW ID, converting to
string, 159
row-level triggers, 296
ROWID datatype
defining output variables,
462
syntax, 47-48
VARIABLE_VALUE pro-
cedure, 469
ROWID pseudocolumns,
242
ROWIDTOCHAR function,
159
ROWNUM pseudocolumns,
242
rows
counting number returned,
160
fetching into buffer, 463
inserting, 226-229
employee table exam-
ple, 227, 229
locking, 445
RPAD function, 157
RTRIM function, 157
RUN procedure, 514-515
S
SAVEPOINT statements,
234
savepoints, 441-442
saving address objects in
tables, 346
scalar variables, 34
scientific notation, 174
scope, 58
cursors, 262
exceptions, 214
listing, 58-59
SELECT FUNCTION com-
mand, 161
SELECT statement, 223,
229-230
examples, 229-230
exceptions, 232
syntax, 229, 233
SELF parameter, 361-362
listing, 362
specifying, 362
SEND_MESSAGE function,
545, 547
Server Manager, 11
servers
configuring for AQ
(Advanced Queuing),
588-589
PL/SQL processing bene-
fits, 9
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
statement, 108
686 referencing
30 SQL Index 11/30/99 1:27 PM Page 686
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[...]... procedures, 190 dropping, 197 invoking, 194, 199 listing information, 195 recompiling, 193-194 storing objects as columns, 345-347 retrieving/updating, 347-349 object tables, 349, 351-356 creating, 350 inserting objects, 351-352 string expressions, 86 string operators, 78-79 concatenation (||), 78-79 listing, 78 LIKE, 78 strings capitalizing, 157 initial letters, 156-157 comparing, 79-81 case sensitivity,... integrity (maintaining), 300-304 listing, 302 defining, 299-300, 313, 319 delete, 296 enabling/disabling, 310-311 event, 311-312 defining, 312-314 writing, 314-317 example, 295-296 execution order, 297 firing (events), 294 guidelines, 298 historical logs, 304-306 insert, 296 instead-of, 318 syntax, 318 writing, 319 limitations, 320-324, 326-328 DDL statements, 320 mutating tables, 320-323, 326-328 listing,... adding\removing data, 283-284 declaring, 282-283 variables binding, 455 queries, 461 BLOB, initializing, 160 CLOB, initializing, 160 691 cursors, 257-261 as arguments, 260-261 assigning, 260 declaring, 257-258 FETCH statement, 259 OPEN FOR statement, 258-259 return clauses, 258 strong, 258 weak, 258 declaring, 49-50 listing, 50-51 naming, 35 mixed case, 397 preceding with v_ or p_, 397 output, defining,... interactivity, 10 entering statements, 10 executing queries, 10 Server Manager, 11 SQL-Navigator (Quest Software), 11 SQL-Programmer (Sylvain Faust Inc.), 11 SQL-Station (Platinum Technology Inc.), 11 SQLCODE function, 160, 211 -212 SQLERRM function, 160, 211 -212 SQLJ, calling PL/SQL from Java, 578-579 calling procedures and functions, 580, 582 executing blocks, 578-579 SQLPlus Worksheet, 11, 28 executing blocks,... correcting (example), 375-376 SYSDATE function, 159, 175-176 date/time origin, 186 default output, 176 formatting output, 176 T tables adding data to (CLOB data), 423-424 adding records to, 458-460 creating, 223-224, 456, 458 CREATE TABLE command, 224 DUAL, 161 index-by, 266 declaring, 266-267 deleting entries, 270271 inserting entries into, 267-268 methods, 271-274 referencing values, 268-269 updating... updating entries, 270 inserting rows, 226-229 employee table example, 227, 229 689 locking, 443-444 exclusive mode, 444 row exclusive mode, 444 row share mode, 444 share lock mode, 444 share row exclusive mode, 444 message queuing, creating, 592-595 mutating (triggers), 320-323, 326-328 nested, 274 adding entries to, 275-278 declaring, 275 extending, 277-278 initializing, 276-277 removing entries, 279-281... roots, 158 squareme function listing, 110 SS CONSTANTS class, creating Java procedures, 562-563 SS THRESH function creating (Procedure Builder), 26 listing, 20 with an error, 21 SSConstants class, removing from databases, 568-569 SSThresh function, 563 listing, 100 SSThresh method calling from PL/SQL, 567-568 calling from SQL*Plus, 566-567 publishing, 565-566 starting Procedure Builder (Oracle Developer... SERVEROUTPUT ON, 108 SQL, entering in SQL*Plus, 10 executing queries, 10 terminators (block syntax), 14 transaction control, 234 UPDATE, 223 object tables, 355 syntax, 231 see also loops STDDEV function, 160 stepping through loops, incrementing, 123-124 listing, 123 stopping queues, 597-598 storage_error exception, 208 stored functions creating, 106-108 syntax, 106 naming, 106 squareme (listing), 110 stored procedures,... 79-81 listing, 81 concatenating (CONCAT function), 156 converting dates to, 166-168 hex to raw, 159 multibyte to singlebyte, 159 numbers to, 159, 174-175 raw to hex, 159 single-byte to multibyte, 159 to dates, 159, 161-166 to labels, 159 to numbers, 159, 168-173 padding, 157 phonetic representations, 157 replacing, 157 returning as lowercase, 157 returning length, 157 returning location of INSTR function,... package, 485 disabling, 485 enabling, 485 reading from buffer, 487-490 writing to buffer, 486-487 functions, declaring, 101-102 LOCK TABLE statement, 233 LONG datatype, 46 LONG RAW datatype, 47 message queues creating, 596-597 starting/stopping, 597-598 MSLABEL datatype, 48 PLS_INTEGER datatype, 44 program blocks, 14-15 nesting, 15 RAW datatype, 47 ROWID datatype, 48 triggers, 298-300 instead-of, 318 . 143
loops, 121
CURSOR FOR, 254
debugging, 136
FOR, 121- 122, 146
common errors, 124
EXIT statement, 140
listing, 121
nesting, 121
guidelines, 147
incrementing through,
123-124
listing,. (Sylvain
Faust Inc.), 11
SQL-Station (Platinum
Technology Inc.), 11
SQLCODE function, 160,
211 -212
SQLERRM function, 160,
211 -212
SQLJ, calling PL/SQL
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