screenreader, 372-373 and aural CSS, 378 <script> tag, 409 <select> tag, 416 selectors, 26 adjacent sibling, 348-351 attribute, 342-353 child, 347 class, 73-75, 82-84, 384 defined, 464 descendant, 87-91, 347 div[title], 398 family-based, 347 first-child, 95-97 for XML, 439 grouping, 86-87 id, 75-76, 82-84, 384 navlink:active, 442 navlink:link, 442 pseudo-class, 91-92 :active, 187-188, 388, 442 :after, 395-396, 441 :before, 395-396, 441 :focus, 190-191, 388, 392, 442 :hover, 188-190, 388, 392, 442 :lang(), 383-384 :link, 93-94, 186-187, 442 :visited, 93-94, 186-187, 442 pseudo-element, 92 sibling, 348 type, 82 universal, 85-86, 342 serif fonts, 144-145 SGML. See Standard Generalized Markup Language shorthand properties, 140-141 background, 182 border-color, 223-224 font, 140 list-style, 244 shorthand values, 218 short hex notation, 157 sibling selectors, 348 sight-impaired readers, 293 fonts and colors, 395 site-wide style sheets, 335-336 size property, 362 sizing content, 299-308 #banner box, 303 box width, 302 constraints, 308 content width, 302 flexible dimensions, 307-308 height box, 302 content, 302 Internet Explorer width bug, 303-307 correcting miscalcula- tion, 304-305 reasons for, 305 workaround for, 306 #maincontent box, 303 spacing text, 206-213 <span> tag, 71 speak-header property, 280 speak-numeral property, 380 speak property, 380 speak-punctuation property, 380 speech-rate property, 379 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 13, 430 stress, property, 379 Strict HTML, 464 String.fromCharCode(event. which) method, 422 structure, 464 style, 464 style attribute, 438, 444 style object, 414 style sheet editors (Web sites), 23-24 defined, 464 style sheets defined, 2, 464 embedded, 68-70 organization, 331-334 saving, 25 site-wide, 335-336 styling, 185-196 user-defined, 121 validating, 337-338 <style> tag, 68-70, 438, 444 styling, 185-196 columns, 261 links, 185 techniques, 191-196 tables, 247-266 subscripts, 203, 205-206 superscripts, 203, 205-206 SVG. See Scalable Vector Graphics switch, 422 T <table> tag, 248, 252, 256, 272, 289, 317 table headers, 248 table-layout property values, 253 tables applying other styles horizontal alignment, 263-265 vertical alignment, 265-266 borders collapsing, 256-257 empty cells, 254 separated, 258 captions, 260 collapsed border model adjacent cells with dif- ferent properties, 257 adjacent cells with same properties, 256 CSS model, 250 display property, 251 482 screenreader 35 0672324091 index 6/13/02 10:38 AM Page 482 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. defined, 464 formatting, 247-263 HTML automatic layout, 253 building complex, 248 CSS model, 250-251 default styling, 250 defining, 248 determining dimen- sions, 252-253 fixed layout, 253 layers, 252 padding, 254 separated-borders model, 258 setting spaces between table cells, 263 spacing, 254 styling, 247-266 columns, 261 <col> tag, 250, 262 <colgroup> tag, 250, 262 and vision-related disabili- ties, 251 tags (HTML) <a>, 434, 442 <accesstip>, 434, 443 <area>, 372 <blockquote>, 382, 431 <body>, 30, 170, 191-192 <br>, 108, 289, 431 <caption>, 250, 260 <cite>, 88-89 <col>, 250, 262 <colgroup>, 250, 262 defined, 464 deprecated, 453-454 <div>, 71, 82-85, 342, 397 <empty>, 431 <head>, 108 <hr>, 342, 431 <html>, 382 <img>, 289, 372, 431 <layer>, 313 <link>, 35, 66-67, 438, 444 misused, 455-456 <navbar>, 443 <navlink>, 436 <notice>, 439 <para>, 434 <q>, 399 redundant tags with CSS, 454-455 <select>, 416 <script>, 409 <span>, 71, 342, 382 <style>, 68, 438, 444 <table>, 248, 252, 256, 272, 289, 317 <tbody>, 248, 252 <td>, 248, 251, 257, 263 <tfoot>, 248, 252 <th>, 248, 251, 257, 263 <thead>, 248, 252 <tippage>, 434 <tr>, 248, 252, 317 <width>, 304 <xml-stylesheet>, 438 <tbody> tag, 248, 252 <td> tag, 248, 251, 257, 263 text, 155-159 aligning and indenting, 199-206 colors, 155-59 effects, 159, 164 formatting, 29 justified, 201 line height, 211-213 spacing, 206-213 special effects 159-164 transformed, 163 text-align property, 200-201, 263-264, 318 values, 200 text-decoration property, 159-162, 366 in embedded style sheets, 161-162 values, 159 text editors, 22-23 defined, 465 text effects, 159, 164 text formatting, 29 text-indent property, 202-203 hanging indent, 202 values, 202 text nodes, 107 text-shadow property, 163-164, 314 text-transform property, 162-163 values, 162-163 <tfoot> tag, 248, 252 <th> tag, 248, 251, 257, 263 <thead> tag, 248, 252 themes, 414 tiling, 170 <tippage> tag, 434 title attribute, 342 Tolkien, J.R.R., 397, 399-400 top property, 277, 279, 282 <tr> tag, 248, 252, 317 transformed text, 163 transparent value, 168 Transitional HTML, 63 defined, 465 trees, 107-108 TrueDoc Web site, 150 tty media type, 358 tv media type, 358 type selector, 82 defined, 465 U underlines removing, 192-193 replacing, 193 text-decoration, 160 unicode-bidi property, 384 universal selector, 85-86, 342 workaround for Netscape 4 and Internet Explorer, 85 unordered lists, 236 unordered lists 483 35 0672324091 index 6/13/02 10:38 AM Page 483 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. URL namespace, 434 prefix, 434 url() value inserting an image using, 398 usability and CSS, 325-326 useful user CSS recipes Web site, 347 user agent defined, 388, 465 user-defined style sheet, 121-122 defined, 465 user interface browsers, 388 creating outlines, 392 cursor appearance, 388-391 defined, 465 graphical, 388 using system colors, 392-394 using system fonts, 392, 394 validating HTML, 64-65 V validating style sheets, 337- 338 valign property, 265, 318 values, 26 calculated, 125 inherited, 125 variables, 409 vertical-align property, 203-206, 265-266, 318 values, 204-205 viewing style sheets, 37 virtual marker box, 243 visibility property, 228, 366 and JavaScript, 417 hiding a column, 262 values, 228 Visibone Web site, 157 :visited pseudo-class selec- tor, 93-94, 186-187, 442 visual formatting browser support for (Netscape 4), 276-277 changing page layout, 272 defined, 272 float properties, 272 positioning properties, 272 voice-family property, 379 volume property, 379 W W3C. See World Wide Web Consortium W3C Process, 453 W3C Web site, 106, 317, 456 W3C’s composite/capabili- ties/preferences profile Web site, 359 W3C’s CSS validation Web site, 337 W3C’s HTML validation Web site, 337 WAI. See Web Accessibility Initiative WCAG. See Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Web accessibility. See accessibility Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), 374-377 purpose of, 372-373 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), 375-376, 465 Web browsers. See browsers Web content and user inter- face, 388 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), 375-376, 465 Web site, 456 Web design, 323-329 access logs and, 326-327 CSS and, 329-338 design issues, 330 site-wide style sheets, 335-336 style sheet organiza- tion, 331-334 CSS validation, 337-338 reasons for, 338 colors, fonts, and layout, 324-325 design types, 324 organization and planning, 327 page layout, 271-295 site-wide style sheets, 335-336 style sheet organization, 331-334 testing sites, 327-329 usability tests, 328-329 usability, 325-326 Web Design Group’s CSS validator Web site, 337 Web development software Web site, 24-25 Web reference layout Web site, 318 Web review Web site, 46 Web sites Analog, 326 Bob Stein’s VisiBone, 169 Bobby program, 376 City of Fullerton, 336 CSS accessibility benefits, 456 CSS development tech- niques, 456 CSS/edge, 47 CSS enhancements and DOCTYPE switching, 307 CSS in 24 Hours, iv, 317, 390 bookstore examples (Hour 16), 276, 282 JavaScript examples (Hour 23), 411, 414, 416, 422 484 URL 35 0672324091 index 6/13/02 10:38 AM Page 484 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. language example (Hour 21), 382 site-wide style sheet example (Hour 18), 336 sizes example (Hour 17), 300 CSS Level 1 W3C Recommendations, 4, 454 CSS Level 2 W3C Recommendations, 5, 454 CSS Level 3 W3C Recommendations, 359, 455 EmacSpeak, 373, 378 European Association for Standardizing Information and Communication Systems, 408 HTML editors, 24-25 HTML 4.01 specifications, 455 HTML specification, 456 HTML Writers Guild, 6-7 Mailing List, 328 IBM’s Home Page Reader, 373, 378 iCab, 53 International Center for Disability Resources on the Internet, 3 Internet Explorer for Macintosh, 49, 348, 349 Internet Explorer for Windows, 48, 348, 349 Jacob Nielsen, 325 JAWS, 373, 378 Konqueror, 54 Kynn’s personal site, 331 causes page, 336 Lynx, 55 Microsoft typography, 150 Model A Ford Club of America, 328 Mozilla, 50 Netscape 4, 51 Netscape 6, 50 Netscape, older versions, 51 Opera 5, 53 Opera 6, 52 Sams, 4 style sheet editors, 23-24 TrueDoc, 150 useful user CSS recipes, 347 VisiBone, 157 W3C, 106, 317, 456 W3C’s composite/capabil- ities/preferences profile, 359 W3C’s CSS validation ser- vice, 337 W3C’s HTML validation service, 337 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, 456 Web Design Group’s CSS validator, 337 Web development soft- ware, 24-25 Web Reference layout, 318 Web Standards Project, 47 Web review, 46 WebTV, 54 WestCiv, 46 WindowsEyes, 373 XML recommendation, 456 Web standards, 46-47 Web Standards Project Web site, 47 Web review Web site, 46 WebTV, 44, 54 WebTV Web site, 54 WestCiv Web site, 46 white-space property, 209-211 values, 209 whitespace, 209 defined, 465 whitespace condensation, 209 widows property, 366 width attribute, 299-300 width property, 253, 262, 302, 306, 308, 318 <width> tag, 304 WindowsEyes Web site, 373 word-spacing property, 207-208 styles, 208 values, 207 word wrapping, 209 workarounds, 45-46 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 11 accessibility and, 374 CSS validator Web site, 337 defined, 465 HTML validator Web site, 337 recommendations, 451 audience, 452 Candidate Recommendation state, 454 purpose of, 452 reading, 453 specifications, 454-456 structure, 454 Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), 374-377 Web site, 106, 317, 456 XHTML and, 444 X-Z XHTML. See Extensible Hypertext Markup Language XHTML 485 35 0672324091 index 6/13/02 10:38 AM Page 485 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. XLink, 434-436 browser support for, 436 styling links, 442-443 xlink:href attribute, 436 xlink:type attribute, 436 XML. See Extensible Markup Language (XML) XML-based languages, 443-445 SVG, 445 XHTML, 444 XSL, 444 XUL, 444 XML-based User Interface Language (XUL), 445 XML Document Type Definitions (DTD), 433-434 xml:lang attribute, 434 XML schemas, 433 XML specification Web site, 456 <?xml-stylesheet?> process- ing instruction, 443 <xml-stylesheet> tag, 438 XSL. See Extensible Style Sheet Language XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO), 13 XSL Transformations (XSLT), 13 XUL. See XML-based User Interface Language, 445 z-index property, 315 486 XLink 35 0672324091 index 6/13/02 10:38 AM Page 486 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. . watermark. defined, 464 formatting, 247 -263 HTML automatic layout, 253 building complex, 248 CSS model, 250-251 default styling, 250 defining, 248 determining dimen- sions,. 434 url() value inserting an image using, 398 usability and CSS, 325-326 useful user CSS recipes Web site, 347 user agent defined, 388, 465 user-defined style