826 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e 826 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e ping attribute <a> (anchor) element, 160 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 173 placeholder attribute <input> (input form control) element, 284 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398 <plaintext> (plain text) element, 347–348 playback controls, for video, 78–79 pluginspage attribute, <embed> (embedded object) element, 241 point-size attribute, <font> (font definition) element, 247 ports, specifying in URLs, 790 position property, CSS, 596–597 poster attribute, <video> (video) element, 422 practices, vs. standards, 46–47 <pre> (preformatted text) element, 348–350 presentation CSS as alternative to presentational HTML, 429–430 value of CSS for, 516–517 presentation elements, removed from HTML5, 63–64 presentation levels module, CSS3, 615 printers, printer-specific CSS styles, 463–464 profile attribute, <head> (document head) attributes, 261 programming languages, 47 progress element, web application features supported in HTML5, 109 <progress> (progress indicator) element, 350–351 prompt attribute, <isindex> (index prompt) attributes, 290 properties, CSS aural style properties, 607–612 color-related, 776 CSS1 and CSS2.1, 542 handling illegal or unknown property values, 446–447 handling unknown, 445 overview of, 500–502 protocols, for negotiating resource-specific services, 788–789 pseudo-class selectors, CSS activity-related, 490–491 document tree, 492–496 inline styles and, 460 interface state, 491–492 language, 497 link-related, 489–490 negation, 497 overview of, 487 summary of, 498–500 pseudo-element selectors, CSS, 484–488 :before and :after, 485–486 :first-letter and :first-line, 484–485 inline styles and, 460 list of, 488 overview of, 484 ::selection, 485–486 pubdate attribute, <time> (time) element, 409 punctuation, character entities for, 741–742 Q query strings, in URLs, 790 quirks mode, browser rendering modes, 39 <quote> (quote) element, 351–353 quotes property, CSS, 597 R rad units, CSS3, 621 :read-only selector, CSS3, 620 :read-write selector, CSS3, 620 readonly attribute <input> (input form control) element, 284 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398 rectangle methods, canvas element, 204 redesign, CSS and, 519 rel attribute <a> (anchor) element, 160 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 173 <link> (link to external files or set relationships) element, 304–310 relative URLs <base> tag and, 795–796 overview of, 795 required attribute <input> (input form control) element, 284 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398 validation and, 104–105 :required selector, CSS3, 620 resize property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 695–696 resolution, CSS3 media query values, 628 rev attribute <a> (anchor) element and, 160 <link> (link to external files or set relationships) element, 310 reversed attribute, <ol> (ordered list) element, 337 RGB color, browser-safe color and, 779–781 RGBa color, CSS3, 623 right property, CSS, 598 rightmargin attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192 root directory, Web sites, 786 :root selector, CSS3, 619 rotate (angle) function, rotating drawings in HTML5, 94 rows attribute <frameset> (frameset definition) element, 256 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398 rows, <tr> (table row) element, 411–414 rowspan attribute <td> (table data) element, 395 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 404 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. I n d e x 827 I n d e x 827 <rp> (Ruby parentheses) element, 353–355 <rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357 ruby-align property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 696–697 Ruby elements <rp> (Ruby parentheses) element, 353–355 <rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357 <ruby> (Ruby annotation) element, 357–359 Ruby module, CSS3, 615 ruby-overhang property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 697 ruby-position property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 698 <ruby> (Ruby annotation) element, 357–359 rules attribute, <table> (table) element, 388 rules, CSS, 432–433 handling malformed, 445–446 overview of, 521, 523–524 S <s> (strikethrough) element, 359–360 s units, CSS3, 621 <samp> (sample text) element, 360–362 sandbox attribute, <iframe> (inline frame) element, 111, 273 scale (x,y) function, scaling drawings in HTML5, 93–94 scan, CSS3 media query values, 628 scheme attribute, <meta> (meta-information) element, 321 scope attribute <td> (table data) element, 395 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 405 scoped attribute, <style> (style information) element, 380 <script> (scripting) element elements allowed within head element, 25–26 overview of, 362–365 scripts, <noscript> (no script support content) element, 330–331 scroll attribute <body> (document body) element, 192 <html> (HTML document) element, 268 scrollamount attribute, <marquee> (marquee display) element, 317 scrollbar-3dlight-color property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 698–699 scrollbar-arrow-color property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 699 scrollbar-base-color property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 699–700 scrollbar-darkshadow-color property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 700–701 scrollbar-face-color property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 701 scrollbar-highlight-color property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 701–702 scrollbar-shadow-color property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 702 scrollbar-track-color property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 703 scrolldelay attribute, <marquee> (marquee display) element, 317 scrolling attribute <frame> (window region) element, 254 <iframe> (inline frame) element, 273 seamless attribute, <iframe> (inline frame) element, 273 <section> (section) element, 69–70, 365–366 security attribute <frame> (window region) element, 254 <iframe> (inline frame) element, 273 <select> (selection list) element, 366–369 selected attribute, <option> (option in selection list) element, 341 ::selection, CSS pseudo-element selectors, 485–486 ::selection selector, CSS3, 619 selectors, CSS, 533–538 activity-related pseudo-classes, 490–491 adjacent sibling selectors, 478 attribute selectors, 479–483 class rules, 473–476 contextual selection, 476–478 direct descendent selector, 478 document tree pseudo-classes, 492–496 element selectors, 471 general sibling selectors, 479 id selectors, 471–473 interface state pseudo-classes, 491–492 language pseudo class, 497 link-related pseudo-classes, 489–490 list of, 533–538 list of core, 480 negation pseudo class, 497 overview of, 470, 533 page and media selectors, 538–539 pseudo-class selectors, 487, 498–500 pseudo-element selectors, 484–488 selectors module, CSS3, 615 semantics, in HTML5 indicating time and dates (time), 76 inserting figures (fig), 76–77 marking text in (mark), 75–76 for separating style from structure, 75 specifying navigation (nav), 77 server addresses, in URLs, 784–786 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) content exclusion and inclusion, 804 HTML dialects defined using, 801 keywords, 805 markup languages defined with, 17 overview of, 16 shadow properties, canvas element, 203 shape attribute <a> (anchor) element, 160 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 174 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 828 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e 828 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e shapes, drawing and styling in HTML5, 85–88 sibling selectors, CSS adjacent sibling selectors, 478 general sibling selectors, 479 size attribute <basefont> (base font) element, 183 <font> (font definition) element, 247 <hr> (horizontal rule) element, 261 <input> (input form control) element, 284 <select> (selection list) element, 368 <spacer> (extra space) element, 373 size property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 703–704 size relationships, CSS-HTML, 608–611 sizes attribute, <link> (link to external files or set relationships) element, 310 sizes keyword, 529 <small text> (small text) element, 369–371 sound, <bgsound> (background sound) element, 185–186 <source> (source) element, 371–373 <spacer> (extra space) element, 373–374 spacing modifiers, character entities for, 741 span attribute <col> (table column) element, 216 <colgroup> (table column group) element, 218 <span> (text span) element overview of, 374–376, 507–508 using with document tree pseudo classes, 494–496 special characters. See also character entities encoding in URLs, 790–791 entities used for, 44 escape codes, 29 in filenames, 787 in HTML5, 60 speech module, CSS3, 616 spell checking (spellcheck attribute), in browsers, 115–116 spellcheck attribute, common HTML5 element attributes reference, 146 spin boxes, 103 src attribute <applet> (Java applet) element, 171 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 178 <bgsound> (background sound) element, 186 <embed> (embedded object) element, 241 <frame> (window region) element, 254 <iframe> (inline frame) element, 273 <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275, 278 <input> (input form control) element, 284 <layer> (positioned layer) element, 297 <script> (scripting) element, 363 <source> (source) element, 372 <video> (video) element, 422 <xml> (XML data island) element, 424 Standard Generalized Markup Language. See SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) standards HTML/XHTML, 14 vs. practices, 46–47 variability and, 518 web standards, 16–17 standards compliance mode browser rendering modes, 39 HTML5 and, 58 limitations of, 48 standby attribute, <object> (embedded object) element, 334 start attribute <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 278 <ol> (ordered list) element, 337 state preservation methods, canvas element, 200 step attribute, <input> (input form control) element, 284 <strike> (strikeout text) element, 376–377 strings, CSS, 529–530 stroke methods, canvas element and, 85–86 <strong> (strong emphasis) element, 28, 377–379 structure, separating structure and style in CSS, 514–515 style attribute, core element attributes, 137 style, separating structure and style in CSS, 514–515 style sheets alternative, 464–465 comparing style sheet approaches, 453 defining media types for, 462–463 embedding, 456–458 importing, 458–459 linking to, 452–456 using for presentation, 516–517 <style> (style information) element embedding style sheets, 456–458 embedding styles in document head element, 526 importing style sheets, 458–459, 526–527 other elements allowed within head element, 25–26 overview of, 379–381 <sub> (subscript) element, 381–383 summary attribute, <table> (table) element, 388 <sup> (superscript) element, 383–385 symbols character entities for letter-like symbols, 744–745 character entities for miscellaneous symbols, 748 character entities for technical symbols, 747 syntax, CSS, 432–438, 521, 523–524 syntax, HTML5 loose syntax, 58–60 overview of, 55–58 syntax, traditional HTML/XHTML, 3–6 T tabindex attribute common element attributes reference, 142 common HTML5 element attributes reference, 146 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. I n d e x 829 I n d e x 829 <input> (input form control) element, 284–285 <select> (selection list) element, 368–369 table-layout property, CSS, 598–599 <table> (table) element, 385–389 tables <caption> (table caption) element, 208–210 <col> (table column) element, 214–216 <table> (table) element, 385–389 <tbody> (table body) element, 389–392 <td> (table data) element, 392–396 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402 <th> (table header) element, 402–405 <thead> (table header) element, 405–408 <tr> (table row) element, 411–414 tags not using invented, 60 rules regarding closing tags in HTML/ XHTML, 43 in tradition HTML/XHTML, 4 target attribute <a> (anchor) element and, 163 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 174 <base> (base URL) element, 182 <form> (form for user input) element, 251–252 <link> (link to external files or set relationships) element, 311 :target selector, CSS3, 619 <tbody> (table body) element, 389–392 <td> (table data) element, 392–396 technical symbols, character entities for, 747 television channels, URL form of, 794 telnet, 789 template layout module, CSS3, 616 text <blink> (blinking text) element, 187–188 canvas API methods and properties, 206 CSS3 modules, 616 <del> (deleted text) element, 224–227 <ins> (inserted text) element, 287–289 keywords, 529 <mark> (marked text) element, 75–76, 314–315 marking in HTML5, 75–76 <multicol> (multiple column text) element, 325–326 <p> (paragraph) element, 343–345 <plaintext> (plain text) element, 347–348 <pre> (preformatted text) element, 348–350 <rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357 <samp> (sample text) element, 360–362 <small text> (small text) element, 369–371 <span> (text span) element, 374–376, 494–496, 507–508 <strike> (strikeout text) element, 376–377 support in canvas element, 98–100 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 396–399 <tt> (teletype text) element, 414–415 text-align-last property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 704 text-align property, CSS, 599 text attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192 text-autospace property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 704–705 text-decoration property, CSS, 599–600 text editors, for viewing markup locally, 8–10 text-fill-color property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 705 text-indent property, CSS, 600 text-justify property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 705–706 text-kashida-space property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 706–707 text-overflow property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 707 text-rendering property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 708 text-shadow property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 708–710 text-stroke-color property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 710–711 text-stroke-width property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 711 text-transform property, CSS, 600–601 text-underline-position property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 711–712 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 396–399 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402 <th> (table header) element, 402–405 <thead> (table header) element, 405–408 <time> (time) element, 76, 408–410 title attribute, core element attributes, 138 <title> (document title) element, 7, 23–24, 410–411 top attribute <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275 <layer> (positioned layer) element, 297 Top-Level domains, 784–786 top property, CSS, 601–602 topmargin attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192 <tr> (table row) element, 411–414 transform-origin property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 715 transform property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 712–714 transform-style property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 716–717 transformation methods, canvas element, 200 transforms, in HTML5, 95–96 transition-delay property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 717–718 transition-duration property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 718–719 transition property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 717 transition-property property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 719 transition-timing-function property, CSS3 browser- specific features, 719–720 transitions, filter property and, 668–669 transitions module, CSS3, 616 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 830 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e 830 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e translate (x,y) function, translating drawings in HTML5, 93–97 transparent keyword, CSS3 color units, 623 truespeed attribute, <marquee> (marquee display) element, 317 <tt> (teletype text) element, 414–415 type attribute <a> (anchor) element and, 163 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 174 <button> (button) element, 197 <embed> (embedded object) element, 241 <input> (input form control) element, 285 <li> (list item) element, 302 <link> (link to external files or set relationships) element, 311 <menu> (menu list or command menu) element, 319 <object> (embedded object) element, 334 <ol> (ordered list) element, 337 <param> (object parameter) element, 346 <script> (scripting) element, 364 <source> (source) element, 372 <spacer> (extra space) element, 373 <style> (style information) element, 380 <ul> (unordered list) attributes, 418 U <u> (underline) element, 415–417 UI (user interface), CSS, 777 <ul> (unordered list) element, 28, 417–419 unclosed structures, handling in CSS, 446 Unicode, 748–749 unicode-bidi property, CSS, 602 uniform resource characteristics (URCs), 799 Uniform Resource Identifiers. See URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) uniform resource locators. See URLs (uniform resource locators) uniform resource names (URNs), 799 units attribute, <embed> (embedded object) element, 241 units of measurement, CSS, 502–505, 527–528 unordered lists, 28, 417–419 URCs (uniform resource characteristics), 799 URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) <!DOCTYPE> statement specifying, 18 data URIs, 791–794 overview of, 799 URLs (uniform resource locators), 783–799 <base> (base URL) element, 181–182 basics of locating objects on Internet, 783–784 challenges in use of, 796–798 data URIs, 791–794 directories, 786–787 emerging forms of, 794 encoding, 790–791 filenames, 787–788 fragment identifiers, 788 other addressing schemes, 798–799 overview of, 783 ports, 790 protocols, 788–789 query strings, 790 relative URLs, 795–796 server addresses, 784–786 usernames and passwords, 789 urn attribute, <a> (anchor) element, 163 URNs (uniform resource names), 799 usemap attribute <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 279 <input> (input form control) element, 285 <object> (embedded object) element, 334 user input, forms for, 249–252 user interface module, CSS3, 616 user interface (UI), CSS, 777 user-select property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 720–721 usernames, in URLs, 789 users, CSS styles, 466–467 UTF-8 character set, 25 V :valid selector, CSS3, 620 validation CSS, 447–450 of data entry on forms, 104–105 of DTD rules, 37–39 of web sites, 62 valign attribute <caption> (table caption) element, 209 <col> (table column) element, 216 <colgroup> (table column group) element, 218 <tbody> (table body) element, 391 <td> (table data) element, 395 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 401, 405 <thead> (table header) element, 407 <tr> (table row) element, 414 value attribute <button> (button) element, 197 HTML5 form fields, 105–106 <input> (input form control) element, 285 <li> (list item) element, 302 <meter> (scalar gauge) element, 324 <option> (option in selection list) element, 341 <param> (object parameter) element, 346 values and units module, CSS3, 616 values, CSS, 502–505 valuetype attribute, <param> (object parameter) element, 346 <var> (variable) element, 419–421 Vector Markup Language (VML), 82 version attribute, <html> (HTML document) element, 268 version history CSS, 440–442, 522 HTML/XHTML, 14–16 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. I n d e x 831 I n d e x 831 vertical-align property, CSS, 602–603 VGA display, 779 vh units, CSS3, 621 <video> (video) element, 78–80, 421–423 visibility attribute <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275 <layer> (positioned layer) element, 297 visibility property, CSS, 603–604 vlink attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192 vm units, CSS3, 621 VML (Vector Markup Language), 82 volume attribute, <bgsound> (background sound) element, 186 vspace attribute <embed> (embedded object) element, 241 <input> (input form control) element, 285 <object> (embedded object) element, 334 <table> (table) element, 388 vw units, CSS3, 621 W W3C Markup Validation Service, 37–38, 57 W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) addressing area of, 794 core events, 147 CSS validator, 447 online references for DTDs, 807 web standards, 16 XHTML standard, 49 WAV files, audio support in HTML5, 80 <wbr> (word break) element, 423 web applications, support in HTML5 command element, 108 content editing (contenteditable attribute) in browsers, 114–115 details element, 109–110 drag and drop functionality (draggable attribute) added to browsers, 112–114 future of frames, 110–112 menu element repurposed, 106–108 meter and progress elements, 109 output element, 110 overview of, 106 spell checking (spellcheck attribute) in browsers, 115–116 Web browsers. See browsers web fonts module, CSS3, 616 Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), 101 web markup with HTML5, 62–63 madness, 62 XML style using XHTML, 49–52 Web pages care in use of nonstandard color on, 771 CSS and ease of download, 518–519 handling page layout, 47 viewing markup locally, 8–10 viewing with Web server, 10–14 XML style using XHTML, 49–52 Web site directories, 786–787 weight attribute, <font> (font definition) element, 247 WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group), 101 white space characters, HTML/XHTML sensitivity to, 42 white-space property, CSS, 512–513, 604 width attribute canvas element and, 83 <col> (table column) element, 216 <colgroup> (table column group) element, 218 <hr> (horizontal rule) element, 261 <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275 <input> (input form control) element, 286 width attribute <layer> (positioned layer) element, 297 <multicol> (multiple column text) element, 325 width attribute <pre> (preformatted text) attributes, 349 <spacer> (extra space) element, 373 <table> (table) element, 388 <td> (table data) element, 395 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 405 width, CSS3 media query values, 628 width property, CSS, 605–606 windows property, CSS, 604–605 word-break property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 721 word-spacing property, CSS, 606 word-wrap property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 722 work break, <wbr> (word break) element, 423 World Wide Web Consortium. See W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) wrap attribute <pre> (preformatted text) element, 349 <textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398–399 writing-mode property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 722–723 WYSIWYG, 47 X x coordinates, canvas element and, 83 (X)HTML. See also HTML 4; HTML5 applying styles to documents, 452 <body> (document body) element, 28–31 browsers and, 28–31 browsers ignoring unknown elements and attributes, 44–45 case sensitivity, 41–42 character entities, 731–741 common element attributes reference, 139–142 common HTML5 element attributes reference, 142–146 content models and, 43 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 832 H T M L & C S S : T h e C o m p l e t e R e f e r e n c e (X)HTML. See also HTML 4; HTML5 (Continued) core attributes reference, 135–138 CSS and, 506 CSS as alternative to pesentational HTML, 429–430 CSS-HTML size relationships, 608–611 div and span elements, 507–508 <!DOCTYPE> statement used to begin documents, 18–19 doctype switch and browser rendering modes, 39–41 document structure, 20–23 DTDs (document type definitions), 16–18 embedded styles, 456–458, 526 entities used for special characters, 44 event attributes reference, 146–154 flavors of, 133–135 future of, 48 head element, 23 hello world example, 6–8 vs. HTML in future, 47–48 imported styles, 459–459, 526–527 language attributes reference, 138 linked styles, 452–456, 524–526 logical and physical markup, 45–46 markup syntax in, 3–6 <meta> tags for specifying content type, character set, and other information, 24–25 methods for including CSS styles in, 524 minimizing unused elements, 43 myths and misconceptions, 47–49 nesting elements, 43–44 other elements allowed within head element, 25–26 overview of, 41 presentational, 429–430 quotes used with attributes, 44 standards vs. practices, 46–47 structures moved to CSS, 443 <title> (document title) element, 23–24 use of closing tags, 43 validation of DTD rules, 37–39 version history, 14–16 white space characters and, 42 XML web page markup style with XHTML, 49–52 xmins attribute, <html> (HTML document) element, 268 XML keywords, 805 markup languages defined with, 17 using with HTML5, 60–61 web page markup style, 49–52 XHTML dialects defined using, 801 <xml> (XML data island) element, 424–425 xml:space attribute <pre> (preformatted text) element, 349 <script> (scripting) element, 364 <style> (style information) element, 380 <xmp> (example) element, 425–426 Y y coordinates, canvas element and, 83 Z z-index attribute <ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275 <layer> (positioned layer) element, 297 z-index property, CSS, 607 zoom property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 724 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. . in HTML/ XHTML, 43 in tradition HTML/ XHTML, 4 target attribute <a> (anchor) element and, 163 <area> (Image Map Area) element, 174 <base>. 392–396 <tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402 <th> (table header) element, 402–405 <thead> (table header) element, 405–408 <tr>