Tài liệu Designing SQL Server 2000 Database P2 pdf

xxx Introduction and reliability position SQL Server 2000 as the first release to compete in the demanding markets of terabyte-size solutions and 24 x 7 availability. With this exciting list of features in mind, we begin this book by reviewing the new and enhanced features of SQL Server 2000 and the migration considerations for those of you who are already using previous versions of SQL Server. The bene- fits and simplicity of migrating make this upgrade a practical necessity if your organization aims to compete in today’s economy. A review of Microsoft’s Distributed Internet Architecture (DNA) model and the pending evolution toward .NET will help you understand how SQL Server 2000 fits into Microsoft’s vision of complete solutions design. From there, we review the installation options and pro- cedures for SQL Server 2000. New features such as multiple-instance support allow you to run numerous distinct copies of SQL Server on a single server. This capability is a boon to the growing application service provider market, allowing you to partition large, expensive servers among multiple customers or applica- tions, each with its own unique configuration. Several versions of SQL Server are available to meet both application requirements and budgets. After we get SQL Server 2000 up and running, each chapter examines the capabilities available in SQL Server. From creating databases to setting up replica- tion to using XML with SQL Server, we work through practical examples so you can begin using each of these features in your application. Using both graphical wizards and Transact-SQL statements, you will learn how simple and powerful working with SQL Server can be. You will quickly discover that SQL Server 2000 is more than just a database server; it’s a solution platform. Understanding SQL Server’s capabilities will become critical to designing and delivering your applica- tions in an increasingly demanding market. Whether you are a veteran SQL Server user or you need to get SQL Server up and running for the first time, this book provides you with the insight and instruction of several authors, each with expertise in his or her area of SQL Server, so that you and your applications can begin enjoying the benefits of SQL Server 2000. www.syngress.com 114_SQL_intro 1/2/01 3:01 PM Page xxx SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies Solutions in this chapter: ■ Overview of SQL Server 2000: A .NET Enterprise Server ■ New and Enhanced Features of SQL Server 2000 ■ SQL Server 2000 Versions and Requirements ■ Should You Migrate to SQL Server 2000? ■ Steps to a Successful SQL Server Migration Chapter 1 1 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 1 2 Chapter 1 • SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies Introduction Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL) Server 2000 is the latest generation of the popular SQL Server product line and the second release since its core reengineering that produced SQL Server 7.0, released in 1999. This latest release of SQL Server adds native Extensible Markup Language (XML) support, enhanced online analytical processing (OLAP), data-mining capabilities, platform support for Windows 2000, integration with Windows 2000 Active Directory, and numerous performance, usability, and programming enhancements. SQL Server 2000 is available in six different editions to meet all levels of application develop- ment and delivery: ■ SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Developer Edition ■ SQL Server Desktop Engine (MSDE) ■ SQL Server 2000 for Windows CE Edition To meet scalability and availability goals, SQL Server 2000 is the first release designed and built to take advantage of Windows 2000 with support for up to 32 processors and 64GB of memory running on Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. Windows 2000 Active Directory integration adds enhanced server and security management features to SQL Server. The latest version of OLAP support, now called Analysis Services, provides numerous wizards for ease of use and the setup of OLAP and new data-mining solutions. One of the more publicized addi- tions to SQL Server is its native support for XML. SQL Server 2000 offers sup- port for storing, using, and updating XML documents—an important requirement because XML becomes the language of choice for many business systems and a fundamental architecture component of Microsoft .NET. SQL Server 2000 is the first released member of the .NET Enterprise Server family and offers numerous advantages to organizations considering migration to this new platform. Enhancements in reliability, scalability, performance, and administration, along with strong compatibility with previous versions, make this release a strong candidate for early adoption into SQL Server 7.0 environments and an immediate migration from organizations running on SQL Server 6.5. Native XML support in SQL Server 2000 will help many organizations begin implementing this technology, which is quickly becoming a standard to both external and internal systems, including e-commerce, Web application services, and line-of-business applications. This chapter discusses the changes in SQL Server 2000 as well as assists you in understanding the direction of Microsoft Windows Distributed interNet Applications (DNA) Architecture Model toward .NET and the role of XML. You will www.syngress.com 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 2 www.syngress.com review the available editions of SQL Server 2000 and their features and require- ments so that you can choose the appropriate edition for your organization. The second half of this chapter discusses whether you should migrate to SQL Server 2000 as well as lays the groundwork for planning your migration. Overview of SQL Server 2000: A .NET Enterprise Server In September 2000, Microsoft officially announced its .NET Enterprise Server line and its commitment to .NET as Microsoft’s application architecture model. The fundamental goal behind this new release of the company’s popular server product line, now labeled .NET Enterprise Servers, is to provide simplified man- agement, scalability, and availability throughout the enterprise, meeting the application goals of every organization and offering extensive support for .NET applications. SQL Server 2000 is the first .NET Enterprise Server available for public implementation and offers the data storage and management component of .NET services as well as a peek into the Microsoft’s vision of .NET application capabilities. Before we can see where the future will take us, it’s always good to under- stand exactly where things came from. Microsoft SQL Server was first released as version 6.0 soon after Microsoft purchased and modified the code base to SQL Server from Sybase Corporation in 1995. Through version 6.5, released in 1996, SQL Server was accepted mainly as a departmental-scale database management system (DBMS) and lacked much of the scalability and reliability of enterprise- class solutions offered by companies such as Oracle and Informix. Administration of the SQL Server 6.0 and 6.5 products required knowledgeable SQL Server database administrators committed to monitoring server availability, activity, and performance. For SQL Server to have the broad market reach that Microsoft aims for in most of its products and to make it a fundamental compo- nent in its then-new Windows Distributed interNet Applications (DNA) Architecture Model, Microsoft needed to address the broad range of concerns and downfalls that plagued SQL Server’s acceptance in both large and small organiza- tions. In 1999, after several years of development and complete reengineering, Microsoft released SQL Server 7.0, which offered numerous enhancements in reliability, functionality, administration, security, performance, and scalability and allowed SQL Server to become the most popular relational database manage- ment system (RDBMS) in the market, with over 60 percent of all Web databases running on SQL Server by the end of 1999 and 70 percent of the total databases running on the Windows platform. Soon after Microsoft launched SQL Server 7.0, several enhancements to the product, such as the XML Technology Preview, the OLAP Manager Add-In, and DTS Task Kit as well as two (now common) service pack updates, were released as downloadable additions. With the aggressive schedules and demanding mar- kets that you and I represent, service packs are bound to continue, but all the SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 3 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 3 4 Chapter 1 • SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies previous additions and fixes have been refined and included in SQL Server 2000, along with countless enhancements in performance, availability, scalability, pro- grammability, and management. SQL Server 2000 is light years ahead of the days of version 6.0 and is a required upgrade for nearly every SQL Server-based application. The Future of Windows DNA: Microsoft.NET In 1997, Microsoft announced the Windows Distributed interNet Applications (DNA) Architecture Model, which laid the foundations for building scalable, Web- based solutions based on Microsoft’s line of servers, technologies, and develop- ment tools. Emerging from the popular, two-tier (or client/server) application architecture, DNA presents a distributed n-tier architecture model incorporating Web technologies such as Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS), including Active Server Pages (ASP), standard Web browser software such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, protocols including HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and enabling technologies such as Component Object Model (COM) and Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects, OLE DB). Via standard Web browser software, users are allowed access to DNA applications with little if any need for configuration of the client. Application services are centrally managed and delivered from the enterprise for enhanced reliability, scalability, and perfor- mance. This popular application architecture model accounted for roughly 40 percent of all secure, transacted Web-based applications built by the end of 1999. The DNA Architecture Model is logically divided into three layers: Presentation Services, Business Services, and Data Services. Each layer plays a specific role in the application, as depicted in Figure 1.1. www.syngress.com Figure 1.1 The DNA Architecture Model. HTML / DHTML VBScript / JScript ActiveX / Java Applets Presentation / User Services Win32 COM IIS / ASP DCOMHTTP / SSL COM / MTS / COM+ ADO ODBC / OLE DB COM Interfaces Business / Logic Services ADSI MSMQ Data / Information Services SQL Server Data Source Directory Service Message Queue Web Browser Windows 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 4 SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 5 The Presentation Services layer encompasses the Web browser and client-side services such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to interpret and display Web pages, VBScript, and JavaScript for user input validation, Dynamic HTML (DHTML) for interface enhancements, and Java Applets or ActiveX Components for enhanced client-side functionality. The Business Services layer is responsible for much of the “work” in the application and handles tasks such as processing user input, applying business rules and application logic, validating data in and out of the Data Services layer, and delivering the application to the Presentation Services layer. The third layer of the DNA model is Data Services, which is responsible for storing and managing all types of information, including databases, document storage, e-mail, and directory services data. Now that you have a basic idea of the principles behind the DNA Model, we can discuss the Windows DNA Platform. The DNA Platform is the collection of software products, technologies, and tools that are used to physically build, host, and manage DNA applications. Having a conceptual model makes the theory of scalable, reliable, Web-based applications understandable, but to make it a reality, you need to be able to actually construct the layers to form your applica- tion. The Windows DNA Platform has continued to evolve as Microsoft releases new versions of existing products and adds entirely new product lines to the server, technology, and tools families. Today, the DNA Platform is made up of: ■ Microsoft Windows NT 4.0/2000 Server ■ Internet Information Server/Services (IIS4/IIS5) ■ Message Queue Server (MSMQ) ■ COM/COM+ ■ Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects, OLE-DB, ODBC) ■ Security Services ■ Network Load Balancing ■ Cluster Services ■ Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 ■ Microsoft Exchange Server 5.5 ■ Microsoft SNA Server 4.0 ■ Microsoft Site Server 3.0 Commerce Edition ■ Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0 Before we get into reviewing the responsibilities of each of these components, we should clarify how Windows DNA 2000 fits into all this. Windows DNA 2000 is the short-lived name for what is now called the Microsoft.NET Enterprise Servers. As Windows DNA evolves in to Microsoft.NET as the architecture model for scalable, reliable, Web-based applications and services, the Windows DNA Platform evolves into the .NET Enterprise Servers. The line of .NET Enterprise Servers consists of: www.syngress.com 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 5 6 Chapter 1 • SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies ■ Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Provides operating system and plat- form services such as storage management, security, Web services, mes- saging, and network services. Windows 2000 Server includes the following components: ■ Active Directory Services ■ Internet Information Services (IIS) ■ Active Server Pages+ (with the release of .NET) ■ Message Queue Server (MSMQ) ■ COM+ ■ Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects+, OLE-DB, ODBC) ■ Security Service ■ Network Load Balancing ■ Cluster Services ■ Microsoft SQL Server 2000 RDBMS offers data storage, management, and analysis services. Provides XML support and Active Directory inte- gration. ■ Microsoft Exchange Server 2000 Provides messaging and collabora- tion services such as e-mail, videoconferencing, and instant messaging. Provides Active Directory integration. ■ Microsoft Host Integration Server 2000 Offers access to legacy sys- tems for information exchange, allowing integration with new technolo- gies. ■ Microsoft Commerce Server 2000 Provides the services for imple- menting and managing electronic commerce Web sites on the Microsoft platform. ■ Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000 Offers the frameworks necessary to facilitate data communications between heterogeneous systems using standards-based formats such as XML. ■ Microsoft Application Center 2000 Provides the centralized manage- ment of distributed applications across multiple servers for scalability and reliability. ■ Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000 Provides enterprise-class firewall and Web cache for enterprise security and Web access performance. ■ Microsoft Mobile Information Server 2001 Although not scheduled to be available until 2001, Mobile Information Server supports delivering Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and HTML to portable devices such as cellular phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). www.syngress.com 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 6 SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 7 ■ Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Provides the tools and languages neces- sary to build applications using the .NET architecture components. The .NET programming architecture supported by Visual Studio.NET includes VB.NET, Active Server Pages+, ActiveX Data Objects+, and C# as well as C++. Missing from Visual Studio.NET is Visual InterDev. Microsoft Visual Studio.NET will incorporate a cross-language develop- ment environment with Web application integration throughout all Microsoft technologies, so the dedicated role of Visual InterDev is no longer necessary for Web programming. Each of these server applications, technologies, and development tools plays a key role in delivering applications based on .NET. Microsoft has officially labeled .NET its vision for the next-generation Internet. What does all this mean for DNA developers and solutions built on the DNA platform? It means many exciting technology advancements and extensions to the original DNA architec- ture model. What .NET is not is a replacement or shift away from the practiced and sound foundations of the DNA Architecture Model. .NET offers enhancements in many of the technologies with which developers currently work within their applications, including new versions of Active Server Pages, called ASP+ or Web Forms, and ActiveX Data Objects, called ADO+. Web Forms offer long-overdue validation services and advanced, server-side controls supporting events for building rich HTML-compliant application interfaces. Page logic is now separated from the HTML and compiled for better performance, and a common language runtime will allow developers to choose and mix their preferred languages with complete compatibility. Microsoft’s commitment to Win32 applications continues with Win Forms, the Win32 counterpart to Web Forms. Although the object models between the two are not the same, this unique approach to offering a comparable design model between Web applications and Windows applications will allow developers to migrate between platforms with a comfortable approach to writing code that has a higher level of productivity and developer availability. All these enhancements are exciting for Web application designers and devel- opers, but there is even more to .NET than the next version of these existing technologies. One of the core principles of .NET is the delivery of Web services to rapidly create powerful applications by integrating available services from within the organization and throughout the Internet. This web of interconnected appli- cations and services is the core of .NET. To accomplish this web, .NET imple- ments abundant use of XML and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). SOAP and XML are both industry-standard technologies, which open the door for het- erogeneous system communications. These new services can exist and run on any platform and be used by any application running on the platform of the developer’s choice. Figure 1.2 illustrates the new vision in .NET. The .NET Frameworks example extends the principles of DNA by providing integrated use of external services within the application, reducing application www.syngress.com 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 7 8 Chapter 1 • SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies development and management time. Features such as Common Language Runtime leverage the broad range of developer skill sets, allowing complete sup- port for mixed-language environments. Exchange of information with business partners and other organizations is possible using industry-standard technolo- gies, XML, and SOAP. The ability even exists to expose and share components of the application with other organizations through Web services. Components such as order entry or product information are made available for integration into business partner systems and remote applications. .NET represents the next gen- eration in distributed, reusable, and shared application architecture models. So where does this leave SQL Server 2000 in the .NET world? As in nearly all applications, data storage and management are central to application function- ality and availability. SQL Server 2000 offers these traditional services and adds compelling new features such as native support for using and delivering XML documents, support for standard Internet protocols such as HTTP and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for secure Web access to SQL databases, and OLAP services, along with numerous scalability and performance enhancements. All these together make SQL Server 2000 the sole container of information in your existing DNA and future .NET applications. New and Enhanced Features of SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2000 delivers a more mature RDBMS from Microsoft. The first release since the near-entire redesign of SQL Server that resulted in version 7.0, SQL Server 2000 builds on that version and the feedback that resulted in two service packs of enhancements and fixes to the SQL Server architecture. This latest release offers enhanced reliability, scalability, programmability, and services for SQL programmers and application developers. Delivering key new features allows www.syngress.com Figure 1.2 The .NET Framework Model. Web Service Web App Win32 App Common Language Runtime (VB, C++, C#, ) Internet Information Services ASP+ / Web Forms / XML SOAP / XML Subscribing Application Win Forms ADO+ XML / Data COM+ SOAP / XML Subscribed Web Service SQL Server 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 8 SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 9 SQL Server to meet the demands of large-scale enterprise applications, including online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing, and electronic commerce, in which SQL Server continues to grow in market dominance. As a member of Microsoft’s .NET Enterprise Server family, SQL Server 2000 provides native support for XML as well as standard Internet protocols such as HTTP and SSL. Numerous productivity enhancements are welcome additions for SQL programmers, including new data types, trigger enhancements, user-defined www.syngress.com Is .NET the End of DNA? .NET is Microsoft’s first foray into a new architecture model, designed around the increasing role of the Internet, since it announced DNA in the late 1990s. With the exception of some quick-to-guess assessments of early .NET information, no one is arguing that .NET will be the end of the popular and proven DNA Architecture Model. DNA’s fundamental features, such as COM and multiple-tier environments, will continue to be invaluable in .NET solutions—but with a new twist: more effi- cient and rapid development and delivery. The fundamental principle behind .NET is a more productive development and runtime environment, an essential ingre- dient to meeting market demands and the increasingly rapid business shifts that the Internet has fueled. .NET offers next-generation releases of popular technologies such as ASP+ and ADO+ in response to developer feedback and to support delivering powerful Web applications and services in record time. Unprecedented features such as mixed-language programming and a common-language runtime will allow orga- nizations to leverage existing programming skills. Rich architecture services in the .NET Frameworks eliminate the need to repeatedly program and deal with tedious “plumbing” tasks such as memory or thread management and security. Support for nearly every popular language and richer architecture services are important features as organizations suffer from a documented and continued shortage of programmers. .NET also offers a look into Microsoft’s vision of software services. Although it will be some time before we see broad existence and acceptance of subscrip- tion-based software, the Web services model in .NET is the 1.0 release of this prin- ciple. The real benefit comes from the integration capabilities of services by allowing different groups to develop and manage features in which they are entrenched. By “subscribing” to these services, you can integrate them into your application and deliver a complete solution in record time. If your organization has invested countless amounts of resources toward building DNA solutions, there is no need to begin sweating over .NET. Your expe- rience with DNA and the ability to migrate existing applications and integrate .NET services into your DNA solutions will make the process bearable and rewarding. Continued 114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 9 [...]... found their way into the list of updates in SQL Server 2000 SQL developers have been using triggers for years www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 17 SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 to automate and control activity against tables SQL Server 2000 adds enhancements to the AFTER trigger (the only trigger mode in previous SQL Server versions) and offers a new trigger... technology Soon after Microsoft released SQL Server 7.0, the XML Technology Preview for SQL Server was released, providing insight into, and a draft of, what is now native XML support in SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2000 offers native support for reading, writing, delivering, and using XML documents, the term for complete sets of XML tags and data The following additions to SQL Server, along with the latest version... configure! SQL Server 7.0’s OLAP Services have “grown up” and been renamed Analysis Services, offering OLAP and datamining capabilities native to SQL Server 2000 Having been designed for Windows 2000, SQL Server 2000 increases its scalability and availability levels, taking advantage of four-way fail-over clustering and support for up to 64GB of memory A popular scalability enhancement in SQL Server 2000. .. (9,223,372,036,854,775,807) The sql_ variant data type is familiar to many Microsoft Visual Basic developers but is a new concept to SQL programmers The sql_ variant type is capable of storing various SQL Server data types, with the exception of text, ntext, image, timestamp, and sql_ variant types For example, you www.syngress.com 15 114 _SQL_ 01 16 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 16 Chapter 1 • SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration... querying XML Views in SQL Server 2000 An XML View is an annotated XML Data-Reduced (XDR) Schema, which defines www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 13 SQL Server 2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 the structure of the XML document as well as element data types The XDR Schema can then be modified to define the relationship between the XML document elements and the SQL database to create... products at http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/ A discussion of XML support isn’t complete without mentioning support for querying SQL Server 2000 using HTTP Using the Configure SQL XML Support in IIS utility, located in the SQL Server program group, you can execute database queries against SQL Server using the Internet standard and firewallfriendly protocol, HTTP By combining XML Views and XPath Query statements,... being able to create indexes on views, as mentioned previously, SQL Server also supports defining indexes on computed columns The numerous improvements in index creation and index options improve SQL Server s relational database engine NOTE A useful addition to the Database Console Commands (DBCC) is the INDEXDEFRAG statement New to SQL Server 2000, DBCC INDEXDEFRAG defragments both clustered and secondary... with SQL Server 2000, includes many features for which developers have been patiently waiting The first noticeable change is the included Object Browser, which provides a common tree view of every object in your SQL Server, ranging from tables and views down to functions and data types This feature will be helpful for both experienced and new www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 15 SQL Server. .. and with the exception of the SQL Debugger, these features work against SQL Server 7.0 database servers, so installing the latest client tools on your development workstation should be on your task list New Data Types SQL Server 2000 adds three new data types to SQL Server s relational data-base engine: bigint, sql_ variant, and table The bigint data type is an 8-byte integer type with values ranging... views, which has allowed SQL Server to take over the Transaction Processing Council (TPC) leadership role in terms of price/performance measures and tremendously surpassing its rival, Oracle 8i, in scalability Sharing and exchanging data are common tasks in distributed application environments, and SQL Server 2000 shines in this area Replication enhancements in SQL Server 2000 allow for queued updating . delivery: ■ SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition ■ SQL Server 2000 Developer Edition ■ SQL Server. Features of SQL Server 2000 ■ SQL Server 2000 Versions and Requirements ■ Should You Migrate to SQL Server 2000? ■ Steps to a Successful SQL Server Migration Chapter