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xxx Introduction
and reliability position SQLServer2000 as the first release to compete in the
demanding markets of terabyte-size solutions and 24 x 7 availability.
With this exciting list of features in mind, we begin this book by reviewing the
new and enhanced features of SQLServer2000 and the migration considerations
for those of you who are already using previous versions of SQL Server. The bene-
fits and simplicity of migrating make this upgrade a practical necessity if your
organization aims to compete in today’s economy. A review of Microsoft’s
Distributed Internet Architecture (DNA) model and the pending evolution toward
.NET will help you understand how SQLServer2000 fits into Microsoft’s vision of
complete solutions design. From there, we review the installation options and pro-
cedures for SQLServer2000. New features such as multiple-instance support
allow you to run numerous distinct copies of SQLServer on a single server. This
capability is a boon to the growing application service provider market, allowing
you to partition large, expensive servers among multiple customers or applica-
tions, each with its own unique configuration. Several versions of SQLServer are
available to meet both application requirements and budgets.
After we get SQLServer2000 up and running, each chapter examines the
capabilities available in SQL Server. From creating databases to setting up replica-
tion to using XML with SQL Server, we work through practical examples so you
can begin using each of these features in your application. Using both graphical
wizards and Transact-SQL statements, you will learn how simple and powerful
working with SQLServer can be. You will quickly discover that SQLServer2000 is
more than just a database server; it’s a solution platform. Understanding SQL
Server’s capabilities will become critical to designing and delivering your applica-
tions in an increasingly demanding market.
Whether you are a veteran SQLServer user or you need to get SQLServer up
and running for the first time, this book provides you with the insight and
instruction of several authors, each with expertise in his or her area of SQL
Server, so that you and your applications can begin enjoying the benefits of SQL
Server 2000.
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SQL Server 2000
Overview and
Migration Strategies
Solutions in this chapter:
■
Overview of SQLServer 2000: A .NET
Enterprise Server
■
New and Enhanced Features of
SQL Server 2000
■
SQL Server2000 Versions and
Requirements
■
Should You Migrate to SQLServer 2000?
■
Steps to a Successful SQLServer Migration
Chapter 1
1
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2 Chapter 1 • SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration Strategies
Introduction
Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL) Server2000 is the latest generation
of the popular SQLServer product line and the second release since its core
reengineering that produced SQLServer 7.0, released in 1999. This latest release
of SQLServer adds native Extensible Markup Language (XML) support, enhanced
online analytical processing (OLAP), data-mining capabilities, platform support
for Windows 2000, integration with Windows 2000 Active Directory, and
numerous performance, usability, and programming enhancements. SQL Server
2000 is available in six different editions to meet all levels of application develop-
ment and delivery:
■
SQL Server2000 Enterprise Edition
■
SQL Server2000 Standard Edition
■
SQL Server2000 Personal Edition
■
SQL Server2000 Developer Edition
■
SQL Server Desktop Engine (MSDE)
■
SQL Server2000 for Windows CE Edition
To meet scalability and availability goals, SQLServer2000 is the first release
designed and built to take advantage of Windows 2000 with support for up to 32
processors and 64GB of memory running on Windows 2000 Datacenter Server.
Windows 2000 Active Directory integration adds enhanced server and security
management features to SQL Server. The latest version of OLAP support, now
called Analysis Services, provides numerous wizards for ease of use and the
setup of OLAP and new data-mining solutions. One of the more publicized addi-
tions to SQLServer is its native support for XML. SQLServer2000 offers sup-
port for storing, using, and updating XML documents—an important requirement
because XML becomes the language of choice for many business systems and a
fundamental architecture component of Microsoft .NET.
SQL Server2000 is the first released member of the .NET Enterprise Server
family and offers numerous advantages to organizations considering migration to
this new platform. Enhancements in reliability, scalability, performance, and
administration, along with strong compatibility with previous versions, make this
release a strong candidate for early adoption into SQLServer 7.0 environments
and an immediate migration from organizations running on SQLServer 6.5.
Native XML support in SQLServer2000 will help many organizations begin
implementing this technology, which is quickly becoming a standard to both
external and internal systems, including e-commerce, Web application services,
and line-of-business applications.
This chapter discusses the changes in SQLServer2000 as well as assists
you in understanding the direction of Microsoft Windows Distributed interNet
Applications (DNA) Architecture Model toward .NET and the role of XML. You will
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review the available editions of SQLServer2000 and their features and require-
ments so that you can choose the appropriate edition for your organization. The
second half of this chapter discusses whether you should migrate to SQL Server
2000 as well as lays the groundwork for planning your migration.
Overview of SQLServer 2000: A .NET
Enterprise Server
In September 2000, Microsoft officially announced its .NET Enterprise Server line
and its commitment to .NET as Microsoft’s application architecture model. The
fundamental goal behind this new release of the company’s popular server
product line, now labeled .NET Enterprise Servers, is to provide simplified man-
agement, scalability, and availability throughout the enterprise, meeting the
application goals of every organization and offering extensive support for .NET
applications. SQLServer2000 is the first .NET Enterprise Server available for
public implementation and offers the data storage and management component
of .NET services as well as a peek into the Microsoft’s vision of .NET application
capabilities.
Before we can see where the future will take us, it’s always good to under-
stand exactly where things came from. Microsoft SQLServer was first released as
version 6.0 soon after Microsoft purchased and modified the code base to SQL
Server from Sybase Corporation in 1995. Through version 6.5, released in 1996,
SQL Server was accepted mainly as a departmental-scale database management
system (DBMS) and lacked much of the scalability and reliability of enterprise-
class solutions offered by companies such as Oracle and Informix.
Administration of the SQLServer 6.0 and 6.5 products required knowledgeable
SQL Serverdatabase administrators committed to monitoring server availability,
activity, and performance. For SQLServer to have the broad market reach that
Microsoft aims for in most of its products and to make it a fundamental compo-
nent in its then-new Windows Distributed interNet Applications (DNA)
Architecture Model, Microsoft needed to address the broad range of concerns and
downfalls that plagued SQL Server’s acceptance in both large and small organiza-
tions. In 1999, after several years of development and complete reengineering,
Microsoft released SQLServer 7.0, which offered numerous enhancements in
reliability, functionality, administration, security, performance, and scalability
and allowed SQLServer to become the most popular relational database manage-
ment system (RDBMS) in the market, with over 60 percent of all Web databases
running on SQLServer by the end of 1999 and 70 percent of the total databases
running on the Windows platform.
Soon after Microsoft launched SQLServer 7.0, several enhancements to the
product, such as the XML Technology Preview, the OLAP Manager Add-In, and
DTS Task Kit as well as two (now common) service pack updates, were released
as downloadable additions. With the aggressive schedules and demanding mar-
kets that you and I represent, service packs are bound to continue, but all the
SQL Server2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 3
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4 Chapter 1 • SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration Strategies
previous additions and fixes have been refined and included in SQLServer 2000,
along with countless enhancements in performance, availability, scalability, pro-
grammability, and management. SQLServer2000 is light years ahead of the
days of version 6.0 and is a required upgrade for nearly every SQL Server-based
application.
The Future of Windows DNA: Microsoft.NET
In 1997, Microsoft announced the Windows Distributed interNet Applications
(DNA) Architecture Model, which laid the foundations for building scalable, Web-
based solutions based on Microsoft’s line of servers, technologies, and develop-
ment tools. Emerging from the popular, two-tier (or client/server) application
architecture, DNA presents a distributed n-tier architecture model incorporating
Web technologies such as Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS),
including Active Server Pages (ASP), standard Web browser software such as
Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, protocols including HyperText Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), and enabling technologies such as Component Object Model
(COM) and Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects, OLE DB). Via standard Web
browser software, users are allowed access to DNA applications with little if any
need for configuration of the client. Application services are centrally managed
and delivered from the enterprise for enhanced reliability, scalability, and perfor-
mance. This popular application architecture model accounted for roughly 40
percent of all secure, transacted Web-based applications built by the end of
1999.
The DNA Architecture Model is logically divided into three layers:
Presentation Services, Business Services, and Data Services. Each layer plays a
specific role in the application, as depicted in Figure 1.1.
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Figure 1.1 The DNA Architecture Model.
HTML / DHTML
VBScript / JScript
ActiveX / Java Applets
Presentation / User
Services
Win32
COM
IIS / ASP
DCOMHTTP / SSL
COM / MTS / COM+
ADO
ODBC / OLE DB
COM Interfaces
Business / Logic
Services
ADSI MSMQ
Data / Information
Services
SQL
Server
Data
Source
Directory
Service
Message
Queue
Web Browser Windows
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SQL Server2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 5
The Presentation Services layer encompasses the Web browser and client-side
services such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to interpret and display
Web pages, VBScript, and JavaScript for user input validation, Dynamic HTML
(DHTML) for interface enhancements, and Java Applets or ActiveX Components
for enhanced client-side functionality. The Business Services layer is responsible
for much of the “work” in the application and handles tasks such as processing
user input, applying business rules and application logic, validating data in and
out of the Data Services layer, and delivering the application to the Presentation
Services layer. The third layer of the DNA model is Data Services, which is
responsible for storing and managing all types of information, including
databases, document storage, e-mail, and directory services data.
Now that you have a basic idea of the principles behind the DNA Model, we
can discuss the Windows DNA Platform. The DNA Platform is the collection of
software products, technologies, and tools that are used to physically build, host,
and manage DNA applications. Having a conceptual model makes the theory of
scalable, reliable, Web-based applications understandable, but to make it a
reality, you need to be able to actually construct the layers to form your applica-
tion. The Windows DNA Platform has continued to evolve as Microsoft releases
new versions of existing products and adds entirely new product lines to the
server, technology, and tools families. Today, the DNA Platform is made up of:
■
Microsoft Windows NT 4.0/2000 Server
■
Internet Information Server/Services (IIS4/IIS5)
■
Message Queue Server (MSMQ)
■
COM/COM+
■
Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects, OLE-DB, ODBC)
■
Security Services
■
Network Load Balancing
■
Cluster Services
■
Microsoft SQLServer 7.0
■
Microsoft Exchange Server 5.5
■
Microsoft SNA Server 4.0
■
Microsoft Site Server 3.0 Commerce Edition
■
Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0
Before we get into reviewing the responsibilities of each of these components,
we should clarify how Windows DNA 2000 fits into all this. Windows DNA 2000
is the short-lived name for what is now called the Microsoft.NET Enterprise
Servers. As Windows DNA evolves in to Microsoft.NET as the architecture model
for scalable, reliable, Web-based applications and services, the Windows DNA
Platform evolves into the .NET Enterprise Servers. The line of .NET Enterprise
Servers consists of:
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6 Chapter 1 • SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration Strategies
■
Microsoft Windows 2000Server Provides operating system and plat-
form services such as storage management, security, Web services, mes-
saging, and network services. Windows 2000Server includes the
following components:
■
Active Directory Services
■
Internet Information Services (IIS)
■
Active Server Pages+ (with the release of .NET)
■
Message Queue Server (MSMQ)
■
COM+
■
Data Access (ActiveX Data Objects+, OLE-DB, ODBC)
■
Security Service
■
Network Load Balancing
■
Cluster Services
■
Microsoft SQLServer2000 RDBMS offers data storage, management,
and analysis services. Provides XML support and Active Directory inte-
gration.
■
Microsoft Exchange Server2000 Provides messaging and collabora-
tion services such as e-mail, videoconferencing, and instant messaging.
Provides Active Directory integration.
■
Microsoft Host Integration Server2000 Offers access to legacy sys-
tems for information exchange, allowing integration with new technolo-
gies.
■
Microsoft Commerce Server2000 Provides the services for imple-
menting and managing electronic commerce Web sites on the Microsoft
platform.
■
Microsoft BizTalk Server2000 Offers the frameworks necessary to
facilitate data communications between heterogeneous systems using
standards-based formats such as XML.
■
Microsoft Application Center 2000 Provides the centralized manage-
ment of distributed applications across multiple servers for scalability
and reliability.
■
Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server2000 Provides
enterprise-class firewall and Web cache for enterprise security and Web
access performance.
■
Microsoft Mobile Information Server 2001 Although not scheduled to
be available until 2001, Mobile Information Server supports delivering
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and HTML to portable devices such
as cellular phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
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SQL Server2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 7
■
Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Provides the tools and languages neces-
sary to build applications using the .NET architecture components. The
.NET programming architecture supported by Visual Studio.NET
includes VB.NET, Active Server Pages+, ActiveX Data Objects+, and C#
as well as C++. Missing from Visual Studio.NET is Visual InterDev.
Microsoft Visual Studio.NET will incorporate a cross-language develop-
ment environment with Web application integration throughout all
Microsoft technologies, so the dedicated role of Visual InterDev is no
longer necessary for Web programming.
Each of these server applications, technologies, and development tools plays
a key role in delivering applications based on .NET. Microsoft has officially
labeled .NET its vision for the next-generation Internet. What does all this mean
for DNA developers and solutions built on the DNA platform? It means many
exciting technology advancements and extensions to the original DNA architec-
ture model.
What .NET is not is a replacement or shift away from the practiced and
sound foundations of the DNA Architecture Model. .NET offers enhancements in
many of the technologies with which developers currently work within their
applications, including new versions of Active Server Pages, called ASP+ or Web
Forms, and ActiveX Data Objects, called ADO+. Web Forms offer long-overdue
validation services and advanced, server-side controls supporting events for
building rich HTML-compliant application interfaces. Page logic is now separated
from the HTML and compiled for better performance, and a common language
runtime will allow developers to choose and mix their preferred languages with
complete compatibility. Microsoft’s commitment to Win32 applications continues
with Win Forms, the Win32 counterpart to Web Forms. Although the object
models between the two are not the same, this unique approach to offering a
comparable design model between Web applications and Windows applications
will allow developers to migrate between platforms with a comfortable approach
to writing code that has a higher level of productivity and developer availability.
All these enhancements are exciting for Web application designers and devel-
opers, but there is even more to .NET than the next version of these existing
technologies. One of the core principles of .NET is the delivery of Web services to
rapidly create powerful applications by integrating available services from within
the organization and throughout the Internet. This web of interconnected appli-
cations and services is the core of .NET. To accomplish this web, .NET imple-
ments abundant use of XML and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). SOAP
and XML are both industry-standard technologies, which open the door for het-
erogeneous system communications. These new services can exist and run on
any platform and be used by any application running on the platform of the
developer’s choice. Figure 1.2 illustrates the new vision in .NET.
The .NET Frameworks example extends the principles of DNA by providing
integrated use of external services within the application, reducing application
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8 Chapter 1 • SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration Strategies
development and management time. Features such as Common Language
Runtime leverage the broad range of developer skill sets, allowing complete sup-
port for mixed-language environments. Exchange of information with business
partners and other organizations is possible using industry-standard technolo-
gies, XML, and SOAP. The ability even exists to expose and share components of
the application with other organizations through Web services. Components such
as order entry or product information are made available for integration into
business partner systems and remote applications. .NET represents the next gen-
eration in distributed, reusable, and shared application architecture models.
So where does this leave SQLServer2000 in the .NET world? As in nearly all
applications, data storage and management are central to application function-
ality and availability. SQLServer2000 offers these traditional services and adds
compelling new features such as native support for using and delivering XML
documents, support for standard Internet protocols such as HTTP and Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) for secure Web access to SQL databases, and OLAP services,
along with numerous scalability and performance enhancements. All these
together make SQLServer2000 the sole container of information in your existing
DNA and future .NET applications.
New and Enhanced Features
of SQLServer 2000
SQL Server2000 delivers a more mature RDBMS from Microsoft. The first release
since the near-entire redesign of SQLServer that resulted in version 7.0, SQL
Server 2000 builds on that version and the feedback that resulted in two service
packs of enhancements and fixes to the SQLServer architecture. This latest
release offers enhanced reliability, scalability, programmability, and services for
SQL programmers and application developers. Delivering key new features allows
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Figure 1.2 The .NET Framework Model.
Web Service Web App Win32 App
Common Language Runtime (VB, C++, C#, )
Internet Information Services
ASP+ / Web Forms / XML
SOAP / XML
Subscribing Application
Win Forms
ADO+
XML / Data
COM+
SOAP / XML
Subscribed Web Service
SQL
Server
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SQL Server2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 9
SQL Server to meet the demands of large-scale enterprise applications, including
online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing, and electronic commerce,
in which SQLServer continues to grow in market dominance.
As a member of Microsoft’s .NET Enterprise Server family, SQLServer 2000
provides native support for XML as well as standard Internet protocols such as
HTTP and SSL. Numerous productivity enhancements are welcome additions for
SQL programmers, including new data types, trigger enhancements, user-defined
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Is .NET the End of DNA?
.NET is Microsoft’s first foray into a new architecture model, designed around the
increasing role of the Internet, since it announced DNA in the late 1990s. With the
exception of some quick-to-guess assessments of early .NET information, no one
is arguing that .NET will be the end of the popular and proven DNA Architecture
Model. DNA’s fundamental features, such as COM and multiple-tier environments,
will continue to be invaluable in .NET solutions—but with a new twist: more effi-
cient and rapid development and delivery. The fundamental principle behind .NET
is a more productive development and runtime environment, an essential ingre-
dient to meeting market demands and the increasingly rapid business shifts that
the Internet has fueled.
.NET offers next-generation releases of popular technologies such as ASP+
and ADO+ in response to developer feedback and to support delivering powerful
Web applications and services in record time. Unprecedented features such as
mixed-language programming and a common-language runtime will allow orga-
nizations to leverage existing programming skills. Rich architecture services in the
.NET Frameworks eliminate the need to repeatedly program and deal with tedious
“plumbing” tasks such as memory or thread management and security. Support
for nearly every popular language and richer architecture services are important
features as organizations suffer from a documented and continued shortage of
programmers.
.NET also offers a look into Microsoft’s vision of software services. Although
it will be some time before we see broad existence and acceptance of subscrip-
tion-based software, the Web services model in .NET is the 1.0 release of this prin-
ciple. The real benefit comes from the integration capabilities of services by
allowing different groups to develop and manage features in which they are
entrenched. By “subscribing” to these services, you can integrate them into your
application and deliver a complete solution in record time.
If your organization has invested countless amounts of resources toward
building DNA solutions, there is no need to begin sweating over .NET. Your expe-
rience with DNA and the ability to migrate existing applications and integrate .NET
services into your DNA solutions will make the process bearable and rewarding.
Continued
114_SQL_01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 9
[...]... found their way into the list of updates in SQL Server2000SQL developers have been using triggers for years www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 17 SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 to automate and control activity against tables SQLServer2000 adds enhancements to the AFTER trigger (the only trigger mode in previous SQLServer versions) and offers a new trigger... technology Soon after Microsoft released SQLServer 7.0, the XML Technology Preview for SQLServer was released, providing insight into, and a draft of, what is now native XML support in SQL Server2000SQLServer2000 offers native support for reading, writing, delivering, and using XML documents, the term for complete sets of XML tags and data The following additions to SQL Server, along with the latest version... configure! SQLServer 7.0’s OLAP Services have “grown up” and been renamed Analysis Services, offering OLAP and datamining capabilities native to SQLServer2000 Having been designed for Windows 2000, SQLServer2000 increases its scalability and availability levels, taking advantage of four-way fail-over clustering and support for up to 64GB of memory A popular scalability enhancement in SQLServer2000. .. (9,223,372,036,854,775,807) The sql_ variant data type is familiar to many Microsoft Visual Basic developers but is a new concept to SQL programmers The sql_ variant type is capable of storing various SQLServer data types, with the exception of text, ntext, image, timestamp, and sql_ variant types For example, you www.syngress.com 15 114 _SQL_ 01 16 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 16 Chapter 1 • SQLServer2000 Overview and Migration... querying XML Views in SQLServer2000 An XML View is an annotated XML Data-Reduced (XDR) Schema, which defines www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 13 SQL Server2000 Overview and Migration Strategies • Chapter 1 the structure of the XML document as well as element data types The XDR Schema can then be modified to define the relationship between the XML document elements and the SQLdatabase to create... products at http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/ A discussion of XML support isn’t complete without mentioning support for querying SQL Server2000 using HTTP Using the Configure SQL XML Support in IIS utility, located in the SQLServer program group, you can execute database queries against SQLServer using the Internet standard and firewallfriendly protocol, HTTP By combining XML Views and XPath Query statements,... being able to create indexes on views, as mentioned previously, SQLServer also supports defining indexes on computed columns The numerous improvements in index creation and index options improve SQLServer s relational database engine NOTE A useful addition to the Database Console Commands (DBCC) is the INDEXDEFRAG statement New to SQL Server 2000, DBCC INDEXDEFRAG defragments both clustered and secondary... with SQLServer 2000, includes many features for which developers have been patiently waiting The first noticeable change is the included Object Browser, which provides a common tree view of every object in your SQL Server, ranging from tables and views down to functions and data types This feature will be helpful for both experienced and new www.syngress.com 114 _SQL_ 01 1/2/01 12:21 PM Page 15 SQL Server. .. and with the exception of the SQL Debugger, these features work against SQLServer 7.0 database servers, so installing the latest client tools on your development workstation should be on your task list New Data Types SQLServer2000 adds three new data types to SQLServer s relational data-base engine: bigint, sql_ variant, and table The bigint data type is an 8-byte integer type with values ranging... views, which has allowed SQLServer to take over the Transaction Processing Council (TPC) leadership role in terms of price/performance measures and tremendously surpassing its rival, Oracle 8i, in scalability Sharing and exchanging data are common tasks in distributed application environments, and SQLServer2000 shines in this area Replication enhancements in SQLServer2000 allow for queued updating . delivery:
■
SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition
■
SQL Server 2000 Standard Edition
■
SQL Server 2000 Personal Edition
■
SQL Server 2000 Developer Edition
■
SQL Server. Features of
SQL Server 2000
■
SQL Server 2000 Versions and
Requirements
■
Should You Migrate to SQL Server 2000?
■
Steps to a Successful SQL Server Migration
Chapter