(Luận văn thạc sĩ) a contrastive analysis of syntactic and semantic features in english and vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat”

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY ĐOÀN THỊ THÙY LINH A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE PROVERBS CONTAINING THE WORD “EAT” Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Supervisor: TRƯƠNG VĂN ĐỊNH, Ph.D BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN ĐỒN THỊ THÙY LINH PHÂN TÍCH ĐỐI CHIẾU ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÚ PHÁP VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA TRONG CÁC CÂU TỤC NGỮ ANH VÀ VIỆT NAM CÓ CHỨA TỪ “ĂN” Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8220201 Người hướng dẫn: TS TRƯƠNG VĂN ĐỊNH i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that this thesis, entitled A contrastive analysis of syntactic and semantic features in English and Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat”, is my own work Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis does not contain materials published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Binh Đinh 2021 Đoàn Thị Thùy Linh ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratefulness to all of the following people for helping and motivating me complete the master thesis Firstly, my most deeply felt words go to my thesis supervisor, Dr Trương Văn Định for his extremely great support, guidance and encouragement Since the thesis was commenced, he spent his valuable time and effort to read my work thoroughly and reply promptly with insightful comments and critical questions so that I could deeply understand the problems and be on the track for the completion of the thesis Without his devoted assistance and careful revision, my thesis would not have been finalized My special thanks are reserved for the president and the staff of Nha Trang National College of pedagogy, who created favorable conditions for me to conduct the thesis I am also grateful to my friends for their constant encouragement and their help during the period of carrying out the research work Last but not least, my husband and beloved my son deserves my most sincere thankfulness for their love and strong motivations that have helped me cope with all obstacles in my life and inspired me to greater effort in finishing the study iii ABSTRACT This research aims to investigate the syntactic and semantic features in proverbs containing the word “eat” in English and Vietnamese and to find out the similarities and differences between two languages The data were collected from reliable sources, which consist of dictionaries and publications, both English and Vietnamese This study is carried out on the framework of Quirk et al.’s theory (1985) for English proverbs and the framework of Diệp Quang Ban (1996) for Vietnamese proverbs The cultural values are also presented in the study The quantitative and qualitative research approaches are also employed to analyze data The findings indicate that both the British and Vietnamese use sentence structures more than phrase structures in proverbs containing the word “eat” Compound sentences are the most used common with a high rate and comparative sentences are ranked in the lowest position in Vietnamese proverbs; meanwhile, the British tend to use complex sentences in their proverbs more In addition, parallel structures are also used in both English and Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat” In term semantic features, the homogeneity of thinking and perception of the British and Vietnamese can be found in proverbs containing the word “eat” Besides, the contents of the proverbs turn around the same topics such as health, social and family relationship, life experience, human personality and behavior The literal and figurative meaning is examined to find out the meaning of proverbs iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT… …… …………………………………………………iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study 1.2.1 Aim….………………………………………………………………………… 1.2.2 Objectives………………………………………………………………………3 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of proverb 2.1.1 Definition of proverb… …………………………………………………… 2.1.2 Classification of proverb…………………………………………………… 2.1.3 Distinction between proverbs and idioms………………………………… 2.1.4 Features of the word “eat” in English and Vietnames……….…………13 2.2 Theoretical framework…………………………………………… …….14 2.3 Some characteristics of Vietnamese and British eating culture……… 26 v 2.4 Previous Studies…………………………………………………………29 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 34 3.1 Research Methods 34 3.2 Data Collection 34 3.3 Data Analysis 34 3.4 Validity and Reliability 36 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 37 4.1 Comparison and contrast of EPWE and VPWE in terms of syntactic 37 4.2 Comparison and contrast of EPWE and VPWE in terms of semantics 47 4.3 The cultural similarities and differences between EPWE and VPWE 65 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 68 5.1 Main findings 68 5.2 Implications of the study 69 5.3 Limitations 70 5.4 Suggestions for further research 71 REFERENCES …… ……………………………………………………72 APPENDIX APPENDIX vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EPWE English proverbs containing the word “eat” VPWE Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat” vii LIST OF TABLES Table Number Name of Tables Page 2.1 Distinguishing criteria between proverbs and idioms 12 2.2 Summary of parts of noun phrase 15 4.1 Noun phrase structure 37 4.2 Verb phrase structure 38 4.3 Adjective phrase structure 38 4.4 Simple sentence structure 40 4.5 Compound sentence structure 42 4.6 Frequency of stylistic device 59 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Number Name of Figures Page 4.1 Statistical summary phrase structure 39 4.2 Statistical summary of sentence structure 43 4.3 Statistical summary of comparative sentence structure 45 4.4 Statistical summary of syntactic feature 46 71 Additionally, because the author’s specialist knowledge is limited; some aspects of semantic features of EPWE and VPWE have not deeply explained and could only be compared under some criteria, which may not be totally adequate for a thorough understanding of cross-cultural similarities and differences in the study These limitations lead to the results that the study might not be as convincing as expected Hopefully, although the study has some shortcomings, it could contribute useful knowledge to teaching and learning English language 5.4 Suggestions for further research Based on the above-mentioned limitations of the study, orientations for further research on proverbs containing the word “eat” will be proposed Firstly, a suggestion of future research is to focus on smaller categories of proverbs containing the word “eat” and provide more detailed analysis Other researchers can also conduct a study on proverbs containing the word “eat” which also occupy a large portion in the proverbs treasure of the both languages Secondly, this research is expected to be expanded by further study that investigates a comparison of the meanings of the word “eat” in English and the word “ăn” in Vietnamese 72 REFERENCES Vietnamese materials Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) Tiếng Việt-Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức (quyển 1).Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo dục Chu Xuân Diên, Lương Văn Đang & Phương Tri (1993) Tục ngữ Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Khoa học Xã hội Diệp Quang Ban (1996) Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Việt Tập Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo dục Hoàng Tiến Tựu (1990) Văn học dân gian Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo Dục Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Kể chuyện thành ngữ tục ngữ Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Khoa học Xã hội Lê Chí Quế, Võ Quang Nhơn & Nguyễn Hùng Vĩ (2004) Văn học dân gian Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Lê Thanh Hương & Đỗ Bá Lâm (2009) Quy tắc cú pháp tiếng Việt SP8.5 - Đề tài KC.01.01.05/06-10 http://luanvan.co/luan-van/tap-quy-tac-cuphap-tieng-viet-62446/ Lê Văn Hòe (1952) Tục ngữ lược giải Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Văn học Mã Giang Lân (2012) Tục ngữ ca dao Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo dục Nguyễn Đình Hùng (2014) Tuyển tập thành ngữ tục ngữ ca dao Việt-Anh thơng dụng Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà xuất Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Nguyễn Tài Cẩn (1996) Ngữ pháp Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Nguyễn Văn Nở (2005) Vấn đề nghĩa tục ngữ Tạp Chí Nguồn Sáng Dân Gian, (17), 11-24 73 Nguyễn Xuân Kính (2002) Kho tàng tục ngữ người Việt (tập 1) Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Văn hố Thơng tin Phạm Văn Bình (1997) Tục ngữ, thành ngữ nước Anh Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Hải Phịng Phạm Văn Bình (1993) Tục ngữ nước Anh thành ngữ tiếng Anh giàu hình ảnh Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Hải Phòng Phạm Văn Đức (1992) Triết học Mác- Lênin Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà xuất Đại học Sư phạm Thái Văn Sinh (2020) Bữa ăn truyền thống người Việt: Văn hóa bữa ăn gia đình Việt https://baohatinh.vn/van-hoa-ha-tinh/van-hoatrong-bua-an-gia-dinh-viet/190762.htm Trần Ngọc Thêm (1996) Tìm sắc văn hóa Việt Nam Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà xuất Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Vũ Dung (1993) Từ điển thành ngữ-tục ngữ Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Giáo dục Vũ Ngọc Phan (1978) Tục ngữ, ca dao, dân ca Việt Nam Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Khoa học Xã hội English materials Apperson, G L (2006) Dictionary of proverbs London: Clays Ltd Attia, M (2004) Dictionary of Common English Proverbs Retrieved on May 3rd 2021 from http://www.attiaspace.com/Publications/CommonProverbs Baker, M (2011) In other words: A coursebook on translation New York: Routledge Bonvillain, N (2019) Language, culture, and communication: The meaning of messages London: Rowman & Littlefield Bùi Thị Hoàng Mai (2011) An investigation into proverbs with words denoting humans in English and Vietnamese Unpublished Master thesis, 74 Da Nang University, Da Nang, Viet Nam Collis, H (1992) 101 American English proverbs Chicago: Passport Books Crowther, J (ed) (1992) Oxford advanced leaner’s dictonary New York: Oxford University Press Davis, A (1970) Let’s eat right to keep fit New York: Harcourt, Brace & World Dawson, C (2009) Introduction to reserch methods UK: Deer Park Đỗ Thị Minh Ngọc (2010) A cross-cultural study on weather proverbs in English and Vietnamese Unpublished Master thesis, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam Erlinda, R (2010) Linguistics for English language teaching: Sounds, words, and sentences Batusanghar: STAIN Batusanghar Press Eugenio, D L (1992) The proverbs Philippine: University of the Philippine Press Farmonovna, O.N (2014) Semantic Structures of English Phraseological Units and Proverbs with Proper Names Unpublised Master thesis, Samarkand State Institute Of Foreign Languages Fatemi, M A.,Tahmasebi, R., & Aghabeigi, H (2015) Contrastive Analysis of English and Persian Proverbs Related to Animals Greener Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 072–081 Flonta, T (2011) A dictionary of English & Roman language equivalent proverbs Doproverbio.com Fromkin, V A (2000) Linguistics-An introduction to linguistic theory UK: Blackwell Goodenough, W H (1981) Culture, language, and society California: Benjamin / Cummings Guralnik, D B (eds) (1980) Webster’s New World Dictionary, Cleveland: 75 William Collins Hall, E.T (1981) Beyond Culture New York: Doubleday Henry, D (1946) A world treasury of proverbs from twenty- five languages New York: Random House Hurford, J R., Heasley, B., & Smith, M B (2007) Semantics: A coursebook NewYork: Cambridge University Press Kaan, E (2020) Investigating the Effects of Distance and Number Interference in Processing Subject-Verb Dependencies Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 31(2) Kelly, J (2018) A complete collection of Scottish proverbs London: Franklin Classics Kramsch, C (1998) Language and Culture New York: Oxford University Press Kreidler, C W (1998) Introducing English Semantics London: Routledge Kroeger, P R (2018) Analyzing meaning-An introduction to semantics and pragmatics Berlin: Language Science Lauhakangas, O (2014) Catergorization of proverbs In H.H Gotthardt & M A Varga (Eds.), Introduction to Paremiology: A comprehensive guide to proverb studies (pp 49-66) Warsaw: De Gruyter Open Ltd Little, W (2012) Introduction to Sociology-1st Canadian edition Openstax College Lyons, J (2009) Language and Linguistics In Handbook for Classical Research New York: Cambridge University Press Macadam, J H (2006) A collection of proverbs of all nations on bread and baking Belgrade: Balkankult Foundation Manser, M H (2007) The facts on file dictionary of proverbs New York: Facts on file 76 Margulis, A., & Kholodnaya, A (2000) Russian-English dictionary of proverbs and sayings London: Mc Farland & Company, Inc Mariani, N., Mu’in, F., & Arief, Y.A (2019) An introduction to linguistics Indonesia: PBS FKIP Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin Mieder, W (1993) Proverbs are never out of season: Popular wisdom in the modern age New York: Oxford University Press Mieder, W (2004) Proverbs : A Handbook Westport: Greenwood Press Moreno, A I (2005) An analysis of the cognitive dimension of proverbs in English and Spanish: The conceptual power of language reflecting popular believes SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, 2(1), 42–54 Norrick, N R (1985) How proverbs mean New York: Amsterdam Paczolay, G (1998) Some notes on the theory of proverbs Porter, R E., McDaniel, E R., & Samovar, L.A (2007) Communication between Cultures Boston: Monica Eckman Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language New York: Longman Radford, A (2004) English Syntax New York: Cambridge University Press Ray, J (1817) A complete collection of English proverbs London: George Cowie Roberts, N B (2016) Analysing Sentences: An Introduction to English Syntax London: Routledge Speake, J (2008) The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs New York: Oxford University Press Speake, J., & Simpson, J (2003) The concise Oxford dictionary of proverbs New York: Oxford University Press Srijono, D (2010) An Introduction Course of Linguistic Muhammaditah 77 University Press Strauss, E (1998) Concise dictionary of European proverbs London: Routledge Taylor, A (1994) The wisdom of many and the wit of one In W Mieder & A Dundes, The wisdom of many eassays on the proverbs (pp 3-9) London: The University of Wisconsin Press Teodor, F (2001) A dictionary of English and Romance language equivalent proverbs DeProverbio.com Trench, R C (1861) Proverbs and their lessons London: Routledge Valin, R D V (2001) An Introduction to Syntax New York: Cambridge University Press Wright, E M (2010) Rustic speech and folklore New York: Oxford University Press Wright, J (2002) Idioms Organizer Global ELT: Christopher Wenger Zhangruie (2004) Study on Chinese and English Proverbs and Their Translation Journal of Pingxiang College, APPENDIX English proverbs containing the word “eat, eating, eaten” A broken bannock is as good as eaten (Macadam, 2006, p.16) A cake eaten in peace is better than two in trouble (Macadam, 2006, p.1) All meats to be eaten, all maids to be wed (Margulis, 2000, p.41) All the bread that I have eaten was not baked in one oven (Macadam, 2006, p.16) Asses fetch the oats and the horses eat them (Margulis, 2006, p.124) Before you trust a man, eat a peck of salt with him (Attia, 2004, p.14) Better eat grey bread in your youth than in your age (Macadam, 2006, p.124) Big fish eat little fish (Speake, 2008, p.55) Cats eat what hussies spare (Strauss, 1998, p.738) 10 Dog does not eat dog (Margulis, 2000, p.34) 11 Dog eats dog (Margulis, 2000, p.34) 12 Don’t make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you (Margulis, 2000, p.103) 13 Don’t eat the calf in the cow's belly (Margulis, 2000, p.233) 14 Each man must eat a peck of ashes before he dies (Apperson, 2006, p.168) 15 Eat an apple before going to bed, and you’ll make the doctor beg for his bread (Wright, 2010, p.174) 16 Eat at pleasure, drink by measure (Margulis, 2000, p.72) 17 Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper (Davis, 1970, p.25) 18 Eat leeks in March, garlic in May, all the rest of the year the doctors may play (Apperson, 2006, p.332) 19 Eat not cherries with the great (Ray, 1817, p.86) 20 Eat to live, not live to eat (Manser, 2007, p.72) 21 Eat well, be active, feel good about yourself (Apperson, 2006, p.158) 22 Eat when you’re hungry, and drink when you're dry (Apperson, 2006, p.167) 23 Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die (Manser, 2007, p.71) 24 Eaten bread is soon forgotten (Macadam, 2006, p.5) 25 Eaten meat is good to pay (Margulis, 2000, p.9) 26 Eating and scratching wants but a beginning (Phạm Văn Bình, 1997, p.122) 27 Eating brings an appetite (Phạm Văn Bình, 1997, p.123) 28 Envy eats nothing but its own heart (Margulis, 2000, p.73) 29 Fools make feasts and wise men eat them (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2014, p.177) 30 Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day Teach a man how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime (Manser, 2007, p.112) 31 Good eating deserves good drinking (Henry, 1964, p.45) 32 Have one’s cake and eat it (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2014, p.85) 33 He has nothing to eat and talks about marriage (Macadam, 2006, p.6) 34 He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf (Margulis, 2000, p.103) 35 He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut (Attia, 2004, p.86) 36 He was a bold man that first ate an oyster (Henry, 1964, p.73) 37 He who has money will have food to eat (Margulis, 2007, p.71) 38 If ever you make a good pudding, I’ll eat the prick (Kelly, 2018, p.123) 39 If we eat up everything at night, there is nothing but black bread next day (Macadam, 2006, p.7) 40 If you can’t get crumb, you must fain eat crust (Margulis, 2000, p.27) 41 If you want a pretence to whip a dog, say that he ate the frying pan (Margulis, 2000, p.27) 42 If you won’t work you shan’t eat (Manser, 2007, p.140) 43 It is a good thing to eat your brown bread first (Teodor, 2001, proverb 300E) 44 It is hard to pay for porridge that has been eaten (Henry, 1964, p.85) 45 It is not good to eat too much honey, nor it is honorable to seek one’s own honor (Margulis, 2000, p.64) 46 It is the quiet pigs that eat the meal (Henry, 1964, p.87) 47 Never be ashamed to eat your meat (Ray, 1817, p.78) 48 One fences the tree one eats (Henry, 1964, p.101) 49 One may tire of eating tarts (Macadam, 2006, p.10) 50 One mouse eats the clothes and all the mice get into trouble (Attia, 2004, p.149) 51 Revenge is a dish that should be eaten cold (Speake and Simpson, 1982, p.96) 52 Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings (Apperson, 2006, p.296) 53 Slow to work, quick to eat (Margulis, 2000, p.71) 54 Take thine ease, eat, drink and be merry (Henry, 1964, p.120) 55 The appetite comes with eating (Margulis, 2000, p.16) 56 The ass loaded with gold still eats thistles (Margulis, 2000, p.32) 57 The ass that brays most, eats least (Phạm văn Bình, 1997, P.312) 58 The bread eaten, the company dispersed (Margulis, 2000, p.135) 59 The cat knows whose butter he has eaten (Margulis, 2000, p.132) 60 The cat would eat fish, but would not wet her paws (Margulis, 2000, p.89) 61 The crow bewails the sheep, and then eats it (Apperson, 2006, p.122) 62 The less you eat, the longer you live (Macadam, 2006, p.45) 63 The most dangerous food to eat is wedding cake (Henry, 1964, p.135) 64 The proof of the pudding is in the eating (Margulis, 2000, p.147) 65 The still sow eats up all the draft (Margulis, 2000, p.112) 66 They that have no other meat, bread and butter are glad to eat (Margulis, 2000, p.72) 67 Three things give us hardy strength: sleeping on hairy mattresses, breathing cold air, and eating dry food (Henry, 1964, p.142) 68 Who eats his cock alone must saddle his horse alone (Apperson, 2006, p.168) 69 Who makes himself a sheep will be eaten by the wolves (Margulis, 2000, p.103) 70 Winter eats what summer lays up (Margulis, 2000, p.114) 71 You are what you eat (Apperson, 2006, p.48) 72 You cannot eat for tomorrow (Margulis, 2000, p.30) 73 You can’t eat your cake and have it (Speake, 2008, p.245) APPENDIX Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat” Ăn bớt bát, nói bớt nhời (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.26) Ăn có nhai, nói phải nghĩ (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.29) Ăn cắp quen tay, ngủ ngày quen mắt (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2007, p.25) Ăn nào, rào (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.27) Ăn chọn nơi, chơi chọn bạn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.29) Ăn có chừng, chơi có độ (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.29) Ăn cỗ trước, lội nước theo sau (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.30) Ăn cơm nhà thổi tù hàng tổng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.37) Ăn cơm với cáy ngáy o o, ăn cơm thịt bị lo ngáy (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.32) 10 Ăn ngủ tiên, không ăn không ngủ tiền thêm lo (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.34) 11 Ăn kĩ lo lâu, cầy sâu tốt lúa (Vũ Dung , 1993, p.37) 12 Ăn hết miếng ngon, nói hết lời khơn hóa rồ (Vũ Dung , 1993, p.37) 13 Ăn lấy vị không lấy bị mà đong (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.38) 14 Ăn mặn nói ngay, cịn ăn chay nói dối (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.39) 15 Ăn miếng, tiếng muôn đời (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.41) 16 Ăn nên đọi, nói nên lời (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.41) 17 Ăn nói thật, tật lành (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.42) 18 Ăn tằm ăn rỗi (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.44) 19 Ăn thuyền chở mã, làm ả chơi trăng (Lê Văn Hòe, 1952, p.28) 20 Ăn nhạt biết thương đến mèo (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.42) 21 Ăn mỏ khoét (Vũ Dung , 1993, p.43) 22 Ăn rồng cuốn, nói rồng leo, làm mèo mửa (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.43) 23 Ăn nhớ kẻ trồng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.46) 24 Ăn quen bén mùi (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.46) 25 Ăn thật làm giả (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.47) 26 Ăn trộm, ăn cắp thành phật, thành tiên.Đi chùa, chiền bán thân bất toại (Lê Văn Hịe, 1952, p.32) 27 Ăn trơng nồi, ngồi trơng hướng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.49) 28 Ăn trứng đừng ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.42) 29 Buôn tàu bán bè không ăn dè hà tiện (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.96) 30 Cá không ăn muối cá ươn, cãi cha mẹ trăm đường hư (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.105) 31 Chưa ăn cỗ lo phần (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.179) 32 Cố đấm ăn xôi (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.217) 33 Có đức mà ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.191) 34 Có gan ăn cướp, có gan chịu địn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.191) 35 Có khó có mà ăn, ngồi không dễ đem phần tới cho (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.192) 36 Cơm ăn bữa, chữa bệnh kịp thời (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.220) 37 Còn mẹ ăn cơm với cá, chết mẹ liếm đầu đường (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.215) 38 Của giữ bo bo, người thả cho bị ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.66) 39 Của non, ăn mòn hết (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.232) 40 Đạn ăn lên, tên ăn xuống (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.263) 41 Đói ăn rau, đau uống thuốc (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.295) 42 Đói ăn vụng, túng làm càn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.295) 43 Đời cha ăn mặn, đời khát nước (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.304) 44 Được ăn cả, ngã không (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.308) 45 Giàu tham việc, thất nghiệp tham ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.346) 46 Giàu ăn, khó chịu (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.341) 47 Học ăn, học nói, học gói, học mở (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.379) 48 Hùm chẳng nỡ ăn thịt (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2007, p.102) 49 Kẻ ăn không hết, người lần chẳng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.387) 50 Kẻ ăn rươi, người chịu bão (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.387) 51 Kẻ tham ăn lấy đào huyệt (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2007, p.104) 52 Khen nết hay làm, khen nết hay ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.394) 53 Khéo ăn no, khéo co ấm (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.394) 54 Khôn ăn người, dại người ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.399) 55 Làm phúc tay, ăn mày không kịp (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.415) 56 Làm quan ăn lộc vua, chùa ăn lộc phật (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.415) 57 Miếng ăn miếng nhục (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.452) 58 Miệng hỏa lò ăn hết nghiệp (Nguyễn Xuân Kính, 2002, p.1773) 59 Muốn ăn cá, phải thả câu dài (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.468) 60 Muốn ăn lúa tháng tám, xem trăng rằm tháng tám (Nguyễn Xn Kính, 2002, p.1885) 61 Muốn ăn lăn vào bếp (Nguyễn Xuân Kính, 2002, p.1887) 62 Ngồi mát ăn bát vàng (Nguyễn Đình Hùng, 2014, p.139) 63 Người giàu tham việc, thất nghiệp tham ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.484) 64 Nhà giàu đứt tay ăn mày đổ ruột (Vũ Dung, 1993, P.487) 65 Nhịn đói nằm co, ăn no vác nặng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.495) 66 Nuôi lợn ăn cơm nằm, nuôi tằm ăn cơm đứng (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.506) 67 Ông ăn chả, bà ăn nem (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.513) 68 Sơn ăn tùy mặt, ma bắt tùy người (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.559) 69 Thật ăn cháo, láo nháo ăn cơm (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.581) 70 Thấy ăn tìm đến, thấy đánh tìm (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.581) 71 Trâu buộc ghét trâu ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.606) 72 Trâu chậm uống nước dơ, trâu ngơ ăn cỏ héo (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.606) 73 Vợ chồng tuổi ngồi duỗi mà ăn (Vũ Dung, 1993, p.639) ... phrases in proverbs containing the word “eat” Based on the examples above, the author can summarize the noun phrase structures of English and Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat” in the. .. to deal with linguistic features of proverbs containing the word “eat” It is for this reason that the author made a study of English and Vietnamese proverbs containing the word “eat” (EPWE and. .. research aims to investigate the syntactic and semantic features in proverbs containing the word “eat” in English and Vietnamese and to find out the similarities and differences between two languages