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Handbook of
Comparative
World Steel Standards
Third Edition
John E. Bringas, Editor
DS67B
ASTM AFNOR API BSI CEN CSA DIN ISO JIS SAE
Handbook ofComparative
World Steel Standards
ASTM DS67B
Third Edition
John E. Bringas, Editor
ii
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook ofcomparativeworldsteelstandards / John E. Bringas, editor. – 2
nd
ed.
p.cm – (ASTM data series; DS 67A)
“ASTM stock number: DS67A.”
ISBN 0-8031-3042-2
1. Steel — Standards —Handbooks, manuals, etc., 2. Steel alloys — Standards — Handbooks,
manuals, etc. I. Bringas, John E., 1953- II. ASTM data series publication; DS 67A.
TA472.H25 2002
620.1’7’0218—dc21 2001045950
CIP
Copyright 2004 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be
reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical electronic, film, or other distribution and
storage media, without the written consent of the publisher.
Photocopy Rights
Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the
internal personal, or education classroom use of specific clients, is granted by the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the
Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: 978-750-8400; online:
http://www.copyright.com/
.
Printed in USA
August 2004
iii
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Michael Ling, P.Eng. and Denise Lamy,
P.Eng., who were the Assistant Editors of the second (DS67A) and third (DS67B) editions of this
handbook. They worked many long hours, weekends, and holidays to researching hundreds of
standards and double-checking thousands of pieces of data. Their work in compiling the heat
treatment terms for each standard and researching the new EN piping and tubing standards was of
particular importance. They were also my main sounding boards when difficult technical decisions
had to be made.
There were also several ASTM committee members contacted for their input during the progress of
this handbook, including Ralph Davison, Frank Christensen, David Knupp, and John Mahaney.
They added valuable insights into the history and technical aspects of the ASTM standards data
found in this handbook. The ASTM publishing staff—including Kathy Dernoga, Roberta Storer and
Margie Lawlor—was most supportive of my requests to obtain access to the hundreds ofstandards
needed to write this book and assistance with editing. I appreciate their patience and confidence in
me to complete the work. Thank you all.
The author also acknowledges the dedicated assistance of Steven Li and Nina Phan who assisted in
the research and entered much of the data in the book with care and diligence. A special thank you
to Christine Doyle who entered data almost endlessly into the late hours of the night for the second
edition (DS67A), and to Debbie Knack–who kept the office running smoothly during the production
of this handbook.
A special thanks is extended to IHS Engineering Products for use of their Engineering Resource
Center (ERC).
One person could not have produced this handbook and the accompanying e-book. It took a dedicated
team of professionals. These acknowledgments cannot adequately express the author’s sincere
appreciation and gratitude for everyone’s assistance. Without it, this book would never have been
completed.
v
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Preface
This is the book I never wanted to write, but always wanted to own. As a metallurgical engineer and
long time user ofsteel standards, author of the four CASTI Metals Data Books, and member of
ASTM A01 and B02 standard committees, I knew all too well the many pitfalls and challenges of
writing such a handbook. There were many steelstandards from around the world that were new to
me, which created far too many surprises and delays in completing this book.
Comparing steelstandards is not an exact science, so the biggest challenge of preparing such a book
was deciding on the "rules of comparison." Of the similar books on the market today, none explain in
detail why one steel is comparable to another. They simply appear together in a list of steels. I kept a
daily diary to help construct a workable set of comparison rules that I could share with other users to
assist them in understanding how and why one steel is comparable to another.
To say the least, these rules changed from chapter to chapter while the book was being written. It
wasn't until the last chapter and appendix were completed that I was able to finalize the rules of
comparison. In the end, a complete review of the book was performed resulting in the reorganization
of some chapters and the fine-tuning of others. There were too many occasions when I thought the
book was finished, only to have to change, add, or delete a rule which made yet another review of the
book necessary.
After more than two years of researching steelstandards and gathering data from around the world
for the 2
nd
and 3
rd
editions of this handbook, then developing a comparison order to more than
100,000 pieces of data, this handbook is an ongoing and expanding project. The addition of a fully
searchable e-book on CD-ROM makes this product even more valuable, since trying to find one piece
of data in more than 100,000 is not an easy task. The e-book makes searching for a comparable steel
a quick and easy process. In some cases, the user may find out that the steel is non-comparable.
I hope you enjoy using this handbook as much as I will. Tie a chain to it and anchor it to your desk,
because once others see it, they'll want to use your copy. I am interested in your comments and
suggestions to improve this handbook, so I encourage you to send your feedback directly to ASTM.
John E. Bringas, P.Eng.
vi
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Getting Started With This Book
Comparing steelstandards is not an exact science and there is no foolproof method. When you begin
to use this book, you'll quickly discover that there is no such thing as "equivalent" steel standards.
Then, consider the fact that not all steels have comparative counterparts and you'll begin to
understand the methodology used in this book. Before proceeding directly to the contents of this
book, it is strongly recommended that you read Chapter 1, which includes a detailed explanation of
the "rules of comparison" used in this book.
Since there was insufficient space on one page to place both the chemical composition and
mechanical properties tables, they were split into two separate tables. To assist the user in keeping
track of which comparison criteria were used for a given steel, each table within a chapter was
sequentially numbered and appended with either the letter A or B. Table numbers ending in the
letter A designate that the table was the main criterion used for comparison; whereas table numbers
ending with the letter B were "mirrored" from the A table.
Each group ofsteel data in the tables is separated by two types of horizontal lines: black and grey.
Black lines separate groups of steels that are more closely comparable to each other, whereas grey
lines separate steel data within a comparative group.
Caution: do not confuse the thinner dividing black line within a table, with the thicker black line
that borders the outside of the table. The pages are formatted to keep comparative groups together
as much as possible. However, when a group ofcomparative steels extends to more than one page, a
note is place at the bottom of the page to indicate that the comparative group continues on the
following page, i.e., NOTE: This section continues on the next page.
vii
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Getting Started With This CD-ROM
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XP Professional or XP Home Edition
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Getting Started
The E-book ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards on CD-ROM is a fully searchable Adobe PDF file.
Once the E-book is opened, a menu will appear with several options to navigate and search through
the E-book. This menu contains links to the Table of Contents, all four Indexes, and to the Search
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ix
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards 1
Myth and Methodology When Comparing SteelStandards 1
Comparative and Closest Match 2
Organization 5
Definition and Steel Terms 5
Cautionary Note 7
Questions Regarding the Rules of Comparison 8
Non-Comparable Steels 8
Criteria for Comparing Steels 8
List of Comparison Rules 10
Brief Introduction to SteelStandards and Designation Systems 12
ASTM Designation System 12
ASTM Reference Standards and Supplementary Requirements 13
SAE Designation System and Discontinued AISI Designation System 14
Carbon and Alloy Steels 14
UNS Designation System 15
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 16
Introduction to European Standard Steel Designation System 17
EN 10027 Standard Designation System for Steels 18
Steel Names 18
Steel Numbers 18
Former National Standards Replaced by CEN Standards 19
2. Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use 21
2.1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for General Use 23
2.2 Chemical Composition of High Manganese Carbon Steels for General Use 34
2.3 Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for General Use 35
2.3.1 Chromium (Cr) Steels 35
2.3.2 Chromium-Molybdenum (Cr-Mo) Steels 37
2.3.3 Chromium-Nickel (Cr-Ni) Steels 38
2.3.4 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) Steels 39
2.3.5 Chromium-Molybdenum-Aluminum (Cr-Mo-Al) Steels 40
2.3.6 Boron (B) Steels 41
2.3.7 Chromium-Vanadium (Cr-V) Steels 42
2.4 Non-Comparable Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use 43
3. Structural Steel Plates 47
3.1 Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates 50
3.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates 50
3.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates 66
3.2 Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates 72
3.2.1A Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates 73
3.2.1B Chemical Composition of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates 75
3.2.2A Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates 79
3.2.2B Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates 84
3.3 Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistance 88
3.3A Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric
Corrosion-Resistance 88
3.3B Chemical Composition of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric
Corrosion-Resistance 94
x
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
3.4 Non-Comparable Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates 97
3.5 Non-Comparable Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates 98
4. Pressure Vessel Steel Plates 99
4.1 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 103
4.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates 103
4.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates 109
4.2 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates - With Impact Testing Below -20°C 113
4.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C 113
4.2B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C 115
4.3 ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 117
4.3A Chemical Composition of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 117
4.3B Mechanical Properties of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 119
4.4 Cr-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 121
4.4.1A Chemical Composition of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 121
4.4.1B Mechanical Properties of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel for Pressure Vessel Plates 121
4.4.2A Chemical Composition of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 122
4.4.2B Mechanical Properties of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 122
4.4.3A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 123
4.4.3B Mechanical Properties of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 123
4.4.4A Chemical Composition of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 124
4.4.4B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 125
4.4.5A Chemical Composition of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 126
4.4.5B Mechanical Properties of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 126
4.4.6A Chemical Composition of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 127
4.4.6B Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 127
4.4.7A Chemical Composition of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 128
4.4.7B Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 128
4.5 Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 129
4.5.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 129
4.5.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 129
4.5.2A Chemical Composition of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 130
4.5.2B Mechanical Properties of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 130
4.5.3A Chemical Composition of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 131
4.5.3B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 131
4.5.4A Chemical Composition of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 132
4.5.4B Mechanical Properties of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 133
4.5.5A Chemical Composition of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 134
4.5.5B Mechanical Properties of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 134
4.5.6A Chemical Composition of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 135
4.5.6B Mechanical Properties of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 136
4.6 Ni-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 137
4.6.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 137
4.6.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 138
4.6.2A Chemical Composition of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 139
4.6.2B Mechanical Properties of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 140
4.7 Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 141
4.7A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates 141
4.7B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates 142
xi
Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards
4.8 Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 143
4.8A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 143
4.8B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 146
4.9 Duplex Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 151
4.9A Chemical Composition of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates 151
4.9B Mechanical Properties of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates 152
4.10 Non-Comparable Carbon and Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 153
4.11 Non-Comparable Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates 156
5. Steel Tubes and Pipes 157
5.1 Carbon Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications 165
5.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes for General and
Structural Applications 165
5.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes for General and
Structural Applications 176
5.2 Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications 185
5.2A Chemical Composition of Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications 185
5.2B Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications 186
5.3 Stainless Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications 188
5.3.1A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications 188
5.3.1B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications 189
5.3.2A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications 190
5.3.2B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications 193
5.4 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service 196
5.4A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C 196
5.4B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C 198
5.5 Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service 199
5.5A Chemical Composition of Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service 199
5.5B Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service 200
5.6 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes 202
5.6A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes 202
5.6B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes 204
5.7 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 206
5.7A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 206
5.7B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 210
5.8 Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 213
5.8.1A Chemical Composition of ¼Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 213
5.8.1B Mechanical Properties of ¼Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 213
5.8.2A Chemical Composition of ½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 214
5.8.2B Mechanical Properties of ½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures 215
[...]... carbon steel, alloy steel, low-alloy steel, and stainless steel) ; EN 10020:2000 Definition and Classification of Grades of Steel; (defines the terms: non-alloy steels, other alloy steels (which include alloy quality steels and alloy special steels), and stainless steels) HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards 6 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 Note that these two standards, ... refers to steel The first two digits following the "1" represent the steel group number Examples ofsteel numbers are as follows: • • EN 10222-2 Steel Name 13CrMo4-5, Steel Number 1.7335 EN 10250-4 Steel Name X2CrNi18-9, Steel Number 1.4307 Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards 19 Former National Standards Superseded by CEN Standards. .. Properties of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels 410 8.2.5A Chemical Composition of Duplex Stainless Steels 412 8.2.5B Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels 412 8.3 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Standards: Plate, Sheet and Strip 413 8.4 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Standards: Bar 415 HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards xvi 9 Steels for... included at the end of the chapter in the non-comparable list Therefore, if a particular steel was found to be unique and did not have a comparable steel, the user would not have to search any further Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards 12 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 Brief Introduction to SteelStandards and Designation Systems In the worldof standardization,... this handbook In these cases, the closest match comparison decisions were made at the discretion of the editor Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards 5 Organization Two of the main variables in selecting a specific grade ofsteel are its intended application (use) and product form, which usually narrows the selection to a family of steels... found in this handbook is only one step in finding suitable comparable steel for the intended application With this basic methodology in place, the following is a list of the comparison rules that were established to produce this handbook HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards 10 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 List of Comparison Rules 1 The first criterion of order for... type of data is still very useful, and has been included in this handbook whenever possible This type of data is identified with an explanatory note that appears in the list ofstandards at the beginning of the related chapter Handbook ofComparativeWorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards 11 11 Some standards included multiple requirements for impact testing, for... Non-Comparable Line Pipe Steels 263 6 Steel Forgings 265 6.1 Carbon Steel Forgings 268 6.1.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use 268 6.1.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use 271 HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards xiii 6.1.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping,... been approved, e.g., prEN 10088-1 HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards 18 Introduction to Comparing WorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 EN 10027 Standard Designation System for Steels The CEN designation system for steels is standardized in EN 10027, which is published in two parts: • • Part 1 - Steel Names Part 2 - Steel Numbers The steel name is a combination of letters and numbers as described... 601 Steel Number Index 609 Specification Designation Index 617 HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPARING WORLDSTEELSTANDARDS Myth and Methodology When Comparing SteelStandards When comparing steelstandards from different national and international standard development organizations (SDOs), there is no such thing as equivalent steel . 1 Introduction to Comparing World Steel Standards 3
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Five grades of steel were eventually eliminated. Composition of Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use 271
xiii
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
6.1.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel