Student 1: You know It was said on TV last night that the tigers in Vietnam are becoming extinct
Student 2: That’s true It seems to me that the government can’t stop poachers from hunting and killing tigers
Student 3: But isn’t that agaisnt the laws?
Student 1: Sure it is but because of big profits, many people just ignore the laws Student 2: That’s terrible! What can we do?
Student 3: Well one thing to do about it is to tell people to stop using medicine made from the parts of the tiger
Student 1: What if that doesn’t work?
Student 2: Well then another way to stop them is to give severe punishments for those who hunt, kill and sell animals
Student 1: Yes, and we should give heavy fines for those who use medicine or products made from the parts of tigers
Student 3: Maybe we can get a TV station to run a story on it Many people hate bad publicity
Student 1: Ok That sounds better now * How to protect and save Dugong
Student 1: Um, can you tell us what we should do to protect and save dugongs?
Student 2: Sure It is sort of complicated, but you see, we mustn’t dump wastes into the sea because dugongs can not live in polluted water
Student 3: Er, is hunting a great danger to them?
Student 4: Yeah! This is certainly causes them to be extinct Student 1: And what shouldn’t we do?
Student 2: Um First, we mustn’t dump wastes into the sea because dugongs can not live in polluted sea
Student 1: Thanks a lot I think people should be informed of the ways endangered species are protected and saved
Student 2: I couldn’t agree more WRITING
PRE-WRITING
a) Read the paragraph about measures to save gazelles from extinction and write appropritae sentences in the blanks in the outlines:
GOI Y TRA LOI
Trang 2Topic sentence: There are three main measures to protect gazelles from extinction Supporting idea 1: | Humans must stop poaching gazelles for their horns, meat and
skin
Supporting idea 2: They mustn’t kill gazelles massively
Supporting idea 3: Gazelles should be kept together in their natural habitat so that they can breed successfully
Concluding sentence: Gazelles will be saved from extinction when these measures are carried out effectively
WHILE - WRITING b)
1 Match the pictures with appropriate endangered species:
GỢI Ý TRẢ LỜI
A picture 3 B picture 4 C picture 1 D picture 2 2 Suggest measures to save these endangered species:
GOI Y TRA LOI
DANGERED MEASURES TO SAVE THEM
SPECIES
— whales — People mustn’t hunt and use whales / flamingos — flamingos /gazelles / chimpanzees for commercial
— gazelles purposes
—chimpanzees_ | -—- Whales / flamingos /gazelles / chimpanzees may be well taken care of in protected areas
— They must be kept in natural habitats
— Massive killing of whales / flamingos /gazelles / chimpanzees must be banned
— Humans must keep water, air, and land clean to preserve natural habitats for whales / flamingos /gazelles / chimpanzees
— Humans must provide whales / flamingos /gazelles / chimpanzees with appropriate habitats to live in and breed successfully
— Governments must stop illegal trade of whales / flamingos / gazelles / chimpanzees and their associated products
— Authorities must control fishing successfully because fisheries might decrease whale population and cause food shortage to whales
Trang 3
— Boat traffic and noise should be reduced to preserve good habitat for whales
POST -WRITING c) Bài viết gợi ý
1 There are three measures that should be taken to stop chimpanzees from becoming extinct First people mustn’t destroy the natural habitats where chimpanzees live and breed Second, hunting and killing chimpanzees for commercial purposes should be banned Finally, there should be more wildlife habitat reserves where chimpanzees can live in the clean air, drink clean water and are provided with healthy food Only when these three measures are taken can chimpanzees enjoy life and develop
2 There are three main measures to protect whales from extinction First, humans mustn’t pollute the sea Second, governments must control fishing successfully because it might decrease whale population and cause food shortage to whales Third, boat traffic and noise should be reduced to preserve good habitat for whales It is believed that when these measures are carried out effectively whales will be saved from extinction
LANGUAGE FOCUS
WORD STUDY * Expressions with MAKE
Trong quá trình học tiếng Anh hoc sinh thường gặp khó khăn trong việc sử dụng chính xác từ DO và MAKE
Trong phạm vi bài này chúng ta sẽ chỉ làm quen vối một số thành ngữ thông dụng sử dụng với MAKE
Sau đây là một số thành ngữ thông dụng sử dụng với MAKE 1 To make the arrangements
Trang 47 To make criticisms E.g: Please let me know if you have any criticisms to make 8 To make a/ no difference E.g: It made no difference whether you believe me or not 9 To make an excuse E.g: I don’t like to make an excuse but I was too busy to do my homework last night 10 To make fun of E.g: Everyone will make fun of you if you go to school dressed like that 11 To make friends E.g: He only wants to make friends Don’t make fun of him 12 To make a list
E.g: Before going shopping I have to make a list of things I need 13 To make dirty marks
E.g: You’ ve made dirty marks on the wall 14 To make money E.g: I’d like to know how he has made so much money 15 To make a mess E.g: The children have made an awful mess in their bedroom 16 To make mistakes E.g: Try not to make too many mistakes 17 to make a move
E.g: It’s time for us to make a move 18 To make noise /to make a sound —
E.g: I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise
How were the prisoners able to make their escape? They didn’t make a sound 19 To make a name
E.g: It’s hard to make a name without a lot of talent and hard work 20 To make a phone call
E.g: Excuse me I have to make a phone call 21 To make plans E.g: Let’s make some plans for the next weekend 22 To make a profit E.g: I made a small profit on the sale of my car 23 To make progress
E.g: If you want to make more progress, you must practice more 24 To make room for
Trang 5E.g: Your explanation simply doesn’t make sense 26 To make sure E.g: Make sure you lock the door when you leave 27 To make a speech E.g: We were disappointed because he made a long boring speech 28 To make a start E.g: We’ ve got a lot to do so it’s time to make a start 29 To make trouble
E.g: I don’t want to make trouble for you 30 To make war / peace
E.g: Sorry but I come here to make peace not to make war * 'Thực hành a) Match the expressions with MAKE in column A with their appropriate meanings in column B GOI Y TRA LOI l.c 2.2 3.e 4.b 5 f 6.a 7.d
b) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions with MAKE in column A to make the sentence meaningful
1 The use of computers has made it possible for learners in remote areas to do distance learning
2 He made a mistake when getting married at an early age 3 He is good enough to make the team in his office
4 His small business made a profit of 200 million dong last year
5 You should make an appointment with Dr Jones for a health checkup 6 Be sure to make the bed as soon as you get up
7 Professor Manh’s words made an impression on his students and colleagues GRAMMAR
MODAL AUXILIARIES
Các trợ động từ (còn gọi là trợ động từ hình thái-) dùng để bổ nghĩa thêm cho động từ
chính về tính chất, mức độ, khả năng, hình thái, của hành động Chúng ta sẽ lần lượt đề
cập đến ý nghĩa của chúng ở các phần sau Do chúng là các trợ động từ, nên không thay thế
được cho động từ chính (phải luôn có động từ chính đi kèm), cũng như không dùng kèm với các trợ động từ khác cùng loại hoặc với các trợ động từ đo, đoes, đid Cũng không dùng tiểu tif to trước và sau các trợ động từ Trợ động từ hình thái không biến đổi theo ngôi hay theo
Trang 6Present tense Past tense will could can might may should Shall eee must would Ví dụ và cách đùng trợ động từ:
I can swim; she can swim, too (không chia theo ngôi) He can swm (Không dùng: He cans swim hoặc He can swims) They will leave now (Khéng dung: They will feaving now hoac They will can leave now.)
They have to go now He has to go now (chia theo ng6i) * Câu phủ định dùng trợ động từ
Trong câu phủ định, thêm øø¿ vào sau trợ động từ, trước động từ chính: John will leave now — John will not leave now
He can swim — He cannot swim
Chú ý khi viết tắt: will not —> won”t; must not > musn’t; would not > wouldn’t; could not > couldn’t; cannot > can’t
* Câu nghi vấn dùng trợ động từ
Trong câu hỏi, đặt trợ động từ ở đầu câu: John will leave now > Will he leave now?
Xin nhắc lại, trợ động từ hình thái luôn đi với dạng thức nguyên thể không có fø của động từ Vì vậy, sau trợ động từ hình thái không bao giờ có các dạng [verb-Ing], [verb+s], [to + verb] hay thời quá khứ của động từ Chỉ có hai cách sử dụng trợ động từ hình thái:
(1) modal + [simple form of verb]: would be, can go, will have, must see, (2) modal + have + [verb in past participle]: could have gone, would have been Tất nhiên trong cách (2), từ have chinh 1a d6ng ti nguyên thể không có /ø; không
được thay thế nó bằng has hay had
Trong phạm vi bài này chúng ta sẽ chỉ đề cập đến những động từ hình thái sau May: có thể, dùng để xin phép hoặc cho phép
E.g: You may go now May I come in?
May còn được dùng để chỉ sự tiên đoán
E.g: It may rain tomorrow
Trang 7might: đã có thể, là hình thức quá khứ của may khi dùng để diễn tả sự xin phép hoặc cho phép:
E.g: John said that I might go with him
Khi dùng với nghĩa có lẽ để chỉ sự tiên đoán, zmighf cũng được dùng để chỉ sự tiên đoán ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai như 2y
E.g: It might rain tomorrow
Quá khứ của mipht trong trường hợp này là might+ have + Vpp E.g: He might have come here while we were out
must: phải, dùng để chỉ bổn phận, một sự bắt buộc ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai E.g: You must go now
When must I do it? We must eat to live
Must va have to thuéng được xem là tương đương với nhau øye íø thường được dùng để thay thé must 6 thi tuong lai (will have to) va qua khứ (had to) vì must khong c6 cdc dạng khác để chia ở các thì này
E.g: They will have to come here tomorrow He had to hand in the report yesterday Mary has had to sell her house
Trong trường hợp này chúng ta dùng DO để tạo thể phủ định và nghi vấn với “have to”
E.g: Do you have to work on Saturday? No I don’t
* Tuy vậy vẫn có một sự khác biệt nhỏ khi sử dụng must va have to + Must diễn tả một sự bắt buộc đến từ người nói
+ Have to diễn tả một sự bắt buộc đến từ một tình thế hay điều kiện bên ngoài E.g: You must learn this lesson by heart (Teacher said to his students)
You have to learn this lesson by heart (A student said to his/her friend(s)) Must còn có nghĩa là hẳn là, chỉ một sự suy đoán
E.g: Mary must be at home The light in her room is on He must have an early class; he leaves home at six You have to wear a raincoat It is raining outside Mustn’t: khong được, chỉ một sự cấm đoán
E.g: You musn’t ride a motorbike without wearing a helmet You mustn’t ride too fast It’s agaisnt the law
Có một sự khác biệt khi sử dụng mustn°t (cấm không được) và don’t have to (khéng cần phải)
E.g: You mustn’t use a dictionary during exam time
Trang 8E.g: You need not go
You need not give me the answer right now
Cần lưu ý sự khác nhau giữa need là một trợ động từ va need là một động từ thường E.g: You need not go /You needn’t go
You don’t need to go Your hair needs cutting Needn?t: không cần phải
E.g: You needn’t hurry We still have time * Thực hành
Write answers to the questions, using appropritate modal auxiliary:
GGIY TRA LOI
1 B: It must be banned/ It must be stopped 2 B: Well, it is suggested that humans
— mustn’t make campfires in forests
— must stop buying fashionable wildlife products — must stop eating meat of wild animals
— must stop using medicine made from the parts of wild animals — mustn’t rely on wildlife products for our life
— mustn’t add more pollutants to the environment — must stop killing endangered species massively — mustn’t destroy forests
— mustn’t pollute their natural habitats
— musin’t sell and use the flesh of rare animals as food, and their associated products as medicines or ornaments
3 B: -They must give severe punishments for those who hunt, kill or sell animals
They must have campaigns to raise people awareness for protecting and preserving wildlife
I think they must prohibit, capture, or impose heavy fines on poachers, hunters, sellers, and buyers of wild animals
4 B: No, they needn’t They must take actions or it will be too late
Instead, they must take such actions as educating people to preserve and save natural habitats, preventing and banning human capture and trade of endangered species
5 B: In my opinion, rare animals are becoming extinct because of humans’ needs
As I see it The causes of their extinction may / might be due to loss of good natural habitats, population decrease, and massive killing
Trang 9Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân cho chúng ta biết được tại sao hành động đó xảy ra
Như tất cả các mệnh đề trạng từ khác mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân có thể đứng đầu câu, trước một mệnh đề chính nhưng cũng có khi nó đứng cuối câu hay sau một mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân thường bắt đầu bằng” Because” hay một trong
những liên từ sau đây:
“As, Since, Seeing that, Now that”
E.g: He sold the car because it was too small
Since / as / seeing that / now that you don’t help me, I must do the job myself He studied hard because he needed a good grade
As it’s raining, we have decided to stay home Would you consider it since she asked nicely?
Người ta thường sử dụng các từ này để thay thế cho nhau nhưng trong thực tế có một khác biệt nhỏ về cách sử dụng các từ này
Những mệnh đề bắt đầu với since; as; seeing that; now that thường đứng trước mệnh đề chính trong khi đó những mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng because thì thường đứng sau
* As my secretary is away at present, I have a great many extra letters to answer
* Thave a great many extra letters to answer because my secretary is away at present Ở trong câu trước người ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào mệnh đề chính trong lúc đó ở câu sau người ta lại nhấn mạnh đến mệnh đề phụ
Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân còn được thay thế bằng cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân (phrase of reason) because of
Về ý nghĩa because và because of hoàn toàn giống nhau nhưng cách sử dụng lại khác nhau:
- Because phải được sử dụng với một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh (có chứa một động từ được chia hợp với chủ từ đứng trước nó) because + subject + verb
Because of được sử dụng với một danh từ hay cụm danh từ because of ciing thudng c6 thé thay thé bing cum tit due to because of + noun (phrase) Ving (pharse)
E.g: Jan was worried because it had started to rain
Jan was worried because of the rain
Trang 10The students arrived late because of the traffic tram
We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage Ghi Chi: Cum ti because of c6 thé dting 6 dau cau
Because of the heavy rain the football match had to be put off Thực hành
a) Underline the adverbial clauses of reason in the sentences Then rewrite them, replacing the underlined adverbial clauses by adverbial phrases
GOI Y TRA LOI
1 He bought this sleeping bag because he is going to spend one week at the
campsite in Con Dao national park
— He bought this sleeping bad because of his one week’s stay at the campsite in Con Dao National Park
Put on your raincoat because it is raining heavily — Because of the heavy rain, put on your raincoat She got lost because she didn’t have a map
— She got lost because of not having a map
| don’t take a bus to school every morning because streets are always so crowded
— I don’t take a bus to school every morning because of crowded streets
He can’t fix your bicycle because he doesn’t have a screwdriver of the proper Size
— Because of not having a screwdriver of the proper size, he can’t fix your bicycle
b) Work with a partner Ask and answer the questions, using either because or because GOI Y TRA LOI
1 Because people hunt them for food
Because of sea pollution/ hunting/ and little protection against predators 2 Because there are not enough bamboos for them to eat
Because of human capture/ habitat loss/ and their decreasing population 3 Because their habitat is destroyed and their horns are so valuable
Because of habitat loss/ poaching/ and purchase of their parts for associated products such as medicines and ornaments
BAI TAP CUNG CO 10
Trang 11Choose one word whose bold printed part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group
1 A cacti B crisis C oasis D tiger 2 A species B chemical C benefit D effect 3 A needs B products C thousands D dams 4 A beast B measure C reading D increase
5 A.endangered B.depended CC increased D preserved
Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others by circling the corresponding letter A or B, C, D
6 A endangered B destruction C.deforestation D extinction 7 A.environment B conservation C existence D endangerment 8 A biologist B agriculture C.development D agreement 9 A classify B generate C develop D organize
10 A vulnerable B appropriate C.commercial D inaccurate Part 2: Language
These are incomplete sentences Circle A or B, C, D as your best choice to complete each sentence
11 A squirrel monkey may attaina_ —_ of about 1100g
A weigh B height C size D weight
12 Many plant and animal species are now in danger of
A extinct B extinction C extinguishing D disappearance 13 The Red List is a_ list of endangered and vulnerable animal species
A long B local C global D national
Trang 1218 The government should enact laws to protect wildlife from trade
A commercial B domestic
C international D legal
19 Different activities should be carried out to raise the of our people about the matter
A knowledge B awareness
C thought D understanding
20 Government should take measures to stop people from doing _ to the environment
A harm B damage C good D bad
21 The habitats for endangered animals are being _———_—s damaged and polluted
A completely B partly
C seriously D wholly
22 The development of wildlife habitat reserves is a good _ because it helps save a
large number of endangered species
A conservative B conservation
C protection D protective
23.People_ _ hunt and use whales for commercial purpose A needn’t B mustn’t C.don’tneedto D don’t have to
24.Remember not to or you will fail
A make a mistake B make an appointment C make an impression D make a profit
the habitat destruction, 25 Many species are in danger of extinction
commercial exploitation and pollution
A because of B inspite of C because D although Part 3: Reading
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow by circling the corresponding letter (A or B, C, D) of the correct answers Mark your choice on the answer Sheet
SAVING THE TIGER
Trang 13and 10, 000 cattle so, the land (31) be handed back to nature
Today, Ranthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall enough for tigers to (32) th khu in and there are now at (33) forty of them in the park, wandering freely about Other animals have also benefited For example, there are many more deer and monkeys than before The people who (34) are now living in better conditions They live in new villages away from the tiger park, with schools, temples and (35) water supplies There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animal’s future looks a little safer
26 A.on B up C in D off
27 <A.frightened _ B benefited C scared D threatened 28 A beautiful B large C special D wonderful
29 A because B when C if D so
30 A lived B left C saved D protected
31 A must B should C could D might
32 A sleep B hide C play D live
33 A best B most C least D hand
34 A.hadmoved B.were moved C moved D are moved 35 A healthy B clean C fresh D lots
Part 4: Writing
In these sentences, each one has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D Choose the one word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct by circling letter A or B, C, D
36 As long as people keep to buy fashionable wildlife products, wild A B C animals are in danger D 37 What is the population of pandas of the world? A B C D 38 The disappearance of one or several species may result in the lost of A B C D biodiversity 39 There is a number of measures that should be taken to protect A B C endangered animals D 40 Road and dam constructions have damaged seriously available A B C habitats D
Rewrite the following sentences Replace because with because of and vice versa 41 It was difficult to deliver this letter because the sender had written the wrong
address on the envelope
Trang 1442 We decided to leave early because the party was boring 43 Rescue attempts were temporarily halted because of the bad weather 44 Nobody went outdoors because of the hurricane warnings 45 We have to drive around the bay because the bridge was destroyed in the storm ĐÁP ÁN Part 1: Pronunciation Choose one word whose bold printed part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group
1 C oasis 2 A species 3 B products 4 B measure 5 B depended 6 C deforestation 7 B conservation 8 B agriculture 9 C develop
10 A vulnerable Part 2: Language
Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others by circling the corresponding letter A or B, C D
11 D weight 12 B extinction 13 C global
14 D biologist 15 D disappearance 16 A remaining 17 B survival 18 A commercial 19 B awareness 20 A harm 21 C seriously 22 B conservation 23 B mustn’t 24 A make a mistake 25 A because of Part 3: Reading
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow by circling the corresponding letter (A or B, C, D) of the correct answers
26 B up 27 D threatened 28 C special
29 A because 30 B left 31.C could
32 B hide 33.C least 34 B.were moved
35.C fresh Part 4: Writing
Questions 56—65: In these sentences, each one has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D Choose the one word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct by circling letter A or B, C, D
36 B to buy — buying
37 D of —> in
38 D the lost —> the loss 39 A There is — there are
40 B have damaged seriously — have seriously damaged
Rewrite the following sentences Replace because with because of and vice versa 41 It was difficult to deliver this letter because of the wrong address on the envelop 42.We decided to leave early because of the boring party
Trang 1544 Nobody went outdoors because the governments had warned the local people about the hurricane 45 We have to drive around the bay because of the destroyed bridge UNIT 11 BOOKS SACH READING
BEFORE YOU READ
a) Match the pictures with the right kinds of books:
DAP AN
1.E 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.E
READING TEXT
A Doan van sau day là một đoạn tiêu biểu trích từ cuốn tiểu thuyết Emma cua Jane
Austen, một nhà văn nữ người Anh Bối cảnh của câu chuyện là làng Highbury nơi
mà mọi người không ngớt đàm tiếu về một cô Hawkins nào đó mà ông Elton sắp sửa đính hôn
B Bản chất tự nhiên của con người là có khuynh hường thường nghĩ tốt cho những ai sống trong hoàn cảnh gợi nhiều chú ý của người khác nên một thanh niên dù sắp kết hôn hay vừa qua đời cũng đều chắc chắn được nói tốt)
C Chưa đến một tuần kể từ cái ngày tên cô Hawkins lần đầu tiên được nhắc đến ở cái xứ Highbury này mà cô ấy, bằng cách này hay cách nọ, đã được khám phá ra phẩm chất con người thật và trí tuệ của mình như là một người thanh tú, lịch thiệp, xuất sắc và vô cùng dễ thương: để rồi khi ông Elton đến, ông ta không còn thứ gì khác để làm ngoài việc nói thêm cho mọi người biết cái tên thánh của cô ấy và cô ta thích chơi
nhạc của ai
D Giọng văn quá êm ả bình than đến nỗi chúng ta gần như bị choáng khi thấy hai từ kết hôn và chết được xếp gần nhau ngay trong câu đầu tiên Chắc chắn rằng việc kết hôn
và việc chết là hai việc hoàn toàn khác nhau Nhưng trong ngôi làng này nơi mà đám
cưới cũng như đám tang đều là những sự kiện hiếm hoi và quan trọng thì cả hai việc này đều dễ khuấy động những lời đàm tiếu tốt lành Lời bình phẩm rõ ràng thừa nhận đây là những vấn đề nhạy cảm không liên quan đến nhau