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Acid DepositionMonitoringNetwork
in EastAsia(EANET)
Data Report2007
October 2008
Network Center for EANET
Table of Contents
Page
1. Introduction
1
2. Network Description
5
3. Wet DepositionMonitoring
13
3.1 Method
15
3.1.1 Field Operation
16
3.1.2 Laboratory Operation
16
3.1.3 Data Management
16
3.1.4 Meteorological Measurements
17
3.1.5 Overview of the Statistics and Definitions
18
3.1.6 Terms and Abbreviations
21
3.1.7 Monitoring Sites
22
3.2 Results of Monitoring
25
4. Dry Deposition (Air Concentration) Monitoring
129
4.1 Method
131
4.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Method
131
4.1.2 Filter Pack Method
131
4.1.3 Monitoring Sites
131
4.2 Results of Monitoring
136
5. Soil and Vegetation Monitoring
171
5.1 Method
173
5.1.1 Field Operation
173
5.1.2 Laboratory Operation
175
5.1.3 Monitoring Sites
176
5.2 Results of Monitoring
176
6. Inland Aquatic Environment Monitoring
189
6.1 Method
191
6.1.1 Selection of Sampling Sites
191
6.1.2 Field Operation
191
6.1.3 Laboratory Operation
192
6.1.4 Monitoring Sites
193
6.2 Results of Monitoring
194
Appendix : Meteorological Statics at the Monitoring Sites
231
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1. Introduction
The AcidDepositionMonitoringNetworkinEastAsia(EANET) was established as an
initiative for regional cooperation among the participating countries, creation of a common
understanding on the state of aciddeposition problems and for providing useful inputs to policy
makers at various levels.
Monitoring activities started during the preparatory phase activities of EANET from March
1998 to December 2000. Regular monitoring of aciddeposition started from January 2001 with
the participation of 10 countries, namely China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Cambodia, with Lao PDR and
Myanmar joining EANET in 2001, 2002 and 2005 respectively, there are currently 13 countries
participating in EANET activities.
Acid depositionmonitoring of EANET covers four environmental items – wet deposition, dry
deposition (air concentration), soil and vegetation, and inland aquatic environment. Monitoring
of wet and dry deposition has been implemented in order to measure atmospheric concentrations
and to evaluate fluxes of acidic substances to the land surface, while monitoring for
soil/vegetation and inland aquatic environment was carried out to assess adverse impacts on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The monitoringdata was used to evaluate the state of acid
deposition as well as impacts on ecosystems.
Participating countries are required to submit the data and related information obtained from the
monitoring activities conducted at the EANET sites in their respective countries to the Network
Center of EANET (NC) by the end of June of each calendar year based on the guidelines of
EANET. The NC had prepared and presented a draft DataReport 2007, which contains the
monitoring data from the participating countries at the Eighth Session of Scientific Advisory
Committee (SAC8), held inOctober2008. The draft DataReport was considered at SAC8 by
the experts from participating countries. Following the comments and guidance at SAC8, NC
has elaborated and finalized the report.
The DataReport2007 contains the data obtained from monitoring activities carried out in2007.
CHAPTER 2
Network Description
2. Network Description
2.1 Classification of Monitoring Sites
EANET monitoring sites are classified into two basic categories, namely aciddeposition
monitoring sites and ecological survey sites. Aciddepositionmonitoring sites are sites
collecting fundamental data on the temporal and spatial distribution of acid deposition, and they
are further classified into 3 sub-categories: remote sites, rural sites and urban sites for the
objectives of the monitoring. Ecological survey sites are those that provide basic data for
assessing the effects of acidification on terrestrial ecosystems, and they are further classified
into 2 sub-categories: survey sites and ecosystem analysis sites. The criteria used for
classification of the sites are presented in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Classification of Monitoring Sites
Site Category Site Classification Main Purpose and Siting Criteria
Acid DepositionMonitoring
Site
for wet deposition and dry
deposition monitoring
Urban Site
- Assessment of the state of aciddepositionin
urban areas
- Urbanized and industrial areas, and the areas
immediately outside the urban area
- Data can be used for evaluation of aciddeposition
effect on buildings and historical monuments or
human health
Rural Site
- Assessment of the state of aciddepositionin rural
areas and/or hinterlands
- Data can be used for the evaluation of acid
deposition on agricultural crops, forests and etc.
- More than 20km apart from large pollution
sources like cities, power plants and highways
Remote Site
- Assessment of the state of aciddepositionin
background areas
- Data can be used for evaluation of long-range
transport and deposition models
- More than 50km apart from large pollution
sources like cities, power plants and highways
- More than 500m apart from main roads (more
than 500 vehicles per day)
Ecological Survey Site
for soil and vegetation
monitoring and Inland aquatic
monitoring
Basic survey site
- Accumulation of
b
asic data on soil, forest, and
inland aquatic environment and disclose trends in
their properties
- In the vicinity of the aciddepositionmonitoring
site
Ecosystem analysis site
- Assessment of aciddeposition impacts on whole
ecosystem through application of terrestrial
ecosystem analysis and/or catchment analysis
- Sensitive Areas to changes in atmospheric acidity
and ecologically conserved area
2.2 Monitoring activities in2007
Thirteen EANET countries, namely, China, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea and Russian
Federation of the North-East Asian region, and Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Lao
PDR, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam participated inmonitoring of aciddepositionin2007.
Monitoring data was submitted from a total of 50 monitoring sites, including 20 remote, 11 rural
and 19 urban sites. A map showing the location of these sites is provided in Figure 2.1
. The
details on the location of the monitoring sites are presented in Table 2.2
.
Figure 2.1 Locations of EANET Sites in2007
(Note) “Xi’an”, “Chongqing”, “Xiamen”, and “Zhuhai” includes 2 sites, respectively. “Jakarta” includes
also nearby “Serpong” and “Bandung” sites, and “Bangkok” includes also nearby “Samutprakarn” and
“Patumthani” sites. “Metro Manila”/“Los Banos” and “Hanoi”/“Hoa Binh” are described as one point,
respectively due to map scale. Khao Lam Dam and Vachiralongkorn Dam (of earlier Data Reports in
2000-2003) were renamed into Khanchanaburi and also Mae Hia was renamed into Chiang Mai in 2004.
Danum Valley
Nakhon Ratchasima
Mt. Sto. Tomas
Tokyo
Yangon
[...]... 30’ Longitude : East, 96° 07’ Instruments : Wet-only Sampler (US-330) Altitude : 21.7m CHAPTER 3 Wet DepositionMonitoring 3 Wet DepositionMonitoring 3.1 Method To obtain comparable, high quality monitoring data, each participating country is required to carry out aciddepositionmonitoring using common methodologies as specified in the Guidelines for AcidDepositionMonitoring in East Asia, Technical... of Monitoring The monthly summaries of each monitoring site in 2007 are shown in Table 3.6 through Table 3.54 The annual summaries of wet depositionmonitoring in 2007 are shown in Table 3.55 through Table 3.57 Results of ion balance (R1) and the conductivity agreement (R2) of each monitoring site are shown in Table 3.58 Figure3.2 to Figure 3.49 are plots of R1 and R2 for each site The following information... Technical Documents on Wet DepositionMonitoring in EastAsia and related QA/QC documents, which were adopted at The Second Interim Scientific Advisory Group Meeting in March 2000 The flow chart that summarizes the procedures for sampling and chemical analysis to be followed by the participating countries is presented in Figure 3.1 Prepare and Measure Weight of Sampling Bottle (gr.) In Lab ↓ Collection of... (QA/QC) Program for Wet DepositionMonitoring in EastAsia adopted at the Second Interim Scientific Advisory Group Meeting in March 2000 for details on data management 3.1.4 Meteorological Measurements Wind direction/speed, temperature, humidity, precipitation amount and solar radiation in relation to wet deposition should be measured at the nearest meteorological station in accordance with the measurement... the vicinity of the aciddepositionmonitoring sites Information on the ecological survey sites and their activities are further described in Chapters 5 and 6 Table 2.3 Outline of Wet and Dry Deposition (Air Concentration) Monitoring Dry Dep Country Name of sites Cambodia China Phnom Penh Chongqing-Guanyinqiao - Jinyunshan Xi’an - Shizhan - Jiwozi Xiamen - Hongwen - Xiaoping Zhuhai - Xiang Zhou -... summaries of annual data from 2000 to 2007 are shown in Table 3.59 through Table 3.83 The site identification codes are given in Table 3.84 Please note that the datain 2000 is obtained during the preparatory-phase activities of EANET The summaries contain the precipitation amount weighted average, the maximum and minimum data reported over the year, data completeness (%PCL, %TP), the wet deposition amount,... precipitation was not 0 mm [%TP .
Acid Deposition Monitoring Network
in East Asia (EANET)
Data Report 2007
October 2008
Network Center. deposition monitoring using common methodologies as specified in the
Guidelines for Acid Deposition Monitoring in East Asia, Technical Documents on Wet
Deposition