CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTYIN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 20162020
lOMoARcPSD|10070358 MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY - - ESSAY MACROECONOMICS CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTY IN LAI CHAU PROVINCE IN 2016-2020 Hanoi, 5/202 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics Table of contents I INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Define 2 Sum up: Causes for Poverty: .3 Effects of Poverty: .4 Overview of the research problem .4 RESULTS OF POVERTY REDUCTION WORK IN THE 2011 - 2015 PERIOD II CAUSES .8 Drawbacks 10 III Soluions 13 Effectively implement policies to support production, create jobs and increase incomes of poor households, especially poor ethnic minority people in extremely difficult circumstances: 13 Infrastructure investment 14 Supporting the poor who lack 05 basic social needs under the multidimensional poverty scheme of the Prime Minister: 14 Capacity building for poverty reduction officials 15 Strengthen credit support for poor and near-poor households 16 IV SUM UP 16 PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics I INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Define Poverty is a multidimensional problem, with numerous causes and contributing factors Because of its complexity and subtleties, misconceptions abound about the poor One common belief is that poverty is caused by overpopulation; many people think that if the poor would only stop having children they could rise out of poverty Another belief is that poor people must have made wrong choices that led to their poverty While these explanations might seem to make sense on the surface, they are in fact extremely simplistic In the United States and other developed nations, beliefs about the poor frequently are based on stereotypes: many people think the poor are lazy; that the majority of poor people are immigrants or ethnic minorities; that the poor are single parents who should never have had children to begin with; or that the poor are dangerous, criminals, or mentally ill Poverty is not the result of personal failings, nor is it only a matter of income Poverty is directly related to health, education, housing, political opportunities, and other factors Likewise, poverty worsens people's social status and diminishes their involvement in their communities and in the larger sphere These human development factors are critical to understanding poverty They are also critical to solving the immense problem of poverty Additionally, there are political and economic policies that can contribute to impoverishment Most of the explanations are, however, as problematic as poverty itself Sum up: Poverty can be defined as a state in which people are not able to afford enough material goods for their basic needs This may include food but also social needs Although poverty tends to decrease and has been decreasing over the past decades, it still is a big problem for many people worldwide In this article, the causes, effects and solutions for poverty are examined Extent and Development of Poverty Poverty is a severe issue that is present in some countries much more than in others In the past decades, poverty has been a big issue for many countries in South-Asia, East Asia and Pacific as well as in Sub-Saharan Africa A report of the World Bank shows that PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics poverty in South-Asia and East Asia is likely to decrease substantially until 2030 However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty will stay quite stable until 2030 Causes for Poverty: Low income Adverse climatic conditions Orphanism Lack of education Limited access to credits Health issues Exploitation of labor Inflation and lack of investment opportunities And tons of other causes for poverty… Effects of Poverty: Dependence Drug use Starvation Mental issues Adverse working conditions Poor housing and living conditions Spread of diseases And a lot of more… Poverty is not a problem of an individual nation but an issue that the whole world needs to solve as soon as possible Overview of the research problem About Lai Chau province Lai Chau is a border highland province, about 500 km northwest of Hanoi capital, the province's natural area is 9,067.87 km2, accounting for 2.75% of the total area of the country The whole province has 08 districts, cities, 108 communes, 1,164 villages, including 06 poor districts (according to Resolution 30a), 75 communes, 622 extremely difficult villages Lai Chau province's population as of December 31, 2015 was over 43,000 people, the average population density of 47 people / km2 The province has 20 ethnic groups living together, ethnic minorities account for nearly 87% of the total population The percentage of poor households as of December 31, 2015 according to the poverty line for the period of 2011-2015 is 18.75%, and the poverty line for 2016-2020 is PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics 40.4% Natural, socio-economic conditions all significantly affect the reality of poverty and poverty reduction in the province Natural condition Geographical location: The North and Northwest of the province are adjacent to Yunnan province of China, the West is adjacent to Dien Bien province, the East and the Southeast is bordered by Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces, the South is contiguous with Son La province Located on the roads and waterways of the Da River These are favorable conditions for Lai Chau to develop goods exchange and tourism, and reduce poverty However, the location is far from development centers, and the infrastructure is still facing many difficulties, which has affected investment attraction, the competitiveness of local goods Wide land, high terrain, diverse ecology, heavy rainfall, cool climate for developing agricultural economy, industrial crops (rubber, tea), medicinal plants (cardamom, astiso ) However, the terrain is wide but the land area for production and production capacity is low; The complicated climate has brought about many risks in production Having a dense system of rivers and streams, which is an important watershed and protection zone of Da and Lai Chau rivers, has great potential for developing hydroelectricity and creating more jobs for laborers As a province with many mines of construction materials such as construction stone, limestone this is a favorable condition for Lai Chau to develop the industry of mining and mineral processing, and at the same time contribute to creating jobs making industry - construction area However, due to low mineral reserves, manual exploitation conditions, the price is not competitive compared with other local goods Social and economic conditions In the past 10 years, the province's economy has had a good growth rate, but its size is small, the budget revenue is low, so the local budget is arranged to implement the poverty reduction program limited, most of it is central budget Local enterprises and production facilities increase rapidly in number of medium and small scale, therefore, not have enough resources to invest in large projects, especially in potential fields (hydropower, Agriculture …) Policies to attract PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics investment were issued by the province with many incentives but due to many reasons (low infrastructure, small market size; geographical location far from major economic centers ) Attracting businesses, economic groups to invest in the locality remain modest The commodity market is fragmented, spontaneous and the market information system is weak, so it is difficult to sell products to workers Lai Chau has an abundant labor force (young population size, high proportion of working age laborers), which is a favorable condition for Lai Chau to promote the implementation of economic development programs local society However, the skills are still limited, not familiar with the working style and discipline of industrial labor, so it is difficult to find jobs inside and outside the province Lai Chau has 20 ethnic minorities living with many unique cultural features, this is an important condition to promote the development of cultural tourism In recent years, many models of eco-tourism development in association with community culture have been established and achieved initial results However, due to low and unequal educational attainment, high percentage of poor households, the idea of self-satisfaction and expectation, dependence still continue to affect the implementation of poverty reduction solutions RESULTS OF POVERTY REDUCTION WORK IN THE 2011 - 2015 PERIOD In the 2011 - 2015 period, the provincial steering committee issued many guidelines as well as regular field visits to ensure effectiveness A lot of policies are in place such as: Preferential credit for the poor Program on how to business (agricultural extension - forestry extension) for poor households Legal aid for the poor Medical assistance program for the poor RESULTS Every year, the rate of poor households reduces and exceeds the target assigned by the province every year by 5.6%, exceeding the target set by the Resolution The poverty rate PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics of the province from 46.78% as of January 1, 2011 decreased to 18.75% as of December 31, 2015 - The idea of waiting and relying on the support of the State and the province has gradually decreased, some poor households have voluntarily applied for escape from poverty - The life of people in poor communes has been gradually improved The average per capita income of the whole province in general, especially difficult areas in particular, has a good growth rate, per capita income from VND 8.2 million in early 2010 to VND 18.2 million in 2015 - The infrastructure system in the province is gradually invested comprehensively, especially infrastructure for socio-economic development such as irrigation works, dailylife water, classrooms, and boarding houses for students since then have promoted practical effects to serve production and people's life - The direction and administration work has been renovated with many contents; Awareness of responsibility on poverty reduction of all levels, sectors and people has been raised, mobilizing the political system to implement poverty reduction - Vocational training and job creation policies have created conditions for laborers to create jobs or find jobs with stable incomes for themselves and their families; The support policies on health and education have created conditions for people to gradually access and enjoy with more advanced social services - Policies on supporting production, supporting plant varieties and animal breeds of economic value have contributed to the restructuring of plant and animal breeds in the districts and helped the poor have access to good science new techniques in production to raise income and overcome poverty sustainably - Achievements in poverty reduction have contributed to strengthening and strengthening national unity, maintaining political security, social order and safety in the province Province’s condition in 2016 Currently, Lai Chau province has 6/8 districts and cities of poor districts according to the Government's Resolution 30a / 2008 / NQ-CP dated 12/12/2008 on rapid and sustainable poverty reduction programs in poor districts ; There are 75 extremely difficult communes and 617 extremely difficult communes PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics According to the survey results of poor and near-poor households under the multidimensional scheme as of January 1, 2016, the total number of poor households in the province is 36,094 households, the poverty rate is 40.4%; the number of near-poor households is 8,982, the proportion of near-poor households is 10.05% In which: The number of poor households in rural areas is 34,246 households, the percentage of poor households is 48.74%; Some communes have a high rate of poor households over 90% such as Bum To 94.8%, Pa Ve Su 94%, Pa Hay 94% The number of poor households in urban areas is 1,848 households, the percentage of poor households is 9.68%; Some towns have high poverty rate such as: Tan Uyen Town 34.38%, Nam Nhun Town 15.18%, Sin Ho Town 14% The number of near-poor households in rural areas is 8,694, the proportion of near-poor households is 12.37%; The number of near-poor households in urban areas is 288 households, the percentage of near-poor households is 1.51% Based on the results of the previous period, the period of 2016 - 2020 needs a lot of changes as well as new measures to reduce poverty throughout the province Besides, there should also be forms to create a premise for the later period II CAUSES Poverty causes of poor households have many causes, including both objective and subjective causes According to the 2016 survey of poor households, there are several main reasons: Do not know how to business Lack of production land Labor shortage accounts Low education levels Lazy labor More and more… There are also a number of other causes such as backward customs and practices, low education levels, lazy labor, due to the difficult distance to live in remote areas, complicated weather Do not know how to business Because Lai Chau is a northern mountainous province, where ethnic minorities make up the majority of the population then the language barrier is the problem Besides, low education level also makes it difficult to know business Ethnic minorities have a PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics nomadic tradition and not practice long-term cultivation, so up to now their economic work has never been fully understood Adult education is 9,820 households, accounting for 27.21% Lack of production land Lai Chau is a mountainous province with nomadic people, so it is easy to understand that there is always a shortage of cultivated land Ethnic people often burn hills to grow agricultural products such as corn or peanuts With a cycle of to months, when the land on the old hill is no longer fertile, they will move to new hills But with their nomadic behavior, they find a new hill and it the old way The continuous burning of hills has created barren hills that are hard to recover This has led to a serious shortage of arable land Agricultural land accounts for more than half, but the percentage of land for rice and seasonal crops accounts for less than 10% Labor shortage accounts The lack of labor is mainly because employers often hire Kinh workers with the same language of communication Therefore, with a large number of ethnic minority people, there is a shortage of labor in Lai Chau province PAGE Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics Low education levels Education is key when it comes to make money and to escape poverty The better your education, the more money you can demand for your services However, if your education level is quite low and you not provide value for firms, your chances to get hired for a well-paying job are quite low since companies usually look out for highlyqualified workers It is quite difficult for children to get proper education and access to technology since for many families, sending their kids to school is too expensive Moreover, many children have to work to support their families instead of attending school Thus, a lack of education can be a big contributor to poverty The level of shortage of basic social services of poor households in the province: Among 36,094 poor households, the level of shortage of basic social services is as follows: +Adult education is 9,820 households, accounting for 27.21% + School attendance of children is 1,799 households, accounting for 4.98% Inherited poverty There are many studies that show that poverty is often inherited This basically means that children from poor families have a much higher probability to also stay poor compared to children from rich families This is quite logical since children from poor families often not get the education necessary to escape poverty Moreover, children from poor families often have to take care of their siblings and also work in order to provide for their family members In contrast, children from rich families are often able to focus on their education and not have to care about other things too much They are also more likely to get a credit line for starting a business The same is true for ethnic minority families in Lai Chau province Thus, it makes it much more likely to become financially successful when you are lucky enough to be born into a rich family Health issues Health issues can be both a cause as well as an effect of poverty Poor people are usually at a higher risk to suffer from health issues due to unhygienic living conditions and also due to malnutrition Moreover, in case they get sick, many poor people not have a PAGE 10 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics proper health insurance and may not be able to afford appropriate treatment which can further exacerbate the effects of diseases Health issues can be a cause for poverty in the sense that when you have a severe disease, you are no longer able to work and therefore the probability for poverty increases Moreover, you may also no longer be able to provide for your family, which not only leads to poverty for yourself, but also puts your family at risk for poverty Thus, public health problems can be a serious cause for poverty The level of shortage of basic social services of poor households in the province: Among 36,094 poor households, the level of shortage of basic social services is as follows: Health insurance 2,381 households, accounting for 6.6% Drawbacks - Annually, the poverty rate has been reduced according to the set plan, but the results of hunger elimination and poverty reduction have not been sustainable Households who have escaped from poverty have a very difficult life and are at high risk of falling back into poverty (every year, about 5-10% of those households will get out of poverty once again after a natural disaster or fire) - Coordination in the direction and administration of a number of party committees, authorities, branches and political and social organizations is not really tight A number of grassroots level committees have not developed a program or plan to implement the Resolution or have built but not close to the actual situation of the local results - Although the propaganda and advocacy have gained significant results, it has not really been extensive, so the poor households still have ideas and expectations, rely on the support of the State, and have not proactively moved out of poverty A part of the people who are ethnic minorities in the highlands and remote areas still have many backward customs and a part of the people still practice shifting cultivation - Resources for poverty reduction are limited Some localities have not been able to mobilize local resources of their communities, clans or mobilize their resources to help poor households to rise up - Personnel working in poverty reduction in communes change frequently, their qualifications are limited, so the consultation for grassroots authorities is not good, the survey of support needs for the poor has not been observed In fact, the results of some programs are still low PAGE 11 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics - A number of supportive policies of Resolution 30a and Program 135 are overlapping in terms of support levels and overlapping beneficiaries The decentralization of communes to be investment owners to implement poverty reduction programs and projects remains difficult because the commune-level cadres' qualifications cannot meet the requirements Objective reasons: The geographical location is not favorable, transportation is difficult, the goods produced have not created a competitive advantage compared to other provinces; the situation of climate change, increasingly complicated epidemics directly affects the lives of people, especially the poor; Although infrastructure for socioeconomic development has been improved, it is still lacking and inconsistent Subjective reasons: Leadership and leadership of a number of Party Committees and local authorities have not been drastic, not really active and positive; Although the program and plan have been developed to implement the Resolution but not close to reality, it is difficult for the implementation process; The poverty reduction workforce at various levels has changed directly, directly affecting the work of managing poverty reduction in the locality Some cadres who work in poverty alleviation at the grassroots level are still limited, so the advisory work for the Party Committees and local authorities has not been effective The level of shortage of basic social services of poor households in the province: Among 36,094 poor households, the level of shortage of basic social services is as follows: + Access to health services is 1,917 households, accounting for 5.31% + Health insurance 2,381 households, accounting for 6.6% + Education level of adults is 9,820 households, accounting for 27.21% + School attendance of children is 1,799 households, accounting for 4.98% + Housing quality is 10,400 households, accounting for 28.81% + Housing area is 11,627 households, accounting for 32.21% + Domestic water source is 5,079 households, accounting for 14.07% + Toilets / hygienic latrines are 25,460 households, accounting for 70.54% PAGE 12 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics + Telecommunications service use is 5,958 households, accounting for 16.51% + Assets for access to information are 8,871 households, accounting for 24.58% PAGE 13 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics III Soluions Effectively implement policies to support production, create jobs and increase incomes of poor households, especially poor ethnic minority people in extremely difficult circumstances: Support for production development Support poor and near-poor households to develop sustainable agricultural, forestry and fishery production, in the direction of commodity production, making good use of local strengths; creating a faster change in income and life for the poor, ethnic minorities, contributing to rapid and sustainable poverty reduction - Support through contracting tending, protecting forests, allocating forests and allocating land to plant production forests; - Support reclamation, rehabilitation or creation of terraced fields, for agricultural production in areas capable of reclamation and restoration - Supporting varieties, supplies, fertilizers, veterinary drugs, and plant protection drugs for conversion of plants and animals of high economic value; - Supporting agriculture, forestry, fishery and industrial extension activities, including: supplementing and improving knowledge of household economic development; help the poor to access credit services, market information; building models of agricultural, forestry and fishery extension and applying scientific and technical advances to production ; Support to replicate poverty reduction models Support to diversify forms of livelihood creation for the poor, replicate effective and appropriate poverty reduction models to enhance production capacity and diversify revenues for poor people and poor households; create conditions for the poor and poor households to access policies, resources and markets - Replicating models: agricultural, forestry and fishery extension, specialized production model, focusing on commodity production so that the poor can approach and participate; model of linking production, processing and consumption of products between poor, near-poor households, communities and enterprises; Poverty reduction models associated with national defense and security to support production and income generation for the poor in border communes - Develop and replicate employment creation models for the poor through investing in agro-forestry production models, creating jobs for the poor in association with planting and protecting forests; decentralized models, empowering grassroots and people in the program implementation PAGE 14 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics - Replication of other successful poverty reduction models that have been implemented by localities and international organizations Vocational training and job creation: Support vocational training associated with job creation, pilot implementation of vocational training models linking management agencies, training units and employers It is expected that on average, each year short-term vocational training will be applied for 6,000 rural laborers to ensure that the rate of trained laborers will reach over 50% by 2020, of which vocational training will reach over 38% Infrastructure investment Continue to invest in socio-economic infrastructure in poor districts, poor communes, villages, especially difficult to complete the system of rural roads, irrigation to serve production and people born; constructions to ensure electricity supply for daily life, production and business activities; works in service of the demand for cultural activities in the commune such as communal broadcasting stations, cultural houses, community houses; works in service of standardization of health stations; works in service of educational standardization such as construction of primary schools, kindergartens, creches, teachers' houses, teaching and learning equipment; continue renovating and building new irrigation systems for production Supporting the poor who lack 05 basic social needs under the multidimensional poverty scheme of the Prime Minister: Education Continuing to train and foster to improve the quality of the contingent of teachers and educational administrators; mobilizing all resources to enhance material facilities for teaching and learning; building specific education models to improve quality - Mobilizing dropouts to class, maintaining the number of pupils; mobilize teachers to participate in teaching general education classes and eliminate illiteracy, improve the quality of nurturing boarding and semi-boarding pupils; enhance comprehensive education; innovate, improve the quality of after-school activities to create interest and attract students to school Support for tuition exemption, reduction and study and boarding fee for over 495,000 pupils who are children of poor households to increase the percentage of students going to class PAGE 15 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics Health Continue to strengthen training and retraining of human resources of the industry to gradually master science and technology for medical examination and treatment - Develop, expand and improve the quality of health services at the provincial, district and regional polyclinics; focus on health care for women, children and the elderly in poor households, near-poor households, ethnic minority areas - Improve the quality of medicine supply, medical supplies, and supplement medical equipment to meet the people's healthcare needs; to develop regional raw materials in localities, step by step develop production of traditional medicines in service of the people's treatment; promote socialization of protection, care and improve the people's health Housing Focusing drastically to basically complete the construction and repair of houses for poor households under the Prime Minister's Decision No 33/2015 / QD-TTg of August 10, 2015, on housing support policies for poor households according to the poverty line for the period of 2011-2015 In which, mobilize the whole local political system to help poor households, especially enterprises inside and outside the province; social organizations such as: Youth Union, Farmer's Union, Women's Union and siblings Clean water and environmental sanitation: Continue to build, organize regular maintenance and repair of daily-life water works in the area, to ensure the supply of water for daily life of the people, especially in deep-lying and remote areas; furthering propaganda and education to create a change and raise awareness and awareness of observance of the law on environmental protection, especially communes building new rural areas Access to information – media Strengthening the Party's leading role in the media and information agencies; enhance access to information for all people Continue to invest and equip propaganda devices; invest in and upgrade district-level radio and television stations, radio and television broadcasting stations and grassroots radio stations; investment in fiber optic network infrastructure to 100% of communes; support listening and watching media for poor households and policy beneficiary families in especially difficult circumstances (prioritizing poor households and policy households of ethnic minorities in remote areas, poor area) PAGE 16 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10070358 Macroeconomics Promote propaganda and advocacy to raise people's awareness, especially the poor in order to change and change the awareness to arouse the initiative and actively promote production workers to get out of poverty Capacity building for poverty reduction officials Promote training and training for officials in poverty reduction at all levels, especially at the hamlet and commune levels, to strive for 100% of cadres and civil servants annually Some basic knowledge about management skills and organization of implementation of programs, policies, projects and planning on poverty reduction will be trained in the commune, heads of villages, hamlets and mass organizations Strengthen credit support for poor and near-poor households Continue to effectively implement credit support policies for the poor Creating favorable conditions for poor and near-poor households to access loans Ensuring the participation of socio-political organizations in guiding people to effectively use loans IV SUM UP Although it has been established for more than 100 years, Lai Chau is still considered a new province, with a large ethnic minority population, accounting for the majority of the population Sustainable poverty in this province still needs provincial leaders in particular and the country's leaders in general to pay attention and come up with reasonable solutions; aiming to help Lai Chau province and the country grow stronger and stronger The above is a study of the causes and solutions for poverty in Lai Chau province Refer to the following sources: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Quyet-dinh-31-2016-QDUBND-phe-duyet-chuong-trinh-giam-ngheo-ben-vung-Lai-Chau-2016-2020322789.aspx https://www.environmental-awareness.com/causes-effects-solutions-forpoverty/ https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Thuong-mai/Quyet-dinh-20-2011-QDUBND-Chuong-trinh-giam-ngheo-nhanh-ben-vung-Lai-Chau-2011-2015269223.aspx http://dangcongsan.vn/dua-nghi-quyet-trung-uong-6-trung-uong-7-vao-cuocsong/tu-nghi-quyet-den-cuoc-song/loi-giai-bai-toan-giam-ngheo-o-lai-chau532499.html https://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714 The End PAGE 17 Downloaded by Plants vs Zombiesss TV (tranphuzap2@gmail.com) ... reasonable solutions; aiming to help Lai Chau province and the country grow stronger and stronger The above is a study of the causes and solutions for poverty in Lai Chau province Refer to the following... ethnic minorities, contributing to rapid and sustainable poverty reduction - Support through contracting tending, protecting forests, allocating forests and allocating land to plant production forests;... role in the media and information agencies; enhance access to information for all people Continue to invest and equip propaganda devices; invest in and upgrade district-level radio and television