Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.Đánh giá tổng hợp điều kiện tự nhiên phục vụ phát triển nông – lâm nghiệp lưu vực sông Bé.
HUE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION PHAN VAN TRUNG GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE – FORESTRY IN THE BE RIVER BASIN Major: physical geography Code: 9440217 ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN GEOGRAPHY HUE, 2021 The dissertation was completed at University of Education, Hue University Supervisors: Assoc Prof Nguyen Tham, PhD Nguyen Dang Do, PhD Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dang Van Bao, PhD Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Nguyen Quang Tuan, PhD Reviewer 3: Phan Van Phu, PhD The dissertation is defended at the Hue University Thesis Evaluation Committee Meeting at …….o’clock…… day….…month…… year…… The dissertation can be accessed in the Library: The national Library of Viet Nam Library of University of Education, Hue University THE AUTHOR'S PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Nguyen Tham, Nguyen Dang Do, Phan Van Trung (2017), "Applying GIS to map the change of land use in Be river basin in the period from 2000 to 2010", Journal of Science, Hue University, volume 7A, No 126, 2017 Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Tham (2018), "The impact of human factors on changes in the vegetation cover of the Be River basin in the period from 2000 to 2015", Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, volume 15 No 9, 2018 Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Dang Do (2018), " Solutions to promote the restructuring of the crop sector in the Be River basin”, Report of the 10th National Geoscience Conference, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Tham (2018), "Applying GIS to study the changes in the vegetation cover of the Be river basin in the period from 2000 to 2015", Report of the 10th National Geoscience Conference, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi Phan Van Trung, Tran Thi Ly, Nguyen Dang Do (2018), "The changes of land use in Binh Duong province in the period from 1997 to 2017" Journal of Science & Education, University of Education, Hue University, No 04 (48) 2018 Phan Van Trung, Tran Thi Ly, Nguyen Dang Do (2018) "Applying remote sensing and GIS to study the current situation, the cause of changes of the land use in Binh Duong province in the period from 1997 to 2017", National seminar on GIS application in 2018, Agricultural Publishing House Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Dang Do (2019), "Differentiation features of vegetation cover and causes of the degradation of biological resources in Be river basin", Report of the 11th National Geoscience Conference, Thanh Nien Publishing House Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Tham (2019), "The role of natural and socioeconomic factors in the landscape differentiation in the Be river basin", Report on the 11th National Geoscience Conference, Thanh Nien Publishing House Tran Thi Ly, Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Dang Do (2019), "Current situation and causes of changes of the land use in Binh Duong province in the period from 1997 to 2017", Journal of Science, Hue University, volume 128, No 3C, 2019 10 Phan Van Trung, Nguyen Dang Do (2020), "Evaluation of natural ecological potential for the development of key crops in the Be river basin", Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, volume 17, No 12, 2020 INTRODUCTION THE URGENCY OF THE THESIS Each Geographic structure is a combination of geographic compositions in a complex interdependent relationship and integration Thus, a river basin is a relatively independent system, with material and energy exchange relationships, change of one composition affects others in the basin Therefore, the task of integrated river basin management is not only management of water resources, but also management of other types of resources such as land resources, forest resources, and biodiversity Many countries in the world pay special attention to integrated management of natural resources and the environment by river basins Therefore, the integrated exploitation and management of territory by river basins is a major concern in our country Be river is one of five major tributaries of the Dong Nai river basin, with an area of about 7,484 km2 The topography of the basin has a rather complicated differentiation: mountains, hills with some types of valley and plain terrain, creating a diverse differentiation in climate, soil, and biology The determination of the laws of differentiation and the potential of nature in order to propose a rational use of the basin in a sustainable development is an urgent issue The natural conditions of the Be River basin are quite favorable for the development of perennial industrial crops, fruit trees and annual crops such as rubber, coffee, pepper, cashew, durian, avocado, peanuts, maize, cassava, which bring high economic efficiency to the habitans of the basin However, in the past few years, agricultural and forestry production activities in Be river basin have not been commensurate with the existing potential and have many potential risks of soil erosion, protection forest loss, flash flood, … Agricultural production of localities in the basin still lacks detailed planning Therefore, the establishment of a scientific basis for the planning orientations and territorial organization of agriculture - forestry in the study area is an urgent and current issue That is why it’s necessary to choose the topic: "Integrated assessment of the natural conditions for the development of agriculture - forestry in the Be river basin" THE PURPOSE AND TASKS OF THE STUDY 2.1 The purpose of the study Developing the scientific basis for integrated assessment of the natural conditions (NC) to propose sustainable agricultural-forestry development orientation in the Be river basin 2.2 The tasks of the Study - Synthesis of relevant documents as a basis for building the theoretical basis and procedure of integrated assessment of natural conditions for the development orientation of agriculture – forestry - Determining the specific features of the natural conditions and studying the territorial differentiation as a basis for building the landscape map (LC) of the Be river basin at the scale of 1/250,000 - Landscape assessment and classification appropriate for each landscape type serving the development orientation of agriculture – forestry - Proposing rational territory use for sustainable agricultural - forestry development SCOPE OF THE STUDY 3.1 Territorial scope of the study The study is carried out in the scope of the Be River basin located in Dak Nong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong and Dong Nai provinces Territorial boundaries of the study are determined on the basis of topographic maps, hydrological maps, and administrative maps of the four above-mentioned provinces 3.2 The scope of studied contents - Integrated assessment of the natural conditions based on the landscape Landscape was assessed at the landscape level (map scale of 1/250,000) for the development of agriculture - forestry of the Be river basin - The landscape ecological adaptation assessment method which was carried out to determine the natural ecological potential of landscape units in agricultural forestry development was selected and applied in the thesis - Rubber, cocoa, avocado, pomelos, golden oak were selected for assessment purposes in the study THE NEW SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS - This study used method of landscape analysis to assess the natural conditions for the development orientation of agriculture - forestry in Be river basin, develop landscape map at scale of 1/250,000 of the Be river basin, determine the suitability and priority of landscape types for agricultural -forestry development in the Be river basin - This study proposed rational use of territory for sustainable agricultural- forestry development in each region of the Be river basin PROTECTED THESIS 1st thesis: The diversity in the landscape structure and functions in the Be river basin is the result of the synthesizing and differentiating impacts of the natural compositions and the human activities on the Be river basin 2nd thesis: An important scientific basis of proposing the development of agriculture - forestry of the provinces in the basin in the orientation of sustainable development is an integrated assessment of natural conditions to determine the suitability of landscape units for the purpose of developing specific crops SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6.1 Scientific significance This study contributes to complete the theoretical basis for the integrated assessment of the natural condition, enriching the research direction of applied geography for planning and rational using of the territory in the river basin 6.2 Practical significance - The study results clarify the laws of natural differentiation and formation of landscape units in the Be river basin - Provide necessary information for planning and rational use of the territory for various types of agriculture - forestry in Be River basin towards sustainable development - The results of the study can be used as a reference material for policy makers, and can also be used as references in research and teaching THESIS STRUCTURE The thesis structure includes the introduction, conclusion and content The thesis content is presented in chapters with 144 A4 pages, 29 data tables, 20 maps, diagrams, drawings, 12 appendices In addition, the author has consulted 139 documents for the thesis Chapter 1: Theoretical basis for the integrated assessment of natural conditions for the planning orientation of agriculture - forestry in the basin, 49 pages Chapter 2: Characteristics of natural differentiation in the Be river basin, 51 pages Chapter 3: Integrated assessment of natural conditions for sustainable development of agriculture - forestry, 44 pages Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL CONDITIONS FOR THE PLANNING ORIENTATION OF AGRICULTURE - FORESTRY IN THE BASIN 1.1 CONCEPTS USED IN THE THESIS 1.1.1 Natural conditions and natural resources 1.1.1.1 Natural conditions Natural conditions are factors of the natural environment that play an important role in socio-economic development of each country In each territory, there are always advantages and disadvantages of natural conditions Therefore, it is necessary to carry out integrated assessment of natural conditions to clarify its potentials, advantages and disadvantages in each specific field 1.1.1.2 Natural resources “Natural resources are the entire material value present in nature that at a certain level of the development of the productive force they are used or can be used as means of production and for consumers” (Vietnam encyclopedia, 2005) 1.1.2 Landscape, structure and function of landscape 1.1.2.1 Landscape A.G Ixatxenko (1991) defined that: “Landscape is a separate part in terms of generation of a part of a landscape, a landscape zone or any large zoning unit, characterized by the homogeneous correlation of the zonal and non-zonal laws, has a separate structure and a separate morphological structure” 1.1.2.2 Landscape structure Landscape structure plays an important role in the research and science of landscape, X.V Kalexnik (1978) defined that: "Landscape structure is the organization of the constituent parts in space and the temporal adjustment" The concept of landscape structure contains a sense of spatial structure (including vertical structure and horizontal structure) and temporal structure 1.1.2.3 Landscape function Landscape function is approached in many different directions In the direction of exchange, transformation of matter and energy, Ixatxenko A.G (1969) defined that: Landscape function “is a combination of the processes of exchange and transformation of matter and energy in a landscape” Forman.R.T and Godron.M (1986) defined that: Landscape function “is the flow of energy, mineral nutrients and creatures among landscape elements, or the process of discrete piece interaction the background” 1.1.3 Landscape ecology and landscape diversity 1.1.3.1 Landscape ecology It can be understood that the term of landscape ecology is the ecology of the landscape and the ecology in the landscape This issue has been mentioned and emphasized on ecological research in landscape, natural trends in landscape by many scholars in the Soviet Union, such as D.L.Armand, I.P.Gerasimov, Deconov, Geography must study and use ecology by landscape (D.L.Armand) 1.1.3.1 Landscape diversity Pham Hoang Hai (2006) defined that, study on landscape diversity must clarify the diverse features of the landscape's structure, functions and dynamics The study of the landscape diversity in Be river basin applied research points of Pham Hoang Hai on analyzing the diversity of the landscape's structure, functions and dynamics 1.1.4 Integrated assessment of natural conditions 1.1.4.1 Assessment Assessment is the consideration of a certain object in the form of comparison with certain standards or requirements 1.1.4.2 Assessment of natural conditions Assessment of natural conditions is a reflection of the nature value for a specific socio-economic requirement That is the expression of the subject's attitude towards the object in terms of the use value, the ability and the results of use of the object 1.1.4.3 Integrated assessment of natural conditions Integrated assessment is the analysis, comparison and selection of complete geography that are favorable for one or more purposes of use The final product of this assessment is the selection of options that match the set targets These options are important scientific basis for decision-makers 1.1.5 River basin River basin “is the geographic area in which the surface water, the underground water flows naturally into the river” (Law on Water Resources, 2012) The determination of the boundary of the basin in this thesis is inherited from the map of Be river basin by Southern Institute of Water Resources Research in the project "Irrigation planning of the Be river basin", and the map of Be river basin by author Tran Tuan Tu in his doctoral thesis "Quantitative geomorphology of Be river basin" 1.1.6 Development and Sustainable development 1.1.6.1 Development Development is a social process to satisfy the needs that society considers basic Development refers to the fulfillment of material requirements, first of all for the wellbeing of human beings, and in a broader sense, also includes political demands (Nguyen In general, there are many good soils, especially those formed on basalt, favorable for planting perennial industrial crops and fruit trees in the Be River basin 2.1.2.6 Biological characteristics The close relationship between geographical location, topography, climate, soil and human impacts creates the diversity of vegetation cover in the Be River basin 2.1.3 Characteristics of socio - economic factors 2.1.3.1 Overview of socio-economic development in Be river basin - Structure and development status of economic sectors Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in 2018 at the 2010 prices in the Be river basin increased 8.35%, of which the GRDP growth rate in industry construction increased 9.28%, service increased 8.86%, GRDP per capita in 2017 reached 74.6 million VND/person - Population and labor force By 2018, the total population in the Be river basin is about 1.64 million people The labor force of the Be river basin is about 918.480 people, accounting for 61.01% of the population 2.2 THE NATURAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BE RIVER BASIN 2.2.1 The formation of landscape units in the Be river basin 2.2.1.1 Landscape classification system and criteria a Landscape classification system Based on the studied and analyzed scientific bases, in order to ensure the systematization of the territorial landscape, the thesis proposes a landscape classification system in the Be river basin including levels, that is: Landscape system => landscape subsystem => landscape class => landscape subclass => landscape type => landscape subtype => landscape kind This landscape classification system is also the basis for building landscape maps of Be river basin at the scale of 1/250,000 The landscape classification system reflects the zone and non-zone in the natural differentiation of the landscape In which, the landscape type in the classification system is considered as the reflection level of the current situation in succession, differentiation, landscape development, the object of practical application targets Therefore, the landscape type is important in the development planning of agriculture - forestry in the Be river basin b Criteria of at all levels in the landscape classification system in the Be river The landscape classification system in Be river basin consists of levels, each level has specific classification criteria as follows: - Landscape system: Be river basin is located in the intra-tropical northern hemisphere, so it belongs to the landscape system of Tropical monsoon climate - Landscape subsystem: The studied area belongs to the landscape of tropical monsoons, there is no cold winter, there is a clear difference between the rainy and dry seasons - Landscape class: The studied territory is divided into landscape classes: mountainous landscape class, hill landscape class, plain landscape class In which, most of the basin area belongs to hilly landscape class - Landscape subclass: In the Be river basin, stratification of the natural conditions and processes in the high belt system has formed landscape subclasses - Landscape type: Based on the tropical-humid differentiation, the Be river basin can be divided into two landscape types: landscape type of humid tropical evergreen forest, rainy season and landscape type of tropical evergreen semideciduous forest, rainy season - Landscape sub-type: There are landscape sub-types in Be River Basin - Landscape kind: Each soil type combined with a type of vegetation cover forms 71 landscape types in Be river basin, distributed over 135 zones, each landscape type can be repeated in many zones Landscape kind level is a classification unit reflecting the diversity of landscape and studied territories 2.2.1.2 Landscape map of the Be river basin and matrix explanation a Principles and methods of landscape mapping - Principle: Landscape map is a synthetic map that fully and objectively reflects the fearures of nature, the relationships and the interaction between natural components In building landscape maps of a territory, used principles include: uniformity principle, history of development and uniformity of functions of each territorial unit - Methods: Landscape mapping methods include: dominant factor analysis; comparison method according to the separate features of the classification criteria of each landscape level; synthetic analysis method; mapping and GIS method; field survey method b Landscape map of the Be river basin and matrix explanation at scale of 1/250,000 To build landscape maps of the Be river basin, the authors group built component maps at the same scale of 1/250,000, including: Geological maps, topographic elevation maps, soil maps, bio-climate maps, vegetation maps, Based on the support of Mapinfo 10.5 and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares, single maps are linked together to build landscape maps In addition to the process of building landscape map, the author built a matrix explanation In the explanation of landscape map of the Be river basin, levels of the landscape classification system are classified into groups: Thermal Moist Foundation and solid foundation 2.2.2 Differentiated characteristics of the landscape diversity in the Be river basin 2.2.2.1 Differentiation in landscape structure a The vertical structure Due to the diversified differentiation of lava foundation, conditions of topographical, climate, hydrology, soil, biology, of the basin on the basis of zone and non-zone laws, the interaction of these factors has created the natural difference between regions and units of the landscape classification system b The horizontal structure The diversified differentiation of the landscape in the Be river basin is clearly defined in the law of non-zone differentiation to form classification units at low levels of the landscape classification system The study have analyzed diversity in horizontal structures of the Be river basin on the basis of the landscape classification system and landscape map at the scale of 1/250,000 of the landscape system, landscape subsystem, landscape class, landscape subclass, landscape type, landscape subtypes and landscape kind 2.2.2.2 Differentiation of landscape functions a Function of protection and environmental protection This is the function of the landscape of natural forest developed on the landscape subclasses of medium and low mountains in the upstream area of the Be river This area has high altitude and steep slope, exogenous processes: erosion, strongly washout b Function of restoration and conservation Restoration function is the function of secondary forest landscape types in the Be river basin This used to be a primary forest, but it was overexploited by humans Therefore, the protective functions are impaired That is the reason that it is necessary to take measures to locate and restore forest cover to meet the protective function in upstream areas c Economic and ecological functions Economic and ecological functions in the Be River basin include economic development functions in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, tourism and population 2.2.2.3 The differentiation of landscape dynamics The seasonal nature of the climate leads to the seasonal nature of the water regime in the Be river basin This is the driving force of the seasonal development of plants, animals and production activities of humans The production activities of humans have a great impact on the natural components and form 71 landscape kinds in the Be River basin SUMARY OF CHAPTER Geographic location and interaction relationship between natural components (lava foundation, geomorphology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and biological) and the human activities have created the features and differentiation of the landscape in the Be river basin Landscape classification system in Be river basin includes levels: Landscape system => landscape subsystem => landscape class => landscape subclass => landscape type => landscape subtype => landscape kind On the basis of the landscape classification system, component maps and the use of information technology, the study has developed landscape maps of the Be river basin at the scale of 1/250,000 with 71 landscape kinds in landscape subtypes, landscape types, landscape subclasses, landscape classes, landscape subsystem and landscape system are clearly shown on the landscape map and landscape matrix explanation Landscape kind is the basis to determine the natural potential of the territory for assessment purposes The diversified differentiation of the landscape in the Be river basin is shown in the differentiation of the structure, function and dynamics of the landscape Chapter INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE - FORESTRY 3.1 DEVELOP ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 3.1.1 Select the type of agricultural - forestry land use for the assessment purpose 3.1.1.1 Principles of choosing the type of agricultural land use The selection of the crops was followed by the principles: - The selected crops for two types of agricultural land use are perennial industrial crops and fruit trees, with high economic value, good soil protection and ecological environment protection - Based on the current situation and agro-forestry production planning of provinces in the Be river basin to choose suitable crops The selected crops must be the current main crops in the agricultural sector of the provinces as well as the Southeast Region and the Central Highlands, capable of developing in the direction of commodity production, creating jobs and stable income for the inhabitants Based on the analyzed principles and planning of agricultural development, the study selected plants representing two types of agricultural land use in the Be River basin, including: Hevea brasiliensis, cocoa of perennial trees and avocado, grapefruit used for assessment purposes 3.1.1.2 Principles for the selection of forest land use types For production forest trees: to select trees that are easy to plant and have ecological requirements suitable to the conditions of the planting regions, economic value consistent with forestry business objectives and positive impact on the ecological environment of the basin Hopea odorata is evaluated suitable in the Southeast Viet Nam This is the main trees for planting production forests in forest ecological regions and is the main trees for afforestation in forest ecological regions in the Southeast and the Central Highlands according to the Decision of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Therefore, the thesis selected hopea odorata for the assessment purpose 3.1.2 Select an assessment unit The selection of assessment unit depends on the purposes of the study For the studied territory, the selected base unit is the landscape kind with landscape maps at the scale of 1/250,000 for assessment, classification and development orientation proposal of agriculture and forestry in the Be river basin The purpose of the topic is an integrated assessment of natural conditions for establishing a scientific basis for the development orientation of agriculture - forestry in the Be river basin Therefore, kinds of residential landscape, non-business works landscape and water surface landscape will not be included in assessment However, these landscape kinds are analyzed and compared with the landscape's ecological potential to propose territorial exploitation orientation, ensuring the systematic and uniformity in the basin 3.1.3 Principles of selecting and classifying assessment criteria The process of selecting and classifying the assessment criteria is based on the principles: - The criteria selected for assessment must have a clear differentiation by territorial unit in study rate The selected criteria must have a great influence on the growth of some selected crops in the studied territory - Selection and classification of assessment criterias based on general principles but must be adjusted to accord the specific characteristics of the studied territory Depending on the ecological requirements of the crops, it is possible to select the quantity and classify the criteria accordingly Through researching reference materials, expert opinions and field surveys, 10 criteria were selected, including: absolute altitude, slope, soil type, layer thickness, mechanical composition, humus content, pH index, annual average temperature, annual average rainfall and length of the dry season for assessment In addition, criteria such as: type of current vegetation cover, types of special weather, are classified into groups of reference criteria and specifically mentioned in the proposed agriculture - forestry development orientation in the Be river basin 3.2 ASSESS AND CLASSIFY THE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF LANDSCAPE KINDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION OF AGRICULTURE - FORESTRY 3.2.1 Defind ecological needs of types of selected agriculture - forestry land use in the Be river basin Based on reference materials, expert opinions, the ecological needs of h evea brasiliensis, cocoa, avocado, grapefruit and hopea odorata were defined in the study area 3.2.2 Assessment and classification results of the adaptability 3.2.2.1 Assessment and classification result of the adaptability of the landscape to hevea brasiliensis Assessment results of the adaptability of the landscape to the hevea brasiliensis have defined 60 landscape kinds at different levels 3.2.2.2 Assessment and classification result of the adaptability of the landscape to the cacao Assessment results of the adaptability of the landscape to the cocoa have defined 29 landscape types at different levels 3.2.2.3 Assessment and classification result of the adaptability of the landscape to the avocado Assessment results of the adaptability of the landscape to the avocado have defined 29 landscape types at different levels 3.2.2.4 Assessment and classification result of the adaptability of the landscape to grapefruit Assessment results of the adaptability of the landscape to the grapefruit have defined 47 landscape types at different levels 3.2.2.5 Assessment and classification result of the adaptability of the landscape to the hopea odorata Assessment results of the adaptability of the landscape to the hopea odorata have defined 64 landscape types at different levels 3.3 TERRITORY USING ORIENTATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL - FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE BE RIVER BASIN 3.3.1 Scientific basis of the proposal 3.3.1.1 Assessment and classification results Assessment and classification results of the adaptability are one of the important scientific bases to propose the proper use of the territory That result shows a territory's natural potential for certain economic development targets Assessment result of the adaptability of landscape kinds in the Be river basin for some types of agriculture - forestry production showed that: - There are 39 landscape kinds with an area of 504,880.5 (accounting for 69.4% of the natural area of the Be River basin) suitable for planting hevea brasiliensis - There are 24 landscape kinds with an area of 273,625.7 (accounting for 37.6% of the natural area of the Be river basin) suitable for planting cocoa - There are 28 landscape kinds with an area of 344,073.6 (accounting for 47.3% of the natural area of the Be River basin) suitable for planting avocado - There are 30 landscape kinds with an area of 400,970.5 (accounting for 55.1% of the natural area of the basin) suitable for planting grapefruit - There are 53 landscape kinds with an area of 601,274.6 (accounting for 82.7% of the basin's natural area) suitable for planting hopea odorata 3.3.1.2 Economic, social and environmental efficiency of major crops in the Be river basin * Economic efficiency Results of the survey and data processing related to the economic efficiency of major land use types up to February 2020 in the Be River basin show that the obtained production value, the value of workdays, capital efficiency of the selected land use types for the assessment purpose are as high as other land use types * Social efficiency Social efficiency are shown in the core value, labor attraction and job creation The core value of land use types for fruit trees, perennial trees and forest trees are as high as rice and other annual crops Job creation and the core value is as high as all types of land use, contributing to improving social stability and the quality of life for inhabitants, accelerating the process of hunger elimination and poverty reduction for the inhabitants in remote, ethnic minority and border areas in the Be river basin * Environmentally efficient The economic benefits from the land uses of fruit trees, perennial industrial crops and production forests have limited nomadism, deforestation for cultivation Perennial industrial trees, fruit trees and production forests play a major role in soil protection, anti-erosion, and climate control In addition, the intercropping method is quite popular in perennial industrial trees and fruit trees to create a vegetative cover that keeps the soil covered, protects the soil from natural impacts such as erosion, soil washout * SWOT analysis SWOT analysis shows that the crops selected in the thesis have many advantages in the development of agriculture - forestry in the Be river basin, meeting the economic, social and environmental criteria 3.3.1.3 Current land use in 2019 in the Be river basin The total natural area of the Be River basin is 727,400 of which 693,666.7 (95.36% of the total basin area) is used for agriculture and forestry purposes From the current land use and assessment results, suitability classification, the study establishes tables of assessment and classification result comparation of current land use This is one of the important bases to propose an orientation for the rational use of studied territory 3.3.1.4 Current situation of agriculture - forestry development in the Be river basin The group of perennial crops and fruit trees occupies a large part of the Be river basin area Although the area and yields of major crops in the Be river basin in recent years have the tendency to decrease However, the production value of the crop industry always plays a key role in agriculture 3.3.1.5 Orientation of land use for agricultural and forestry production in the Be river basin In order to promote sustainable agricultural development, the provinces in the Be river basin have issued decisions, resolutions, and development of projects as a basis for orientation of agriculture - forestry production and land uses, including hevea brasiliensis, cocoa, avocado, grapefruit and hopea odorata 3.3.2 Orientation of using territory for sustainable agricultural - forestry development in Be river basin according to landscape functions Based on the theoretical and practical basis, the author proposes the orientation of using territory for sustainable agricultural - forestry development in the Be river basin according to functional groups of landscape with three parts of the basin - Basic functions of the upstream area are protection and conservation of nature; protection function is combined with economic exploitation, economic function - Basic functions of the middle region are natural protection and restoration, and economic exploitation - Basic functions of the downstream area are nature conservation and economic exploitation SUMMARY OF CHAPTER - Based on the principle of selecting agriculture - forestry land use, the thesis selected crops for the purpose of assessment, including: h evea brasiliensis, cocoa, avocado, grapefruit and hopea odorata - The basic unit selected for the integrated assessment is the type of landscape kind with landscape map at scale of 1/250,000 for assessing, classifying and proposing the development orientation of agriculture - forestry in Be river basin - The study built a system of assessment criteria, including 10 indicators to assess each specific crop - The results of assessment and classification of landscape appropriateness defined the natural potential of the territory, built a classification map for specific types of use in the Be River basin as follows: + Type of hevea brasiliensis plantations: Highly suitable area (S1): 173,922.6 ha, suitable area (S2): 332.844,5 and lowly suitable area (S3): 171.480,0 The total area that can be planted is 506,837.1 ha, accounting for 69.67% of the area of the basin + Type of cocoa plantations: Highly suitable area (S1): 90,825.8 ha, suitable area (S2): 182,799.9 and lowly suitable area (S3): 21,637.4 The total area that can be planted to cocoa is 273,625.7 ha, accounting for 37.6% of the area of the basin + Type of avocado plantations: Highly suitable area (S1): 166,330,9 ha, suitable area (S2): 177,742,7 and lowly suitable area (S3): 27,505.7 The total area that can be grown avocado is 344,073.6 ha, accounting for 47.30% of the area of the basin + Type of grapefruit plantations: Highly suitable area (S1): 23,814.9 ha, suitable area (S2): 377.155,6 and lowly suitable area (S3): 127,622.1 The total area that can be planted for grapefruit is 400,970.5 ha, accounting for 55.1% of the area of the basin + Type of hopea odorata plantations: Highly suitable area (S1): 414.705,3 ha, suitable area (S2): 186.569,3 and lowly suitable area (S3): 84.075,7 The total area that can be planted with hopea odorata is 601,274.8 ha, accounting for 82.66% of the area of the basin - This study proposed a territorial use orientation for three parts of the Be river basin associated with functional groups On that basis, the author built a the orientation proposal map of territorial use for sustainable agricultural - forestry development in the Be river basin at the scale of 1/250,000 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS River basin is a unified territory of ecology and environment, closed in natural conditions, and a complete geosystem Landscape research and assessment is an practical research direction Applying methodologies, integrated assessment of natural conditions based on the practical landscape viewpoint for a specific territory of the Be river basin, the thesis provided the reliable scientific basis for the sustainable agriculture - forestry development orientation From the research results, the thesis has some conclusions and recommendations as follows: The study results of the thesis - The study reviewed relevant documents, develop the theoretical basis, method and process of integrated assessment of the natural condition for the development agriculture - forestry orientation of the Be river basin - Be river basin has a diversified and complex differentiation of landscape elements On the basis of analyzing the differentiation of landscape elements and selecting a landscape classification system suitable to the study territory, the study developed a landscape map of the Be river basin at the scale of 1/250,000 including levels: landscape system => landscape sub-system => landscape classes => landscape sub-classes => landscape types => landscape sub-types => 71 landscape kinds Landscape kind is selected by the author as the basis level to assess the potential and propose rational use of the territory - Based on the principle of selecting agriculture - forestry land use types, the author selected crops for the assessment purpose, including: Hevea brasiliensis, cocoa and avocado, grapefruit and hopea odorata At the same time, based on the principle of selecting, classifing assessment criteria and field survey, the study built a system of assessment criteria according to the kind of landscape units, including 10 assessment criteria: absolute altitude, slope, soil type, layer thickness, mechanical composition, humus content, pH index, annual average temperature, annual average rainfall, length of the dry season - The results of the assessment and classification of landscape suitability defined the natural potential of the territory, and built a classification map for land use types in the Be River basin - The study proposed a territorial use orientation for three parts upstream, middle and downstream of the Be river basin with functional groups: functions of natural protection and conservation; functions of protection and economic exploitation; functions of natural protection and restoration; function of economic exploitation; functions of natural conservation and economic exploitation In which: - There are basic functional groups in the upstream area: functions of natural protection and conservation; functions of protection and economic exploitation; function of economic exploitation - There are basic functional groups in the middle area: functions of natural protection and restoration; function of economic exploitation - There are basic functional groups in the downstream area: function of economic exploitation; functions of natural conservation and economic exploitation The study results are a reliable scientific basis for departments, sectors and land users to refer, select and apply in practical agriculture - forestry production in the Be river basin Recommendation - The Be river basin is the large area, located in the area of provinces, so the proposal to rationally use the territory for the development of agriculture - forestry at the map scale of 1/250,000 is oriented In order to make a specific recommendation, it is necessary to study in detail at a larger map scale to increase the feasibility of study results - The thesis still has not clarified some other landscape functions such as self- regulation function, information function, production function of many other economic types such as: residential, industrial, service, tourism, These issues needs to be further studied to have a adequate scientific basic for proposing orientation of rational use of territory In addition, it is necessary to select more types of uses for the assessment - The approach to integrated assessment of natural conditions in the river basin is a new research direction Therefore, it is necessary to continue to be implemented in other basins to supplement and improve methodology and research methods ... procedure of integrated assessment of natural conditions for the development orientation of agriculture – forestry - Determining the specific features of the natural conditions and studying the territorial... classification appropriate for each landscape type serving the development orientation of agriculture – forestry - Proposing rational territory use for sustainable agricultural - forestry development... formation (J2ln), Long Binh formation (J3lb), Ba Ra formation (M/Kbr), Tuc Trung formation ( N2 – Q1tt), Xuan Loc formation ( Q2xl), Ba Mieu formation (N22bm), Dat Cuoc formation (aQI3đc), Quaternary