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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT ESIA OF PROPOSED SUGAR MILL IN GAGARAWA, JIGAWA STATE BY GREAT NORTHERN AGRIBUSSINESS SUBMITTED TO FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, ABUJA, NIGERIA SEPTEMBER, 2018 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSEMENT OF PROPOSED SUGAR MILL IN GAGARAWA, JIGAWA STATE PREPARED BY PREPRA NIGERIA LIMITED 222A, JIGIRYA, YANKABA KANO, KANO STATE www.prepraconsult.com Email prepra live.com 08091310041 TABLE OF CONTENT Table of content List of tables List of figures List of plates List of abbreviations and acronyms Preparers Acknowledgement Executive summary 1.0 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 The proponent 1.3 Terms of reference of the ESIA 1.4 Objectives of the ESIA study 1.5 Scope of the ESIA 1.6 Administrative, policy and legal framework 1.7 Policy and legal framework 1.8 Nigerian social policies and legislations 1.9Nigerian sugar sector policies and legislations 1.10 International treaties and conventions on the environment 1.11 Structure of the ESIA report 2.0 CHAPTER TWO PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 2.1 The need for the project 2.2 Benefits of the project 2.3 Value of the project 2.4 Envisaged sustainability 2.5 Project alternatives and development options 2.6 Development options 3.0 CHAPTER THREE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 The nature and Description of the project 3.2 Project objectives 3.3 Project development schedule 3.4 The sugar mill 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA 4.1 Project area of influence 4.2 Data acquisition method iii-v Vi vii-viii ix x-xii Xiii xiv xv-xxv 1-6 7-8 8-9 9-11 11-18 18-20 20 21-22 23 24 24-25 25-26 27 27-29 29-34 34-35 36 36-38 39 39-40 40-51 52 52 52 4.3 Steps of data generation 4.4 Types of data collected 4.5 Data sources 4.6 Field data collection 4.7 Sampling design 4.8 Sample collection 52-55 55 55-56 56 56 57 4.9 Soil sample 4.10 Vegetation sampling 4.11 Water sample collection and analysis 4.12 Air quality 4.13 Noxious gases 4.14 Noise level 4.15 Climate 4.16 Socio-economic and community health survey 4.17 Focus group discussion (FGD) 4.18 In-depth interview 4.19 Sample frame and size 4.20 Entry point and contact persons 4.21 Selection of supervisors and enumerators 4.22 Data collection method 4.23 Data analysis 4.24 Quality assurance and control(Qa/Qc) 4.25 Physical characteristics of the environment 4.26 Ambient Air Quality 4.27 Discussion of result of data collection 4.28 Air quality 4.29 Noise Quality 4.30 Soil Quality 4.31 Geology and Hydrogeology 4.32 Hydrology 4.33 Groundwater 4.34 Vegetation 4.35 Wildlife 36 Socio – economic setting 5.0 CHAPTER FIVE ASSOCIATED AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS 5.1Impact identification 5.2 Method of impact assessment 5.3 Potential positive environmental and socio- economic impacts 5.4 potential positive environmental impacts 5.5 potential negative environmental impact 5.6 Cumulative Impacts 6.0 CHAPTER SIX MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 6.1 Assessment of Mitigation and Enhancement measures 6.2 Mitigation and Enhancement measures 6.3 Mitigation Measures for Potential Negative Environmental Impacts 6.4 Mitigation measures for potential negative social impacts land acquisition 6.5 Residual Impacts 6.6 Enhancement Measures For Potential Positive Environmental Impacts 57 57 57-58 58 58 58 58-59 59 59-61 61-63 63 63-64 64-65 65-66 66 67 67-70 70-72 73 73-74 74-75 76-80 81 81 81-86 86-88 88-89 90-108 109 109 109-117 118-127 127-129 129-138 139-153 154 154-155 155 155-164 164-172 172 172-173 6.7 Enhancement Measures For Potential Social Environmental Impacts 173-203 7.0 CHAPTER SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1The concept of Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMP 7.2 Implementation of the ESMP in GNA 7.3 Environmental Training Plan 7.4 Environmental Reporting 7.5 Emergency Response 7.6 Checking and Corrective action 7.7 Contingency plan 7.8 Safety plan 7.9 Institutional arrangement in the implementation of the emp 7.10 Internal communication 7.11 External communication 7.12 Stakeholder engagement 7.13 GREIVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM 7.14 Management Review 7.15 Environmental Monitoring plan 204 204-205 205-209 209 209-211 211-213 213 214 214-232 233-234 234 235 235 235-236 236 236-237 8.0 CHAPTER EIGHT: ABANDONMENT, DECOMMISSIONING AND REMEDIATION PLAN 8.1 Decommissioning program 9.0 CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSION References Appendix1 TOR Appendix II Site Verification letter Appendix III Data Collection Letter 239 239-243 244-245 246-250 251-265 266 267-268 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Nigeria‘s Annual Sugar Import Table 1.2: Nigeria's present sugar situation And F u tu r e Target Table 1.3: Approved Fiscal Tariff For The Plan Period Table 1.4 Timelines For Raw Sugar Import Substitution By Old Refineries Table 1.5: Timelines For Raw Sugar Import Substitution By New Refineries Table 4.1: Summary of proposed Type of Survey and Respondents Table 4.2 Air Quality Table 4.3 Noise Level Table: 4.4 Soil Quality Indicators Table 4.5 Groundwater Quality Parameters Table 4.6: Vegetation Cover Analysis Of The Proposed GNA Project Table 4.8 Poverty Status In The Study Area Table 5.1: Legal/Regulatory Requirement Criteria Table 5.2: Description Of Probability Table 5.3: Frequency Criteria Table5.4: Importance Criteria Table 5.5: Public Interest/Concern & Perception Criteria Table 5.6 Potential Positive And Negative Environmental And Socio-Economic Impact Of The Project Table 5.7 Impact Evaluation And Characterization Of The Proposed Project Table 6.1: NESREA Recommended Personnel Protective Equipment According To Hazard Type Table 6.2 Enhancement Measures For The Positive Environmental And SocioEconomic Impacts Of The Proposed Sugar Mill Table 7.1: Training Programme - Summary Of Training Needs Of GNA Table 7.2 Reporting Plan - Process Summary Table 7.3: Emergency Response Plan Table 7.4: Environmental And Social Management Plan 4 5 66 71 74 78 86 88 99 111 112 113 114 115 138-139 144-153 161 179-198 206 207 208-210 213-243 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 The Value chain in the sugar industry Figure 2.1 The reasons for the need for the proposed project Figure 3.1 Project lay out plan Figure 3.2: Organic Fertilizer plant (From Mud, Bagasse and other waste) Figure 3.3: Particle Board plant(For Furniture Manufacture) Figure 3.4 Gourmet powder plant: (From Molasse as Raw Material) Figure 3.5: Utility facilities: Vocational School, clinic, fire station and Mosque Figure 3.6 A typical milling process Figure 3.7: Cane Extraction and Juice Clarification Machineries Figure 3.8 Major water flows in a sugar mill Figure 3.9 Pan boiling and centrifugal system of the proposed GNA mill Figure 3.10: Plant Auxiliaries and Automated System Figure 3.11: Boiler, Turbine Generator and Auxiliaries Figure 4.1 Satellite image of the project site Figure 4.2 Schematic plan of this ESIA study Figure 4.3 Sample points for data collection Figure 4.4 The spheres of the Earth system Figure4.5: Average Monthly Rainfall for the Study Area (1981- 2016) Source: JARDA 2017 Figure 4.6Average Monthly Maximum and Minimum Temperature for Study Area (1981- 2016) Source JARDA2017 Figure 4.7 Average monthly relative humidity Source JARDA, 2017 Figure 4.8 Average wind speed in the project area Source JARDA,2017 Figure4.5:Average Monthly Sunshine Hours in the Study Area(1981- 2016) Source JARDA, 2017 Figure 4.6: Age Distribution of the Respondents Figure 4.7: Gender of the Household Heads Figure 4.8: Income Generating Activities Figure 4.9 Source of income in the study area Figure 4.10: Marital Status of the Respondents Figure 4.11: Household Size Distribution of the Respondents Figure 4.12: Economic Activities in the community Figure 4.13: Membership of Cooperative Group Figure 4.14 : Types of Housing in the Communities Figure 4.15: Sources of Water Figure 4.16: Access to Electricity, Health and Educational Services Figure 4.17: Current Status of Access Roads Figure 4.18: Distances to Important Places in the Communities Figure 4.19: Annual Income from Household Activities Figure 4.20: Sources of Capital Figure 4.21: Sources of Information on Agricultural Activities Figure 4.22: Effectiveness of the Information Sources 25 38 38 39 39 39 42 43 44 45 46 47 52 53 55 56 67 68 68 69 69 89 89 90 91 91 92 93 93 94 95 95 96 97 97 98 101 101 Figure 4.23: Natural Resources in the Community Figure 4.24: Beneficiaries of Natural Resources Figure 4.25: Conditions of Natural Resources Figure 4.26: Methods of Conflict Resolution Figure 4.27: Awareness on the Sugarcane Project Figure 4.28: Sources of Information about the project Figure 4.29: Perception on Benefits of the Project Figure 4.30: Perceived Benefits of the Sugarcane Project Figure 4.31: Project Sustainability Figure 4.32: Contribution in Project Sustainability 102 103 103 104 105 105 155 199 200 204 LIST OF PLATES Plate 3.1 Architectural illustration of the proposed GNA sugar mill and associated facilities Plate 4.1 Elders sitting during one of the FGD session Plate 4.2 Members of the community at a FGD session in Gagarawa Plate 4.3 A member of the community making a contribution in a FGD session Plate 4.4 An interview session Plate 4.5 An interview session Plate 4.6 In-depth interview session with an elder 97 years old Plate 4.7 Group photograph with participants at a FGD session Plate 4.8 Group photograph with another group after a FGD session Plate 4.9 Courtesy call on the Hakimi prior to the commencement of the study Plate 4.10 Group photograph with Hakimi prior to the commencement of the study Plate 4.11 Selection process of the enumerators Plate 4.12 Training session of the selected enumerators 37 59 59 60 60 61 61 61 62 63 63 64 65 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIDS BOD BSES BIP CHO CMS COD CRE CSA CSI CBO CCDI CCTV CDA CDIL CDM CHEW CIA CITES Species CLO COD C of O CSR DO DS EC ECP EHA EHO EHS EIA EIS EMP EB-EIA EPA Et EPC ESA ESIA ESMP Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Biochemical Oxygen Demand Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Backward Integration program Carbohydrate Condensed Molasses Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand Corrected Reduced Extraction Cane Supply Agreement Corporate Social Investment Community Based Organizations Community Conservation and Development Initiatives Closed Circuit Television Country Development Associates CPCS Development International Limited Clean Development Mechanism Community Health Extension Worker Cumulative Impact Assessment Convention on International Trade in Endangered Community Liaison Officer Chemical oxygen demand Certificate of Occupancy Corporate Social Responsibility Dissolved Oxygen Dry Substance or Dissolved Solids (Brix) Electrical Conductivity Erosion Control Plan Environmental Health Environmental Health Officer Environmental Health and safety Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Management Plan Evaporative binding enzyme immunoassay Environmental Protection Agency Evapotranspiration Engineering, Procurement and Construction Environmentally Sensitive Area Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMS FEPA FGD FGN FMARD FMEnv FML FRSC FAO FSC GNA GIIP GIS GRC GRM GCV GHG GMP GPS RALRP RAM RFP RoW RTA HP HIV HWT HSE IMM ISO ISSS IUCN IVMP ICUMSA ILO IOAS ISSCT JISEPA JSME LEMP L&FS LGA Environmental and Social Management System Federal Environmental Protection Agency Focus Group Discussion Federal Government of Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Federal Ministry of Environment Federal Ministry of Labor Federal Road Safety Corporation Food and Agriculture Organization Forest Stewardship Council Great Northern Agribusiness Good International Industry Practice Geographic Information System Grievance Redress Committee Grievance Redress Mechanism Gross Calorific Value Greenhouse gas Good Management Practice Global Positioning System Resettlement Action and Livelihood Restoration Plan Risk Assessment Matrix Request for Proposal Right of Way Road Traffic Accident High Pressure Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hot Water Treatment Health, Safety and Environment Impact Mitigation & Monitoring International Organization for Standardization International Society of Soil Science International Union for Conservation of Nature Integrated Vegetation Management Plan International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis International Labor Organization International Organic Accreditation Service International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Jigawa State Environmental Protection Agency Jigawa State Ministry of Environment Labor and Employment Plan Life and Fire Safety Local Government Area transformation and use including the costs of alternative or future uses forgone * The principle of intergenerational equity which requires that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs * The principle of intra-generational equity which requires that different groups of people within the state and within the present generation have the right to benefit equally from the exploitation of resources and that they have an equal right to a clean and healthy environment * That Environmentally friendly technologies must be applied for all projects *The subsidiary principle which requires that decisions should as much as possible be made by communities affected or on their behalf by the authorities closest to them The EIA policy thrust is based on the appreciation of the interdependent linkages among development processes, environmental factors as well as human and natural resources Since development remains a national priority, it is recognized that the actions designed to increase the productivity of the society and meet the essential needs of the populace must be reconciled with environmental issues that had hitherto been neglected or not given sufficient attention LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORK The Federal Government of Nigeria established, in 1988, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency vide Decree 58 of 1988 as amended by Decree 59 of 1992 and further amended by Decree 14 of 1999 and later replaced by the National Environmental Standards Regulations Enforcement Agency,(NESREA) vide the NESREA Act of 2007, to protect, restore and preserve the ecosystems of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and establish such environmental criteria, guidelines, specifications of standards as may be necessary to protect the health and welfare of the citizens from environmental degradation Some of the other policies and legislative framework that have been put in place to enhance the implementation process for environmental assessment in Nigeria include the following: • Forestry Act 1958 • Antiquities Act 1958 • Territorial Waters Decree 1967 •Oil in Navigable Waters Decree 1968 • Petroleum Decree 1969 • Quarries Decree 1969 • Sea Fisheries Decree 1971 • Land Use Decree 1978 • National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste) Regulations 1991 • Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria 1991 • Environmental Impact Assessment Decree 1992 • Water Resources Act 101 of 1993 • Minerals and Mining Act 1999 At the International level, Nigeria is a signatory to a number of conventions which are related to the environment Some of these include the following: (i) Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 (ii) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer (iii) United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (Climate Change Convention), 1992 (iv)Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) THE EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE The Terms of reference for this EIA include the following items related to the proposed project:  purpose and application of the Terms of Reference;  statement of need for and objectives of the proposal;  project background and description;  study area or impact zone(s) (e.g the affected environment and community);  applicable policy and institutional considerations;  EIA requirements and decision-making particulars;  provisions for public involvement;  alternatives to be examined;  the impacts and issues to be studied;  the studies to be carried out (e.g approach, time & space boundaries);  the requirements for mitigation and monitoring;  the information and data to be included in the EIA report;  the timeframe for completion of the EIA process; and  The means for making changes to the ToR if necessary SCOPE OF THE EIA  This EIA will be based on Nigeria's environmental guidelines as outlined by Federal Ministry of Environment and will meet internationally accepted requirements and standards of practice  This EIA document will also provide adequate information which is sufficient and relevant for decision-making in respect of the project  This EIA document will contain clear guidelines necessary for the implementations of environmental safeguards which are sufficient to mitigate adverse effects and avoid irreversible loss of resource and ecosystem functions as a consequence of the project  This EIA document will provide specific guidelines on how to integrate social and environmental concerns associated with the project  This EIA document can be used for monitoring as well as supervision and provides guidance in linking environmental planning and management with respect to the project PURPOSE OF THE EIA is to:  Provide information for decision-making consequences of the proposed project on the environmental  Promote environmentally sound and sustainable development through the identification of appropriate enhancement and mitigation measures  Prevent or minimize the adverse effects of the project  Provide planning tool to promote sustainable development integrating environmental considerations into the project  Provide a tool to evaluate the project proposals  To address public concern about the project  To mainstream the flyover project to Principle 17 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development by ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The characteristics of environmental impacts vary Typical parameters to be taken into account in impact prediction and decision-making include:  nature (positive, negative, direct, indirect, cumulative);  magnitude (severe, moderate, low);  extent/location (area/volume covered, distribution);  timing (during construction, operation, decommissioning, immediate, delayed, rate of change);  duration (short term, long term, intermittent, continuous);  reversibility/irreversibility;  likelihood (probability, uncertainty or confidence in the prediction);  Significance (local, regional, global) SOCIO –ECONOMIC IMPACTS People are an integral part of the environment Human activity alters the biophysical environment and, in turn, these impacts are translated into social effects In many EIA systems the immediate and direct social impacts of a proposal always should be analyzed as an integral component of an EIA Socio- economic impacts include changes that affect individuals, groups, communities and populations as well as the interactions between them They are alterations in the way people live, work, play, relate to each other and organize their communities and institutions to meet their needs and guide their collective actions, as well as changes in their characteristic values, beliefs, norms, traditions and perceptions of quality of life and well being Socio-economic impacts will be divided into four main types:  demographic impacts such as changes in population numbers and characteristics (such as sex ratio, age structure, in-and-out migration rates and resultant demand for social services, hospital beds, school places, housing etc);  cultural impacts including changes to shared customs, traditions and value systems (e.g language, dress, religious beliefs and rituals) archaeological, historical and cultural artifacts and to structures and environmental features with religious or ritual significance;  community impacts including changes in social structures, organizations and relationships and their accompanying effect on cohesion, stability, identity and provision of services; and  Socio-psychological impacts including changes to individual quality of life and well being, sense of security or belonging and perceptions of amenity or hazard Often, local people are not the beneficiaries of proposed development Rather they bear the brunt of the adverse impacts These effects are especially acute when projects displace people whose security and subsistence depends on the land and resources that will be affected World Bank environmental and social assessment procedures give particular attention to the impact on indigenous peoples and other vulnerable ethnic and cultural groups whose lifestyle, value and tenure systems may be disrupted or lost For this project a comprehensive socioeconomic impact assessment will be carried HEALTH IMPACTS ASSESSEMET Health impacts can be a significant aspect of certain types of projects such as this one being proposed These impacts can be beneficial as well as adverse; for example, water infrastructure projects eradicate or drastically reduce the occurrence of cholera, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases that are endemic in this area However, adverse health impacts can also occur as a result of the projects either directly from changes to the biophysical environment such as exposure to pollutants or indirectly as a secondary result of other changes; for example, the creation of habitat conditions favorable to the spread or intensification of disease vectors, such as mosquitoes (malaria) or water snails (schistosomiasis).To date, insufficient attention has been given to health impacts in comparison to coverage given to biophysical or even other social impacts In this case, health impact assessment will be carried out separately and integrated with the EIA process EVALUATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS Once the impacts have been analyzed, they are evaluated to determine their significance The attribution of significance begins early, extends throughout the EIA process There is a gradually ‗narrowing cone of resolution‘ on questions of impact significance as more complete information becomes available Following impact identification and prediction, impact evaluation is the formal stage at which a test of significance is made A systematic process will be followed in evaluating significance, distinguishing between predicted and ˜residual impacts Step one involves evaluating the significance of ‗as predicted‘ impacts to define the requirements for mitigation and other remedial actions Step two involves evaluating the significance of the ‗residual‘ impacts, i.e after mitigation measures are taken into account This test is the critical measure of whether or not a proposal is likely to cause significant impacts It is determined by the joint consideration of its characteristics (magnitude, extent, duration etc.) and the importance (or value) that is attached to the resource losses, environmental deterioration or alternative uses which are foregone Aids and principles for evaluating significance Key reference points for evaluating significance include:  environmental standards, guidelines and objectives;  level of public concern (particularly over health and safety);  scientific and professional evidence for:  loss/disruption of valued resource stocks and ecological functions;  negative impact on social values, quality of life and livelihood; and  Foreclosure of land and resource use opportunities Guiding principles for determining significance include:   use procedure and guidance established by the jurisdiction; adapt other relevant criteria or identify points of reference from comparable cases;  assign significance in a rational, defensible way;  be consistent in the comparison of alternatives; and  Document the reasons for the judgments made IMPACT PREDICTIONS An EIA report contains predictions about the environmental impacts of proposals and recommendations for their mitigation and management ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT PLAN An environmental management plan (EMP), also referred to as an impact management plan, will be prepared as part of this EIA reporting It translates recommended mitigation and monitoring measures into specific actions that will be carried out by the proponent Depending upon particular requirements, the plan will be included in, the EIA The EMP will form the basis for impact management during project construction and operation The EMP will contain the following:  summary of the potential impacts of the proposal;  description of the recommended mitigation measures;  statement of their compliance with relevant standards;  allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation;  schedule of the actions to be taken;  programme for surveillance, monitoring and auditing; and  Contingency plan when impacts are greater than expected  The EMP should contain commitments that are binding on the proponent It will be translated into project documentation and provide the basis for a legal contract that sets out the responsibilities of the proponent In turn, the proponent can use the EMP to establish environmental performance standards and requirements for those carrying out the works or providing supplies The EMP can also be used to prepare an environmental management system for the operational phase of the project ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESEMENT PROCESS This EIA is a systematic process to identify and evaluate the social, cultural, health, economic and environmental effects of the proposed project Particular attention is given to preventing, mitigating and offsetting the significant adverse effects of the proposed project based on consultations with the affected communities as well as physical data collection MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the Nigeria‘s EIA Act, the following steps will be undertaken for the three projects: In order to accomplish the assignment, a systematic approach over 24 weeks will be adopted as the time Schedule is summarized in Table Identifying and Defining the Project The goal of this step is to define the project to accurately determine the zone of possible impacts and to include activities that are closely connected with the proposal so that the entire scope of environmental impacts is evaluated adequately Baseline Data collection This involves collection and evaluation of all relevant environmental and socio-economic data relevant to the project in order to describe adequately the condition and set up of the project area prior to the commencement of the project The baseline data is key to project monitoring as it will reveal changes from ambient either in the negative or positive after the commencement of the project Scoping: Scoping is a stage, involving the public and other interested parties, that identifies the key environmental issues that should be addressed This step provides one of the first opportunities for members of the public and all interested to learn about the project and to voice their opinions This exercise may also reveal similar or connected activities that may be occurring in the vicinity of the project, or identify problems that need to be mitigated or that may cause the project to be modified Table 1: Work Schedule N° Deliverables Project start up meeting and schedule of assignment to project team members  Reconnaissance visit to project site/review of project proposal  Literature review/ collection of all available secondary data Meeting with local stakeholders to inform them of the commencement of the EIA Field work - physical parameters Field work – Socio – economic survey Laboratory analyses of WEEK      n TOTAL 10 11 samples collected from the field Data Analysis  -  Submission of draft report  Corrections of draft report Final report submission  Examination of alternatives: To establish the preferred or most environmentally sound and benign option for achieving proposal objectives Impact analysis To identify and predict the likely environmental, social and other related effects of the proposal Mitigation and impact management To establish the measures that are necessary to avoid, minimize or offset predicted adverse impacts and, where appropriate, to incorporate these into an environmental management plan or system Evaluation of significance To determine the relative importance and acceptability of residual impact i.e., impacts that cannot be mitigated Preparing Terms of Reference The Terms of Reference serve as a roadmap for the EIA preparation and encompass the issues and impacts that have been identified during the scoping process A draft Terms of Reference will be made available for public review and comment Public review at this stage of the process provides a key opportunity to ensure that the EIA is properly framed and will address issues of community concern Preparing Draft EIA A draft EIA is prepared in accordance with the Terms of Reference and/ or the range of issues identified during the scoping process The draft EIA will also meet the content requirements of the overarching EIA law or regulations This step will involve engage a wide range of technical specialists to evaluate baseline conditions, predict the likely impacts of the project, and design mitigation measures Public Participation Public participation will consist of informational meetings, public hearings, and opportunities to provide comments about the project.Key stakeholders namely, Political office holders at the local level, state and Federal Also traditional authorities concerned at the village local and state levels Members of the local communities affected by the projects at all levels will also be involved Furthermore, experts and NGOs will be engaged to identify key issues that require mitigation Due to the varying range of concern it is envisaged that public engagement of the different groups will take place at different times Preparing Final EIA This produces a final impact assessment report that addresses the viewpoints and comments of the parties that reviewed the draft EIA These comments may prompt additions to the text of the draft EIA The final EIA will contain an appendix summarizing all of the comments received from the public and other interested parties and provide responses to those comments Submission of final EIA report: The final EIA report together with the identification of key impacts, evaluation of alternatives, identification of key stakeholders to be directly impacted by the projects, Mitigation plan and Environmental monitoring plan REPORTING FORMAT In accordance with the EIA guidelines of the Federal Ministry of Environment, the following reporting shall be adopted:  Title page (including the name of complying facility)  List of preparers  Table of contents  Acknowledgement  Executive summary  Introduction  Overview of the Project/development or Activity  Baseline environmental Assessment  EMP  Bibliography  Appendix APPENDIX 11 APPENDIX III