[Group 5] Presentation Report

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY ================= LEADERSHIP IN MANAGEMENT REPORT GROUP Class: Anh 02 -VJCC – K60 Instructor: Mr Hoang Anh Duy MBA Hanoi, 12/2021 INDEX I II Introduction Literature review/ theoretical framework on Motivation or Leadership III Findings and Analysis on Motivation or Leadership of the one you choose IV Recommendation V Conclusion VI References VII Job Description and Contribution of each member I INTRODUCTION A business grows in complexity over time With increasing complexities managing the business has become a difficult task The requirement for management has increased tremendously As a matter of fact, management is an important element of the economic operations, without which modern institutions such as firms, banks, and colleges would struggle to thrive Henri Fayol initially identified five functions of management in the early 1900s as planning, organizing, command, coordination, and control Over the years, Fayol’s functions were combined and reduced to the following four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling This report is going to focus on the third function of management - leading “Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality.” —Warren Bennis Indeed, leadership is an important aspect of workplace management Leading is influencing A leader is someone who can sense the best in others, lift their vision to high sights, and raise their performance beyond expectations In today’s world, the position of a leader is more important than ever as global competition increases rapidly To lead in a world where there is no certainty about what happens next, a leader has to create the vision and provide the conditions needed for their team to perform and be prepared for anything Our group has selected a scene from Harry Potter to analyze how Harry Potter has used his leadership skill to persuade his friends to join his organization - Dumbledore’s Army (DA), in order to learn self-defense magic, together with rebel against the Death Eaters Through this group project, our group aims to gain a deeper understanding of what leadership is, what early theories of leadership tell us about leadership, how to classify leadership styles according to these theories and what should leaders in today’s environment learn about that II LITERATURE REVIEW ON LEADERSHIP Fundamental definitions 1.1 Definitions Leader is someone with managerial authority and the ability to influence others Leadership is known as the process of guiding and persuading a group to achieve its objectives In specific situations such as business environments, managers should be leaders, because leadership is one of the four management functions 1.2 Approaches to leadership Approaches Time Trait approaches 1900s Behavioral approaches 1930s Situational approaches 1960s Contemporary approaches 1970s Compare and contrast early theories of leadership 2.1 Leadership traits theories Leadership trait theories are hypotheses that separate traits that distinguish leaders from nonleaders The theories mention typical traits as below 1st Drive Leaders put up a lot of work They have a strong drive to succeed Such people are ambitious ones that have a lot of energy They are relentless in their pursuits, and show initiative 2nd Desire to lead Leaders are driven by a great desire to lead and influence others They show a willingness to accept responsibility 3rd Honesty and integrity Leaders establish trustworthy connections with their followers by being honest or nondeceitful, and by demonstrating a high level of consistency in their words and actions 4th Self-confidence Leaders are held in high regard by their followers for their lack of self-doubt As a result, leaders must exude self-assurance in order to persuade followers that their aims and decisions are correct 5th Intelligence Leaders must have the ability to gather, synthesize, and evaluate huge volumes of data, as well as the ability to establish visions, solve issues, and make sound judgments 6th Job-relevant knowledge Effective leaders have a deep understanding of their organization, industry, and technological issues Leaders can make well-informed judgments and comprehend the consequences of their decisions with indepth knowledge 7th Extraversion Leaders are those who are vivacious and active They are gregarious, outspoken, and rarely quiet or reserved 2.2 Leadership behavior theories Leadership behavior theories are hypotheses that identify the characteristics that distinguish effective from ineffective leaders Behavioral Dimension University of Democratic style: Involving Conclusion Democratic style of Iowa subordinates, delegating leadership was most authority and encouraging effective, although later participation studies show mixed results Autocratic style: Dictating work methods, centralizing decision making and limiting participation Laissez-faire style: Giving group freedom to make decisions and complete work Ohio State Studies Consideration: Being High-high leaders (high in considerate of followers’ consideration and high in ideas and feelings initiating structure) achieved high subordinate Initiating structure: performance and Structuring work and satisfaction, but not in all relationships to meet job situations goals University of Michigan Employee oriented: Employee-oriented leaders Emphasized interpersonal were associated with high relationships and taking care group productivity and of employees’ needs higher job satisfaction Production oriented: emphasized technical or task aspects of a job Managerial Grid Concern for people: Measured leader’s concern Leaders perform best with a 9,9 style (high concern for for subordinates on a scale of production and high to (low to high) concern for people) Concern for production: Measured leader’s concern for getting a job done on a scale to (low to high) Contingency theories of leadership The Fiedler Contingency model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations He measured leader style – relationship oriented or task oriented – using the least-preferred coworker questionnaire Fiedler also assumed a leader’s style was fixed He measured three contingency dimensions: leader-member relations, task structure and position power The model suggests that task oriented leaders performed best in very favorable and very unfavorable situations, and relationship oriented leaders performed best in moderately favorable situations Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory focuses on followers’ readiness They identified four leadership styles: Telling (high task – low relationship), Selling (high task – high relationship), Participating (low task – high relationship) and Delegating (low task – low relationship) They also identified four stages of readiness: Unable and Unwilling (use telling style), Unable but Willing (use selling style), Able but Unwilling (use participative style) and Able and Willing (use delegating style) The path goal model developed by Robert House identified four leadership behaviors: directive, supportive, participative and achievement oriented He assumed that a leader can and should be flexible and able to use any of these styles depending on the situation The two situational contingency variables were found in the environment and in the follower Essentially the path-goal model says that a leader should provide direction and support as needed; that is, structure the path so the followers can achieve goals III FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS ON MOTIVATION OR LEADERSHIP OF THE VIDEO YOU CHOOSE Overview 1.1 Film: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 1.2 Content summary: - main characters: Harry Potter and his friends Hermione Granger, Ron Weasley and Luna Lovegood and their fellows at Hogwarts - Mission: Creating Dumbledore’s Army - In this video, Harry tried to persuade other students of Hogwarts school to join his organization - Dumbledore’s Army (DA) - to learn magic with the intentions of selfdefense from Voldemort and his Death Eaters Harry became the teacher of the class and trained the students very successfully Everyone knew how to create and control magics Because of his dedication, he gradually gained everyone’s affection After that, because of some events, Harry Potter left school, DA stopped operating, Hogwarts school was threatened At the end of the video, when Harry came back, he was welcomed by DA’s members and received their support to defeat Voldemort in the last battle 1.3 Harry Potter: - He is the leader and also the teacher of Dumbledore’s Army - Brave, determined, loyal and intelligent, sometimes a little sensitive but understandable - He made plans and prepared a well-built force, both physically and spiritually effective - Willing to accept skepticism and controversy, and let his spirit and actions proved Video 2.1 Scene 1: Harry, with the help of Ron and Hermione, formed Dumbledore’s Army - Problems ○ Harry’s agony and feeling of guilt after the death of his rival Cedric Digory at the final round of the Triwizard Tournament ○ The return of Lord Voldemort and his Dead Eaters, even the Sorting Hat, which traditionally sorts all new students into one of four houses, cautions the students against becoming too internally divided ○ The paradoxical control of Dolores Umbridge over Hogwarts to all students, the denial and neglect to Harry’s warning about the returns of Voldemort and his followers and her refusal to teach students how to perform Defense Spell => The demand of uniting a defense force to help the students at Hogwarts learn magical self-defense spells in case of emergency or danger - Harry’s action ○ Did not deny but admitted that part of his previous victories was due to luck and help of others ○ Told everyone about the danger when Voldemort came back and revived his power with his Dead Eaters ○ Unite and foster the courage of the students to protect themselves, protect Hogwarts ○ Form Dumbledore’s Army => 25 students signed up 2.2 Scene 2: Harry taught his friends at Hogwarts to perform Defense Spells - Problems: ○ Find a secret but large enough and sufficiency of facility to help perform the spells ○ An Inquisitorial Squad from Slytherin house with severe observation of Dolores and Mr Flinch ○ The complexity of the spells to its performers ○ - Neville had difficulty practicing the spells and his feeling of inferiority Harry’s action ○ Discovered the Room of Requirement where everyone could freely practice their spells whenever they wanted ○ Taught DA fundamental defense spell: Stupefy, Expelliarmus, Expecto Patronum, etc ○ Maintained his composure and positively encouraged his friends while practicing, especially show his tolerance towards Neville’s slow progress and gradually instructed him to improve his skills ○ Praised everybody for their endeavor after successfully performing the spells 2.3 Scene 3: Harry came back to Hogwarts to find a thing that have a connection to Voldemort (a Horcrux) - Problems ○ Dolores and Mr Flinch exposed Dumbledore’s Army The group then had to temporarily stopped operating ○ Harry had to leave Hogwarts for a period of time - Harry’s actions ○ Came back and again received DA’s support ○ Asked their opinions about “a small, easily concealed” objects that may have a connection to Voldemort ○ Received Luna Lovegood’s suggestion about the lost Diadem of Ravenclaw, which later turned out to be one of Voldemort’s Horcrux Apply theories of leadership to analyze the video 3.1 Trait Approaches Through many researches conducted in the last three decades of the 20th century, a set of core traits of successful leaders have been identify: - 1st – Drive: Leaders exhibit a high effort level They have a relatively high desire for achievement, they are ambitious, they have a lot of energy, they are tirelessly persistent in their activities, and they show initiative: The DA’s intention is to learn magic to defend themselves from Voldemort and the Death Eaters; and to defeat Voldemort And Harry Potter was tirelessly persistent with those goals throughout the series of episodes, especially since the DA was established Moreover, in the video, Harry Potter showed this first trait through his words: “In real life it’s not like a school In school if you make a mistake you can just try again tomorrow But out there when you are a I don't know when you’re second away from being murdered or watching a friend die right before your eyes, you don’t know what that’s like” - 2nd – Desire to lead: Leaders have a strong desire to influence and lead others They demonstrate the willingness to take responsibility Harry Potter also has a strong desire to lead the organization to achieve their goals after seeing a friend of him died right before his eyes due to Voldemort: “When you’re second away from being murdered or watching a friend die right before your eyes, you don’t know what that’s like”; “That's why we need your help because if we're going to have any chance of beating Voldemort” - 3rd – Honesty and integrity: Leaders build trusting relationships with followers by being truthful or non deceitful and by showing high consistency between word and deed He persuaded people to join the organization not by showing off his skills or achievements, but by building trust and sympathy: “In real life it’s not like a school In school if you make a mistake you can just try again tomorrow But out there when you are a I don't know when you’re second away from being murdered or watching a friend die right before your eyes, you don’t know what that’s like” Therefore, members understood and had strong belief in his plan He devotedly taught them self-defense magic, helped them to improve their skills He boosted their confidence, encouraged them by motivating words: “Fantastic Jenny”, “I know”, “This is really advanced stuff, you are doing so well”, “Fantastic Thomas Well done” - 4th – Self-confidence: Followers look to leaders for an absence of self-doubt Leaders, therefore, need to show self-confidence in order to convince followers of the rightness of their goals and decisions “In real life it’s not like a school In school if you make a mistake you can just try again tomorrow But out there when you are a I don't know when you’re second away from being murdered or watching a friend die right before your eyes, you don’t know what that’s like” He showed terrifying consequences which would happen if Voldemort came back He persuaded people that learning self-defense magic was definitely the right decision, and everyone could believe in him - 5th – Intelligence: Leaders need to be intelligent enough to gather, synthesize and interpret large amounts of information, and they need to be able to create visions, solve problems and make correct decisions Harry Potter may be the character the series is named after, but that doesn’t make him the know-it-all of the Wizarding World Nonetheless, Harry doesn't lack intelligence While he was only an average student, throughout the series he displayed quantities that showed he’s above average in numerous ways Harry showed special talent in the areas of Potions and Defense Against the Dark Arts Especially when he was provided with good instruction, he flourished In addition, even though The Boy Who Lived was a courageous character, that would have only taken him so far if he didn’t have the quick wits and sound judgment to back it up - 6th - Job-relevant knowledge: Effective leaders have a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry and technical matters In-depth knowledge allows leaders to make well-informed decisions and to understand the implications of those decisions He showed his knowledge and skills in Defense Against the Dark Arts He instructed members, taught them defensive magic, pointed out their mistakes and gave them advice and solutions to improve: “Expecto patronum a full-bodied petronas is the most difficult to produce but shield forms can also be equally useful against a variety of opponents Just remember your Patronus can only protect you for as long as you stay focused” - 7th – Extraversion: Leaders are energetic, lively people They are sociable, assertive and rarely silent or withdrawn He devotedly taught members self-defense magic, helped them to improve their skills He instructed one by one, regularly encouraged them, made a positive environment: “Fantastic Jenny”, “I know”, “This is really advanced stuff, you are doing so well”, “Fantastic Thomas Well done” 10 3.2 Behavioral Approach According to the theory of the University of Iowa, we define Harry Potter’s leadership style is democratic style, which is the most effective style of leadership compared to the other styles - Harry Potter encouraged members to share their ideas and opinions: he didn't force them to join the organization He persuaded them In the last battle, they needed to find and destroy a thing called Horcrux hidden in the castle to defeat Voldemort But Harry Potter didn’t know what and where it was So he asked DA’s members if they had any idea about the Horcrux Thanks to Luna’s idea about a crown which later turned out to be the Horcrux they were finding, they successfully found and destroyed it - He learned early on how to use people’s talents for the greater good Every person has talents that they either share with others or talents that set them apart from others Harry Potter learned how to accept help when it was needed and how to delegate tasks to those with the proper skills, to get things done - He treated everyone in the organization fairly Whether they are from any houses in Hogwarts school, whether their skills are good or bad, he never once acted like he was above any of them He always asked for their opinions and ideas before making decisions, encouraged and cared about each member so that they would feel being a part of the organization - He was brave He didn’t wait for others to take care of things that needed to be taken care of sooner He went places that others were afraid of and did what was necessary, including taking chances in giving up his own life, for the greater good 3.3 Contemporary Approach : - Contingency Theory of Leadership - The Fiedler Model A leadership theory proposes that effective group performance depends upon the proper match between a leader’s style and the degree to which the situation allows the leader to control and influence There are styles and situations ○ Harry Potter’s leadership style is relationship-oriented As he focused on building trust and sympathy among members, he encouraged and motivated 11 members to better and to achieve their goals ○ After defining situational factors, we concluded that his leadership situation is situation IV, which is a moderately favorable situation, as: + Leader–member relations (the degree of confidence, trust, and respect employees had for their leader): good + Task structure (the degree to which job assignments are formalized and structured): low - they did not have any clear and specific plan to defeat Voldemort + Position power (the degree of influence a leader has over activities such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases): weak their relationship build on trust, motivation and support each others, so Harry Potter does not have any power in punishing or controlling members ○ According to the Fiedler Model’s conclusion, relationship-oriented leaders performed better in moderately favorable situations Therefore, Harry Potter’s leadership style is the most effective in the video’s situation 12 IV RECOMMENDATIONS Harry Potter’s leadership style is analyzed in section III as Democratic style of leadership (according to University of Iowa) or Relationship-oriented style of leadership (according to The Fiedler Model) In this section, our group will analyze the pros and cons of these leadership styles and give recommendations Advantages of Harry Potter’s leadership style It encourages participation By its very definition, this leadership style invites participation and involvement from people within an organization who may not otherwise be (or feel) represented By fostering feelings of involvement and inclusion, team members are made to feel more important They feel more appreciated and incorporated into an organization when their issues are acknowledged It promotes the free flow of ideas Drawing on a wider pool of expertise and opinion brings more input to the decision-making process This open flow of ideas, bolstered by various viewpoints that represent the diversity of the workplace, may lead to decisions being made that have been held to higher standards of scrutiny than they might have been otherwise It strengthens team relationships The seeds for stronger team connections are cultivated by establishing a workplace where individuals interact, ideas flow, and conversations take place Under effective democratic leadership, discussion becomes the norm Frequent communication with coworkers, particularly on matters that directly affect your work life, may rapidly establish the foundation for better professional (and personal) connections Disadvantages of Harry Potter’s leadership style It may lead to poor decision-making during crisis situations The democratic leadership style or relationship-oriented style works exceptionally well when there is adequate time to develop an informational database from an entire team of direct reports If an organization is facing an emergency situation, then the time it takes to solicit feedback from each worker becomes a hindrance because it increases the delay of resource implementation Even leaders who are entrusted with making an urgent decision may be 13 hesitant to so since they are accustomed to consulting their team or colleague managers in the process It may be hard for the team to reach a consensus decision Because everyone has an opportunity to share their experiences, voice their opinions, or offer a perspective gained through their education, the time it takes to reach a final decision might become a liability Having discussions that creates uniformity among the team may result in lower levels of productivity instead of inspiring additional work Recommendations for the leader in the video After listening to members’ opinions, the leader has to make final decisions, make a clear and specific plan based on those opinions In the video, Harry Potter did not have any specific plan and therefore, some members didn’t know what they had to do; and some members even died The leader should consider members’ skills and abilities when deciding what to next In the video, right after members had just learned defensive magics, Harry Potter decided to let members go to the Ministry of Magic with him to rescue his godfather Sirius Black As a consequence, they must have been killed by the Death Eaters if it hadn’t been for Sirius and Dumbledore’s help But unfortunately, his godfather died Sometimes, Harry Potter was not open to members’ opinions, especially in emergent situations Therefore, the leader should be patient, keep calm to listen to members and make wise decisions Recommendations for future leaders To be an effective leader, future leaders should consider many factors: specific situations, their own personalities, their team’s characteristics, their organization objectives, etc It’s important to understand that the goal is not to establish perfect conformity to a single leading type or to mimic the style they believe is most effective, but to understand your primary way of leading and how to take action to balance your dominant style with your “recessive” management skills Therefore, it is recommended for leaders to adapt their leadership styles to specific demands of each employee, as well as their current work situation Rather than taking a 14 "one size fits all" approach, leaders should be flexible in their approach, adjusting their style as the person’s needs and experience progresses V CONCLUSION This report proposes a theoretical framework on leadership, and applies it to analyze leadership in the well-known movie: Harry Potter In the first section, the report introduces the concept of leadership, then compares and contrasts earlier theories of leadership, including trait theory and behavioral theories It also briefly reviews the contingency theories of leadership In the second section, the report continues to apply the theories mentioned in section one to analyze how leadership is depicted in the selected video First, it gives a brief summary of the video’s content Next, the report goes on to apply trait approach, behavioral approach and contemporary approach respectively to find out which leadership styles were used and its impact on the team’s performance In the last section, the report looks at the benefits and disadvantages of these styles and presents some recommendations for improvement 15 VI REFERENCES Amini, M., Mulavizada, S and Nikzad, H., 2019 The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Fair Leadership Style on Employee Motivation and Commitment: A Case Study of Afghan Wireless Communication Company (Awcc) IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), [online] 21(6), pp.45-50 Available at: [Accessed December 2021] Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M and Shaikh, F., 2012 The Impact of Autocratic and Democratic Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction International Business Research, 5(2) Dolly, K and Nonyelum P., O., 2018 Impact of democratic leadership style on job performance of subordinates in academic libraries in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria [online] Nkpolu-Oroworukwo: International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH A Knowledge Repository Available at: [Accessed December 2021] Jaafar, S., 2021 Leadership style: Is it autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire? ASEAN Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(1), pp.1-7 Robbins, S., Coulter, M and DeCenzo, D., 2012 Management 11th ed New Jersey 16 VII JOB DESCRIPTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF EACH MEMBER Member Contribution Trần Thu Hà Content Analyzer (theory preparation), Presenter Đỗ Tùng Lâm Content Analyzer (traits, recommendation) Nguyễn Nhật Minh Content Analyzer (traits, styles, impact, recommendation), Video Editor, Presenter Nguyễn Anh Thư Content Analyzer (video summary, definitions, recommendation), Presenter Nguyễn Phương Anh Report Writer (literature review), Slides Maker (impact, recommendation), Presenter Đào Nhật Hà Slides Maker (style theories) Đặng Lan Hương Report Writer (findings and analysis on Leadership) Đinh Trần Nguyệt Minh Content Analyzer (theory preparation), Report Writer (introduction, recommendation, conclusion, references) Hoàng Doãn Hà Trang Leader, Slides Maker (introduction, video introduction & summary) Đỗ Minh Yến Content Analyzer (traits, styles, impact, recommendation), Slides Maker (traits) 17 ... V CONCLUSION This report proposes a theoretical framework on leadership, and applies it to analyze leadership in the well-known movie: Harry Potter In the first section, the report introduces... the report continues to apply the theories mentioned in section one to analyze how leadership is depicted in the selected video First, it gives a brief summary of the video’s content Next, the report. .. Presenter Nguyễn Phương Anh Report Writer (literature review), Slides Maker (impact, recommendation), Presenter Đào Nhật Hà Slides Maker (style theories) Đặng Lan Hương Report Writer (findings and