... topic before reading about it;1.3 adjust reading strategies for a variety of purposes such as reading carefully, skimming and scanning,fitting materials into an organizational pattern, reading a ... communicate with others" (International Reading Association, 1995). Based on this expanded definitionof literacy, the Reading/ Writing standards address notonly reading and writing, but also speaking, ... assessmentsthat measure student achievement in reading and writing; and• monitoring the implementation of contentstandards for reading and writing instruction. Reading and Writing Content Standards1....