Tài liệu Microeconomics for MBAs 21 ppt

... rather than be forced to pay a higher than expected price for the input. This is exactly the arrangement that automobile companies have with some of their suppliers. Ford, for example, buys ... percent of its parts in-house in the mid 1990s, versus 50 percent for Ford (the second lowest-cost American producer) and 70 percent for General Motors. Toyota produces only 25 percent of i...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... to look for other reasons, mainly as a means of improving incentives for workers to do as the employer wants. As it turns out, Henry Ford was not offering his workers something extra for nothing ... of the wage would be returned in the form of greater production and sales and even greater job security for workers. But there were other benefits for Ford. When workers are paid...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... edict specifying maximum prices for everything from poultry to gold, and maximum wages for everyone from lawyers to the cleaners of sewer systems. The penalty for violating the edict was death. ... demonstrated a knack for bringing new products to market quickly. However, we mention the keiretsu organizational form here only because of one of its more unheralded benefits: it is a...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... shirks, little good will result for her, or for the firm, from diligent effort on her part. So no matter what she believes other workers will do, the rational thing for her to do is to capture ... profits are high despite her lack of effort, in which case she receives the highest possible payoff that any one individual can receive of 125. 25 Unfortunately for Jane, all workers f...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... ways, and many of their differences have important implications for the type of productive efforts for which they are best suited. For example, both of the authors would have liked to have been ... been paid. As the boss, the owner is responsible for monitoring the workers to see if each one of them is properly performing his or her job, and for applying the appropriate penaltie...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... quotas is that quotas are typically specified for each important foreign producer. Otherwise, all foreign producers would rush to sell their goods before the quota was reached. When quotas are ... 1984 and 1985. Tariffs, on the other hand, force foreign firms to lower their prices to offset the increase from the tariff. They also generate income for the federal government. Although ta...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... dollar holdings of foreign banks. So will American expenditures abroad whether for tours or for foreign stocks and bonds. Americans must have francs for such transactions; therefore, they must ... national defense, have lobbied for protection from foreign oil in wartime, the effects of a tariff are not entirely straightforward as might be thought. By making foreign oil more expens...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... dismisses for being wrongheaded or for not being important. 5 What Coase was interested in, however, was not a catalogue of “small” explanations for this or that firm, but an explanation for the ... always look for competitive bids from alternative suppliers for everything used whether in the form of parts to be assembled, accounting and computer services to be used, or, for...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... Reasons for Firm Incentives 46 Nevertheless, we might expect employers to pay for specific human capital when they have a reputation for fair and honest dealing. As we have argued before, ... of being around for a number of years. Financially shaky firms in highly unstable markets are going to be reluctant to pay for the cost of their workers’ MBAs. Credit will, for th...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... A, for example, must pay $100 to eliminate the first unit of sulfur dioxide and $200 to eliminate the second. Firm B must pay $200 for the first unit and $600 for the second. Although the information ... people pay for them every year shows that there is a demand, illustrated by curve D 1 in Figure 7.3. In getting shots for themselves, however, people also provide external b...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15