... whichcreate the predominant surface pattern. Roughness includes those surface featuresintrinsic to the production process.2. Waviness — surface irregularities of greater spacing than roughness. They ... Mechanical EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, New YorkJames A. O’BrienManager, Planning Amoco Petroleum Additives CompanyClayton, MissouriEugene E. Pfaffenberger, P.E.ManagerEngineering ... impairedby excrescences or cracks.Raand Rzare easily determined and are widely used to monitor production consistency.They have one major disadvantage: both give equal weight to the shape of...