... (helper) verb in order to form a complete tense.
Participles are of two kinds.
Present participles
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the base verb
form.
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116
Perfect tenses
As ... Participles
Definition: The word ‘participle’ comes to us via French, via
Latin, from Greek, and means part- taking’. In grammar a par-
ticiple is a part taken from a complete, ... which inc...
... adverbs of comparison
These irregular forms cause difficulty for some students who use
them wrongly and use an adjective instead (He did it good – or
performed real bad).
It is a good idea to ... sentence.
For example:
This is the worst firewood we have had. [adjective qualifying the
noun ‘firewood’]
It burns worst in wet weather. [adverb modifying the verb ‘burns’]
For adverbs modifyin...
... with plural forms that don’t
end with ‘s’.
For example:
Children’s teeth …
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t h e A p o s t r o p h e
A
In spoken language, to avoid ambiguity, we can fall back on the
longer form.
For example:
‘The ... Jones’ Mercedes
Avoiding confusion
The apostrophe is traditionally used for clarity in abbreviations
and other forms.
For example:
The MSc’s were awarded next.
There are two s’...
... used for speech marks. A quotation within speech would be
marked by one at either end.
For example:
“My favourite book is ‘The Goblet of Fire’, by J.K. Rowling,” answered
Julie.
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89
A
For ... J.K. Rowling,” answered
Julie.
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89
A
For example:
More information can be added to the sentence and allocated to
the correct part.
For example:
14.1 Activities: subject and predicate...
...
to bed. Don’t (you) forget your lunch
Abbreviations
If the students are showing confidence in diagramming sentences
and recognising the parts of speech, it is now appropriate for them
to start ... (big onions)
f. Don’t forget to take . . . . . . . . . . (an umbrella)
g. Just fill in . . . . . . . . . . (this form)
h. Let’s book . . . . . . . . . . (seats)
i. They forgot their . . . . . ......
...
and various verb forms. Contrary to the view expressed by some
educationists, it is not sufficient for grammar to be dealt with
‘by the way’ or ‘as it arises within subjects’, for reasons already ... Parsing, for example, demonstrates
students’ recognition of the parts of speech. It is the term for an
exercise that reveals the scope of their understanding, just as the
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108
Be...
... (sing.) bad for you.
There are many foods available – some are better for you than others.
Similarly, it is correct to say ‘May I have less meat’ (you cannot
count meat), but we must ask for fewer ... suffered the action
of being kicked.
The passive form is composed of an auxiliary verb plus a
participle. Logic tells us that the passive voice can be formed only
with a transitive ver...
... any money.
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128
For example:
She had driven.
past tense past participle
This tense takes us another step back in time. The action was
completed before another one took place.
For example:
He ... term ‘participle’
• state the present participle of any common verb
• state the past participle of most common verbs
• complete past, present and future tenses using present and past
partic...
... pause) between two
balanced parts of a sentence, in which the second part explains
or furthers the information given in the first part.
For example:
I got our tickets for the final: they had nearly ... adjective
For example:
He was so pleased.
adv adj
Adverbs formed from adjectives
For example:
My shoelace is loose. [adj]
I tied it too loosely. [adv]
19. 2 Activity: adjectives a...
... take different forms according to
the part they play in the sentence.
For example:
As the subject:
Who – Who are you?
As the object:
(For a person) whom – Whom did you see?
(For a thing) what ... we contracted malaria.
In Africa …. we contracted malaria.
• For dramatic effect.
For example:
The glass shattered on the floor and a form appeared in the
window …
‘It’s … It’s … a g…gh...