... knowledge dissemination andprogress. In this book, we consider the term “pooling” asmeaning the pooling of resources that come into play duringthe design and development of software , aiming for sharedbenefits. ... (GML), Report, ISO InternationalStandard, 2007.[KAM 08] KAMEL I., “Indexing, Hilbert R-tree, spatialindexing, multimedia indexing”, Encyclopedia of GIS,SpringerScience/Business Media, New ... programming interfaces, financing, or yet experience in project management.1.2.1. T he need for pooling and its relevanceThe relevance of pooling i s true for any field of researc hfocusing on innovation....