... syn-thase, phosphofructokinase 2, ceramide synthesis, glucoseuptake, apoptosis, insulin receptor substrate 1, mammaliantarget of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), mitogen-activatedprotein kinase kinase 3, ... blockedinactivation of the AMPK by insulin (Fig. 7), suggesting adominance of the fatty acid-driven pathway for activation of AMPK over at least some aspects of insulin signalling.This dominance of ... characteristic of the fasting state. The inclusion of fatty acids resulted in increased activities of the a-1 or the a-2 isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increased phosphoryla-tion of acetyl-CoA...