... Turbinates and the Metabolic Status of Dinosaurs and Early Birds Several factors complicate the study of the evolutionary history of turbinates in birds and, potentially, in their relatives, the dinosaurs ... Paleophysiology of Dinosaurs and Early Birds 149 Figure Left, Left lateral CT scans of the skulls of the theropod dinosaurs Ornithomimus (top) and Nanotyrannus (bottom) Arrows trace the path of airflow ... rhychocephalians, crocodilians, and birds) possess septate lungs (Ruben et al 1997a) Alveolar lungs are composed of millions of highly vascular- Paleophysiology of Dinosaurs and Early Birds ized, spherical...