Marcro micro econmiy david begg chapter 031

... examination are frequently nonspecific and unimpressive Between 0.5 and 2% of colds are complicated by secondary bacterial infections (e.g., rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and pneumonia), particularly in ... an acute, mild, and self-limited catarrhal syndrome, with a median duration of ~1 week Signs and symptoms are diverse and frequently variable across patients The principal s...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species Often, these infections are polymicrobial and involve organisms that are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics Fungi are also established causes of sinusitis, ... alone and with bacteria—have been rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus Bacterial causes of sinusitis have been better described Among community-acquired cases, S pn...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Management of Sinusitis and Committee on Quality Improvement, 2001; Hickner et al, 2001; Piccirillo, 2004; and Sinus and Allergy Health Partnership, 2004 The clinical history and/ or setting can often ... retroorbital or periorbital pain Nasopharyngeal ulcerations, epistaxis, and headaches are also frequent, and involvement of cranial nerves V and VII has been described in more...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... conduct endoscopic examinations and obtain tissue samples for histologic examination and culture Chronic fungal sinusitis is a disease of immunocompetent hosts and is usually noninvasive, although ... in these patients, with no need for antifungal therapy Another form of disease presents with long-standing, often unilateral symptoms and opacification of a single sinus on imaging studi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... swelling, and extreme tenderness of the pinna, although the lobule is less often involved in perichondritis The most common pathogens are P aeruginosa and S aureus, although other gram-negative and ... Treatment consists of warm compresses and oral antibiotics such as dicloxacillin that are active against typical skin and soft tissue pathogens (specifically, S aureus and strepto...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... weeks to months, and often is difficult to distinguish from a severe case of chronic otitis externa because of the presence of purulent otorrhea and an erythematous swollen ear and external canal ... near the junction of bone and cartilage If left unchecked, the infection can migrate to the base of the skull (resulting in skull-base osteomyelitis) and on to the meninges and brain,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... inflammation of the upper respiratory mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children) Other signs and symptoms that are occasionally reported include vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus Acute ... of positive and negative pressure, but this movement is dampened when fluid is present With bacterial infection, the tympanic membrane can also be erythematous, bulging, or retracted an...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... keratinaceous debris (cholesteatoma) at the site of invasion This mass can enlarge and has the potential to erode bone and promote further infection, which can lead to meningitis, brain abscess, or ... connect with the middle ear, the process of fluid collection and infection is usually the same in the mastoid as in the middle ear Early and frequent treatment of acute otitis media is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... cause Together, respiratory viruses are the most common identifiable cause of acute pharyngitis, with rhinoviruses and coronaviruses accounting for large proportions of cases (~20% and at least ... erythematous rash and strawberry tongue The other types of acute bacterial pharyngitis (e.g., gonococcal, diphtherial, and yersinial) often present as exudative pharyngitis with or wi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... 1998 Cultures and rapid diagnostic tests for other causes of acute pharyngitis, such as influenza virus, adenovirus, HSV, EBV, CMV, and M pneumoniae, are available in some locations and can be used ... A streptococci The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American College of Physicians, and the American Academy of Family P...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... often needed for primary infections, extensive oral infections, and infections in immunocompromised patients Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush) is caused by a variety of Candida species, most often ... that involves the sublingual and submandibular spaces and that typically originates from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars Imp...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... caused predominantly by respiratory viruses, these symptoms usually occur in association with other symptoms and signs of URI, including rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, cough, and sore throat Direct ... esophagitis and particularly in immunosuppressed patients Rare cases of chronic laryngitis are due to Coccidioides and Cryptococcus Clinical Manifestations Laryngitis is characterize...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... neck are the submandibular (and sublingual) space, the lateral pharyngeal (or parapharyngeal) space, and the retropharyngeal space These spaces communicate with one another and with other important ... influenzae Infections of the Deep Neck Structures Deep neck infections are usually extensions of infection from other primary sites, most often within the pharynx or oral cavity Ma...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... covers applications based on two widely used bit microcontrollers viz PIC series from Microchip and MCS51 series from Atmel Authors have chosen the right microcontroller for the right application The ... well as stand-alone chips such as microprocessors and microcontrollers, which has cannibalized their sells as compared to the consumption volume of stand-alone Micro- Processing Units (MPUs)...

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2012, 08:54