... 19 Holland L: Vacuum Deposition of Thin Films Wiley, New York; 1956 doi:10.1007/s11671-010-9744-5 Cite this article as: Zhang et al.: Design and Fabrication of Fiber-Optic Nanoprobes for Optical ... nanoprobe fabrication A thin film of an optically opaque metal such as aluminum, silver, or gold is coated along the outside walls of the tapered optical fiber tip to form an optical light pipe free of ... gives reliable nanoprobes with well-defined nanoapertures of circular geometry, and the length of the optical fiber nanoprobes can be longer, which can make coupling of light into the optical fibers...