Introduction to The Monetary System

... 1914 to restore confidence in the nation’s banking system Online Tour of the Federal Reserve System Harcourt, Inc items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc The Federal Reserve System ... Reserve System The Structure of the Federal Reserve System: The primary elements in the Federal Reserve System are: 1) The Board of Governors 2) The Regional Fed...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2016, 11:34

... Ch 01_ 00 1- 0 08_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 10 :52 AM Page INTRODUCTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PA Ao RA LA RV Pulmonary Circulation LV Systemic Circulation FIGURE 1- 1 Overview of the cardiovascular system ... 4/ 21/ 04 10 :53 AM Page 11 ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART 11 TABLE 2 -1 ION CONCENTRATIONS1 INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF RESTING MYOCYTES ION INSIDE (mM) OUTSIDE (mM...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... within the AV node, which might prolong the P-R interval Therefore, taking the patient off the ␤-blocker might improve AV nodal conduction and thereby decrease the P-R interval to within the normal ... 4 /21 /04 10:53 AM Page 33 ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART wave of the QRS) About 20 milliseconds later, the mean electrical vector points downward toward the apex (vect...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... causes the end-diastolic pressurevolume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4-2 7 This shift will reduce the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-diastolic pressure at the ... energy of blood within the aorta The total energy of the blood is the sum of the pressure energy and the kinetic energy; the latter is related to the square of t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... curves The value of the x-intercept in Figure 5- 1 5 is the mean circulatory filling pressure, or the pressure throughout the vascular system when there is no blood flow This value depends on the vascular ... distance from the heart to the feet will increase capillary pressure in the feet If the distance from the heart to the feet is 120 cm, the hydrostatic pr...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... autoregulatory range) This is because of the strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate and their ability to escape sympathetic vasoconstrictor influences The autoregulatory response helps to ensure ... or above the autoregulatory range, flow changes are approximately proportional to the changes in perfusion pressure The autoregulatory range as well as the flatness of t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... blood flow to the skin is to allow heat to be exchanged between the blood and the environment to help regulate body temperature Therefore, the cutaneous circulation is under the control of hypothalamic ... skeletal muscle, the muscle cells adjacent to the capillary take up the oxygen for use by the mitochondria Consequently, little oxygen diffuses all the way thro...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... high in the body The blood transports the epinephrine and norepinephrine to the heart and other organs, where they act upon alpha- and betaadrenoceptors to enhance cardiac function and either constrict ... output, thereby partially restoring arterial pressure Most of the compensatory responses occur regardless of the cause of hypotension; however, the ability of the heart...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN-1 Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized from an endothelin precursor (big ET-1 or pro-ET-1) and cleaved to ET-1 by endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) found on the endothelial cell ... sympathetic tone on the systemic vasculature The correct answer is “b” because increased blood pCO2 stimulates chemoreceptors, which activate the sympathetic nervous system to co...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... vein into the right atrium, passed into the right ventricle, then positioned within a branch of the pulmonary artery There is one opening (port) at the tip of the catheter (distal to the balloon) ... as the product of the volume of fluid and the pressure required to move the fluid Stroke work (SW) refers to the work done by the ventricle to eject a volume of bloo...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:20

... causes the end-diastolic pressurevolume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4-2 7 This shift will reduce the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-diastolic pressure at the ... energy of blood within the aorta The total energy of the blood is the sum of the pressure energy and the kinetic energy; the latter is related to the square of t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... rapidly, and to a smaller end-systolic volume (right figure) The reduced end-systolic volume leads to a compensatory decrease in end-diastolic volume; however, the reduction in end-systolic volume ... sar- Ch 04_ 05 9-0 90_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11:08 AM Page 84 84 CHAPTER CASE 4- 3 A 67-year-old male is diagnosed with left ventricular failure months following an acute myocardial in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... autoregulatory range) This is because of the strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate and their ability to escape sympathetic vasoconstrictor influences The autoregulatory response helps to ensure ... or above the autoregulatory range, flow changes are approximately proportional to the changes in perfusion pressure The autoregulatory range as well as the flatness of t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... role of blood flow to the skin is to allow heat to be exchanged between the blood and the environment to help regulate body temperature Therefore, the cutaneous circulation is under the control of ... skeletal muscle, the muscle cells adjacent to the capillary take up the oxygen for use by the mitochondria Consequently, little oxygen diffuses all the way through o...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22