Introduction to GPS the global positioning system

... II-2 13 B-3 Cs II- 21 39 A -1 II-4 19 19 A-5 Cs II-22 35 B-4 Cs II-5 17 17 D-3 Cs II-23 34 D-4 Rb II-8 21 21 E-2 Cs II-24 36 C -1 Cs II-9 15 15 D-5 Cs II-25 33 C-2 Cs II -1 0 23 23 E-5 Cs II-26 40 10 ... · 12 9 13 1 13 2 13 3 13 4 13 5 13 8 13 9 14 0 14 2 14 4 14 6 14 7 14 9 15 0 15 1 Contents xi 11 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 15 5 11 .1 11. 2 11 .3 1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... and L2, and the navigation message) However, after the AS activation, the P-code was encrypted to Y-code This means that the receiver cannot output either the P-code or the L2 carrier using the ... its unique 1-week segment of the P-code For example, a GPS satellite with an ID of PRN 20 refers to a GPS satellite that is assigned the twentieth-week segment of the P...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... circles Figure 3. 8 shows the sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001, which was 33 0 N 30 30 0 60 W 270 90 E 120 240 210 150 180 S Figure 3. 8 GPS sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001 GPS Errors and ... precision of the GPS positioning at the one-sigma (1-s) level To obtain the precision at the 2-s level, sometimes referred to as approximately 95% of the time, w...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... version at the time of this writing is the ITRF2000 52 Introduction to GPS 4. 2.2 The WGS 84 and NAD 83 systems The World Geodetic System of 19 84 (WGS 84) is a 3-D, Earth-centered reference system ... from the definition of the x and z axes that the xz-plane contains the mean Greenwich meridian The y-axis is selected to make the coordinate system right-h...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... static surveying, the probability of getting a fixed solution is higher with the latter 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying Stop-and-go surveying is another carrier-phase-based relative positioning technique ... (i.e., within up to 10– 15 km) of a known point 76 Introduction to GPS Base (fixed) Rover (moving) Figure 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying The survey starts by first...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... initialization, the rover receiver can move to the points to be surveyed With this method, the receiver uses the ambiguity parameters determined during the initialization to solve for the coordinates of the ... would be enough for the receiver initialization 6. 2 On -the- fly ambiguity resolution On -the- fly (OTF) ambiguity resolution is an advanced technique developed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... real-time DGPS corrections of their WADGPS system [6] The system is based on using the already existing FM radio broadcasts to deliver the DGPS corrections to local users (Figure 7. 4) That is, the ... cost-effective To be useful, the MSK receiver should be interfaced to a differential-ready GPS receiver, which would then output the corrected station coordinates 7....

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... 21 783 .012543 13.11 988 1 P 29 -1 49 38. 5720 48 -3 401.344352 -2 1449 .87 3237 495.675550 P 30 -1 3949. 689 805 -1 87 38. 175431 -1 287 2.779392 -1 3. 581 379 P 31 -6 009. 989 874 241 08. 310257 86 65.94 384 3 37.012 988 * ... 700.699352 P -3 512 .82 7227 -1 7951.46 187 1 -1 9334.4 082 01 292.906571 P -5 935.494799 -2 4254.527474 88 89.371 588 -0...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... geometry The number and locations of the pseudolites can be GPS GPS Figure 9. 3 GPS/ pseudolite integration GPS Pseudolite GPS 124 Introduction to GPS optimized to ensure the best performance of the system ... Figure 9. 2 GPS/ LRF integration 1 19 120 Introduction to GPS provided that the real-time DGPS corrections can be received Once the processing is...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... monitoring bridge deformation As the GPS data collection rate is currently limited to 10 Hz, an INS system may supplement the GPS system, in some cases, to monitor the high-frequency portion of the ... orientation of the drill The designed drill patterns are sent to the onboard computer via radio link, and are then used by the integrated system to GPS Appl...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... for the P-code and the C/A-code are 5 .11 and 0. 511 Mbps, respectively The GLONASS navigation message is a 50-bps data stream, which provides, among other things, the satellite ephemeris and the ... uses the WGS 84 system, while GLONASS uses the Earth Parameter System 1990 (PZ-90) system The two systems differ by as much as 20m on the Earth’s surface The transforma...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... System (GNSS-1), 157 Global Positioning System See GPS GLONASS satellite system, 155–57 defined, 155 Earth Parameter System 1990, 156 GLONASS-M, 156 172 Introduction to GPS GLONASS satellite system ... [1] The corresponding probability level of the 2drms varies from 95.4% to 98.2% depending on the relative values of the errors in the easting and northing compo...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... locations of the GPS satellites as seen by the receiver(s), plays a very important role in the total positioning accuracy [5] The better the satellite geometry strength, the better the obtained positioning ... separation between the two receivers, the more similar the errors and biases Therefore, if we take the difference between the measurements collected at these...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... Institutions 9-13 14-16 Actions Against Abuse of the Global Financial System (Report from G7 Finance Ministers to the Heads of State and Government) A Challenges and Our Approach Financial crime is ... in today’s open and global financial world, which is characterized by the high mobility of funds and the rapid development of new payment...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20