Introduction to Data Compression

... expect It’s up to you, as a developer, to decide how you expect them to occur and to use transactions to meet your goals CHAPTER ■ INTRODUCTION TO DATA ACCESS • Network connections to database systems ... important to fix These categories apply whenever you write data- access code To our knowledge, all data- access tools available today can be affected by any of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 04:20

... organizations A close relative of data encryption is the field of data hiding (steganography) A data file A (a payload) that consists of bits may be hidden in a larger data file B (a cover) by taking ... and in an audio file, a string of audio samples may also appear repeatedly A dictionary-based method maintains a dictionary that contains bits and pieces of the data As...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... 1|010 a2 a2 1|011 a2 1|100 a5 1|101 a4 1|110 a3 a1 1|111 a3 0 T2 11|000 11|001 11|010 11|011 11|100 11|101 11|110 11|111 = 11 a5 a1 a5 a4 a1 a4 a3 a1 a1 a3 a1 a3 a2 a3 1 T3 = 110 110|000 a5 a1 a1 ... a1 45 0.6 a2 345 a2 0.2 a4 0.1 a2 0.2 a3 0.2 a3 45 a2 3 1.0 0.4 0.4 a4 0.1 a4 5 a5 0.1 0.6 a3 0.2 1 a4 5 0.2 a5 0.1 (a) 0.2 (b) Figure 2.1: Huffman Codes sma...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... a| bbaabbaabaabaaaa 0 0 0 The next three steps hash the strings bba, baa, and aab to, say, 1, 5, and The encoder outputs the three raw symbols b, b, and a, moves the separator, and updates the hash ... 10) They are bba, baa, aab, aba, and baa They hash to 1, 5, 0, 3, and (we arbitrarily assume that aba hashes to 3) Cell of the hash table is set to 9, and cells 0, 1, and become the st...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... scale of analysis is said to become smaller and smaller A large-scale analysis illustrates the global behavior of the signal, while each small-scale analysis illuminates the way the signal behaves ... that in a continuous-tone image, adjacent data units of pixels are normally correlated in the sense that the average values of the pixels in adjacent data units are close We already kn...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... —Tom Clancy, Clear and Present Danger Chapter Summary Images are an important type of digital multimedia data Images are popular, they are easy to create (by a digital camera, scanning a document, ... (5.11) Instead of calculating averages and differences, all we have to is construct matrices A1 , A2 , and A3 , multiply them to get W = A1 A2 A3 , and apply W to all the colu...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... (a) , (b), (ab), (aba), (ba), (bab), (abab), (ababa), (baba), and adds the new entries (3: ab), (4: ba), (5: aba), (6: abab), (7: bab), (8: baba), (9: ababa), (10: ababab), (11: babab), to ... source, such as sampled sound and scanned images (drawings or photographs) Such data is called digitally sampled analog data (DSAD) (See also Scalar Quantization.) Voronoi Diagrams Imagine a pet...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... string aaa to the dictionary as entry 257 and outputs 256 (aa) I is initialized to the fourth a Continuing this process is straightforward The result is that strings aa, aaa, aaaa, are added to ... (baba), and adds the new entries (3: ab), (4: ba), (5: aba), (6: abab), (7: bab), (8: baba), (9: ababa), (10: ababab), (11: babab), to the dictionary This regular behavior can be analyzed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 15:15

... 24 Module 1: Introduction to Data Warehousing and OLAP # Understanding OLAP Models Topic Objective To introduce OLAP models Lead-in Now we will discuss OLAP models and their components ! OLAP Database ... ONLY Module 1: Introduction to Data Warehousing and OLAP Overview Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 19:15

... PURPOSES ONLY Module 17: Introduction to Data Mining 13 # Building a Data Mining Model with OLAP Data Topic Objective To describe the steps used to build a data mining model with OLAP data Lead-in ... PURPOSES ONLY Module 17: Introduction to Data Mining Overview Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives ! Introducing...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 19:20

... better, customized services for an edge (e.g in Customer Relationship Management) © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Why Mine Data? Scientific Viewpoint Data collected and stored at ... the data is never analyzed at all 4,000,000 3,500,000 The Data Gap 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1, 500,000 Total new disk (TB) since 19 95 1, 000,000 Number of analysts 500...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... p2 p3 p4 p1 p3 p4 p2 0 y 1 p1 p1 p2 p3 p4 x 2. 828 3.1 62 5.099 p2 2. 828 1.414 3.1 62 p3 3.1 62 1.414 p4 5.099 3.1 62 Distance Matrix © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 50 Minkowski ... Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 42 Mapping Data to a New Space Fourier transform Wavelet transform Two Sine Waves © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Two Sine Wa...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... object Introduction to Data Mining separate face becomes a Star Plots for Iris Data Setosa Versicolour Virginica © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 29 Chernoff Faces for Iris Data ... Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 35 OLAP Operations: Data Cube The key operation of a OLAP is the formation of a data cube A data cube is a...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... same data! 10 © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Decision Tree Classification Task Decision Tree © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining Apply Model to Test Data Test Data ... P(C2) = 4/ 6 Error = – max (2/6, 4/ 6) = – 4/ 6 = 1/3 Introduction to Data Mining 43 Comparison among Splitting Criteria For a 2-class problem: © Tan...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... Compressed data can only be understood if the decoding method is known by the receiver ?Why Data Compression • Data storage and transmission cost money This cost increases with the amount of data ... design of data compression schemes therefore involve trade-offs between various factors, including the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (if using a lossy...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2015, 17:09