Global collective action a structural perspective on energy and climate cooperation

... International Energy Agency International Energy Forum Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Relations International Renewable Energy Agency Million tons of Carbon Dioxide North Atlantic ... current research and extrapolates on the future directions of the energy and climate regime 35 International Cooperation and National Political Economy: The State...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:17

... organizational decision making 3 Model A central idea of performance feedback theory is that decision makers use an aspiration level to evaluate organizational performance along an organizational ... of simulation studies on how aspiration-level learning contributes to organizational adaptation Finally I discuss how organizational goal variables are chosen 39 40 Organizational Learning f...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... respond 3.3 Aspiration levels and adaptation Is it helpful or harmful for organizations that managers use performance feedback and aspiration levels to manage change? As noted earlier, historical ... Historical aspiration levels track the actual performance of the organization, and thus may let the aspiration level lose alignment with what is actually achievable in a given 66 Organiza...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... imitation and technology-based competition that reorganize an industry (Tushman and Anderson 1986) Innovations are thus important for the focal organization and for society at large Because innovations ... that innovations are opposed to the organizational requirements of stability and legitimacy, and advocates organizational mechanisms for protecting and promoting innovations (Do...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... organizational change that many managers hesitate to make We can study the acquisition of assets by pursuing the usual idea that performance below the aspiration level causes organizational change and managerial ... preceding ones have shown that performance feedback affects a variety of consequential organizational behaviors Risk taking, research and development, innovations, and ass...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... advertising rates, targeted advertisers, and format changes Because radio broadcasting has many local markets, there is cross-sectional variation in social aspiration levels Because data are available ... estimates of historical aspiration levels Audience share estimates are a goal variable viewed as important by all radio station managers and sufficiently public that data are easy to co...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... cases: a manager who is fully rational and acting in the organization’s interest, and a manager who is boundedly rational and selfish The answer is that the former case seems unproblematic, and ... theories A recent and growing tradition in managerial cognition has drawn ideas from work on organizational enactment and individual cognition to explain how managers categorize...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Prentice-Hall 1995 Institutions and Organizations Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Scott, W Richard and John W Meyer 1983 “The organization of societal sectors.” Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality, ... “Understanding escalation situations: antecedents, prototypes, and solutions.” Research in Organizational Behavior, 9: 39–78 Staw, Barry M., Lance E Sandelands, and Jane E Dut...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... response to the changes, and about the process for municipal decisionmaking;  discover what provincial and local actions are taking place in response to the changes;  have a chance to say what ... assistance than other municipality in the region, with 8.5% of local residents relying on social assistance compared to a provincial average of 6.9% One of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:20

... 36 Print Management at “Mega-Scale”: A Regional Perspective on Print Book Collections in North America Median age of the print book publications in regional collections is also strongly correlated ... Print Management at “Mega-Scale”: A Regional Perspective on Print Book Collections in North America increasing range of digi...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... A consumer perspective on food labelling: ethical or not? ANON 2004 Encouraging consumer use of food label information needs innovative approaches Cardiovascular week: 146, 15 Nov BALASUBRAMANIAN, ... perspective on food labelling: ethical or not? lations based on the NLEA developed standards for all health and nutrition claims for foods (Silverglade, 199...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 18:33

... Balasubramaniam S: Shotgun wound ballistics J Trauma 1988, 28:624-631 Byers M, Ryan JM, Mahoney PF: How Guns Work In Balistic Trauma Edited by: Mahoney PF, Ryan JM, Brooks AJ, Schwab CW London: ... Cite this article as: Lichte et al., A civilian perspective on ballistic trauma and gunshot injuries Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2010...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... 100 Average taxonomic distribution Figure Taxonomic distribution of amino acid biosynthesis Taxonomic distribution of amino acid biosynthesis Conservation of amino acid biosynthesis from the E ... steps are catalyzed by enzymes widely distributed in Bacteria and some Eukarya, but absent in Archaea A recent report suggesting a novel pathway for the biosynthesi...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... that the majority of nodes show a low degree of connectivity and the topology of the network is dominated by a small fraction of highly connected nodes Another property of metabolic networks is their ... At one extreme, when all the enzymes of pA have homologs in pB, the evolutionary distance converges on In contrast, when the two pathways share no homologs the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22