adb-guidelines for the economic analysis of projects
adb-guidelines for the economic analysis of projects
... ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS 1 GUIDELINES FOR THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS I. INTRODUCTION 1. These guidelines provide a general approach for the economic analysis of projects for application ... investment. The analysis of investment operations and the analysis of policy-based alternatives can flow from the application of the same for...
Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2014, 15:20
PRINCIPLES FOR THE RISK ANALYSIS OF FOODS DERIVED FROM MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
... recognised that there are other applications of product tracing. These applications should be consistent with the provisions of the SPS and TBT Agreements. The application of product tracing to the areas ... scientific knowledge and other information relevant to risk analysis. 30. Recognizing the rapid pace of development in the field of biotechnology, the approach...
Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:56
Báo cáo khoa học: "INIGATION OF PROCESSING STRATEGIES FOR THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ARGOMF" pdf
... evidence for a brother or uncle of L - these nodes are closed off, as only the last brother of any particular level is open for further expansion. To determine the appropriateness of this algorithm ... whether one is evidence for the other. With this "accepted" authority, a representation for the argument can be built as the analysis proceeds. (The...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_1 pdf
... distribution of bequests that become initial endowments of a subsequent generation. Thus, analysis of the long-term effects of changes in longevity has to focus on the (ergodic) evolution of the distribution of ... by individuals, that is, to a certain direction of the behavioral effect. For example, the common use of life expectancy as the explanatory variable...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_2 pdf
... description of the motivation for and the stipulations of these annuities from a textbook for actuaries: These are usually effected to avoid the disappointment that is often felt in the event of the ... follow the standard assumption that the sign of the price of each good changes in the opposite direction to the sign of profits from sales of this good. T...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_3 pdf
... survival function, the purchase or sale of a long-term annuity is equivalent to a sequence of purchases or sales of short-term annuities. However, upon the arrival of information on and the differentiation ... On the other hand, long-term annuities purchased prior to the arrival of risk-class information yield a predetermined flow of returns which, in equilibrium, reflect...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_4 potx
... owners. The other risk class experiences a loss for the opposite reason. Another important implication of the fact that in equilibrium con- sumption is independent of the state of nature is the following. ... probabilities. The reason for this inefficiency is that individuals disregard the effect of their actions on the equilibrium rate of return on annuities. Th...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_6 docx
... the availability of assets that provide satisfactory coverage for the obligations of these firms. In both countries, there is a high degree of concentration of annuity providers (Prudential, for ... The cause of the inefficiency is that individuals disregard the effect of their actions on the equilibrium rate of return on annuities. Essentially, these distortions a...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_7 doc
... addition to longevity risk. Further, to respond to the desire of individuals for flexibility, the model should allow for short sales of annuities purchased early or the purchase of additional short-term ... = ˆ q r 0 − r), these two schemes are equivalent. In addition to the above discussion about the advantages of the flexi- bility offered by holding a portfolio of op...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20
Sample chapter for the economic theory of annuities_8 potx
... on the economics of incomplete information. Quarterly Journal of Economics 90: 624–649. Salanie, B. 2000. Microeconomics of Market Failure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Salanie, B. 2003. The Economics ... 1994. Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Yaari, M. 1965. Uncertain lifetime, life insurance and the th...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 09:20