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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... 169NACA. See National AdvisoryCommittee for AeronauticsNAS. See National Advanced SystemsNASA (National Aeronautics andSpace Administration). See alsoNational Advisory Committee forAeronautics440 ... originated with Donald Davies of theNational Physical Laboratory in the U.K. See Martin Campbell-Kelly, ‘‘DataCommunications at the National Physical Laboratory (1965–1975),’’ Annals of the History ... 30Atomic Energy of Canada, 128–129AUTOCODE programming language,113Automatic Data Processing (ADP), 168Automatic payrolls, 168Automatic programming. SeeCompilersAutomatic teller machine...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access to large amounts of data. IBM had pioneered the use of disk storage with RAMAC ... played a crucial role by providing a market. The ‘‘advanced’’ Minuteman was a brand-new missile wrapped around an existing airframe. Autonetics, thedivision of North American Aviation that had ... a single printed circuit board about 15 inches square.This board was larger than what was standard at the time and made for a very compact package.In mid-1971 the company introduced an advanced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came close toWYSIWYG. A year ... poor quality software thatwasted more company time than it saved. The ‘‘personal’’ in the PCmeant also that a worker’s choices of software, based on personalsatisfaction, did not always mesh...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... information-handlingmachines, played. Information or ‘‘intelligence’’ has been a crucialpart of all warfare, but as a means to an end. In the Cold War itbecame an end in itself. This was a war of code-breaking, ... Eckert and Mauchly designed and builtthe ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of ElectricalEngineering. The ENIAC was an electronic calculator that inauguratedthe era of digital ... had a late start in computing, never producing vacuum tube computers at all. Japanese firms maderemarkable advances in integrated circuit production, however, and hadestablished a solid place...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 1956–1964 71quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... penetration of computing two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 1963, Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... in chapter 7.Sorting DataRegardless of what level of programming language they used, allcommercial and many scientific installations had to contend with anactivity that was intimately related ... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 501. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... commit-tee had to argue that the advantages of having a path for upwardmigration for 360-customers would overwhelm any advantages of a competitor’s shot at a particular model.At the highest end ... on modern personal computers, than like the archival storage style of mainframetape drives.66The physical packaging of the PDP-8, a factor that mattered less forlarge systems, played a key ... didnot say anything about a series of machines or computers having a range of power.The idea was kept alive in later activity at Manchester, where JohnFairclough, a member of the SPREAD Committee,...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... was writing BASIC for the Altair, Gates was at Harvard. Hedid not have access to an 8080-based system, but he did have access to a PDP -10 at Harvard’s computing center (named after Howard Aiken).He ... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 1970 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits.28They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... projects hadthe impact of the Altair’s announcement. Why? One reason was that itwas designed and promoted as a capable minicomputer, as powerful asthose offered by DEC or Data General. The magazine...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... help of others at NCSA, Mosaic was rewritten to run onWindows-based machines and Macintoshes as well as workstations. As a product of a government-funded laboratory, Mosaic was made availablefree ... it took large teams of people to create in thecommercial or academic world.As important as that programming was, just as important was the legalagreement Stallman crafted to guarantee the ... widespreadadoption established a de facto standard for the C programminglanguage—that is, a standard C was defined as a language that theGNU C Compiler understood. And it was free. Ver y free.Stallman’s...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... collections. A Bowmar waseven mentioned in the hit Broadway play ‘‘Same Time Next Year,’’ which wasabout an accountant’s once -a- year affair with a woman. The accountant (playedby Alan Alda in the ... the last time these words are spoken. But promises of a technologicalUtopia have been common in American history, and at least a fewchampions of the Internet are aware of how naive these earlier ... for example, advertisements in Datamation from that period. A Digitalspokesperson called the PDP-6 ‘‘the first of what might be called a ‘personal’mainframe.’’ Jamie Pearson, Digital at Work...
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