a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... only a chip supplier. 29. National Museum of American History, calculator collections. A Bowmar waseven mentioned in the hit Broadway play ‘‘Same Time Next Year,’’ which wasabout an accountant’s ... accountant’s once -a- year affair with a woman. The accountant (playedby Alan Alda in the movie version) used the Bowmar to keep track of the affair.30. Electronics (April 17, 198 0): 397 – 398 ; also ‘‘Microelectronics ... allcapitals. 91 . William Aspray and Bernard O. Williams, ‘‘Arming American Scientists: NSFand the Provision of Scientific Computing Facilities for Universities, 195 0– 197 3,’’Annals of the History of...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... 7 090 series gave theequivalent of ten decimal digits. That was adequate for most applica-tions, but many assumed that customers would not want a machine thatcould not handle at least that many.Minicomputers ... controlled, managed, and channeled the chaos of technical innovation into market dominance. Central to smooth opera-tions at IBM was a character from a best-seller from that era, TheOrganization Man, ... symbolic of the passing of an age.The era of the minicomputer came to an end, but only after it hadtransformed computing. From Mainframe to Minicomputer, 195 9– 196 9 1 39 class. Its basic core...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... original ARPANET). By January 199 3Andreessen and Bina had written an early version of a browser theywould later call Mosaic, and they released a version of it over theInternet.50Mosaic married ... help of others at NCSA, Mosaic was rewritten to run onWindows-based machines and Macintoshes as well as workstations. As a product of a government-funded laboratory, Mosaic was made availablefree ... was a suit filed in 198 7 by Lotus against a company called Paperback Software, establishedby Adam Osborne of portable computer fame. Paperback was selling a spreadsheet that functioned identically...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... 194 5– 195 6 132 Computing Comes of Age, 195 6– 196 4 473The Early History of Software, 195 2– 196 8 79 4From Mainframe to Minicomputer, 195 9– 196 9 1 09 5The ‘‘Go-Go’’ Years and the System/360, 196 1– 197 5 1436The ... programmers, and soft-ware specialists that had to be hired into the company to manage a machine that was supposed to eliminate clerical workers. It was not until 199 0 that commercial software came to ... information-handlingmachines, played. Information or ‘‘intelligence’’ has been a crucialpart of all warfare, but as a means to an end. In the Cold War itbecame an end in itself. This was a war of code-breaking,...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 195 6– 196 4 71quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases maintained by ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 196 3, Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 501. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced ... but that humans could read and understand). With COBOL, 92 Chapter 3Graham, and Bruce Arden. MAD was based on ALGOL, but unlikeALGOL it took care of the details of running a job in ways that few...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... later). Forlarge and small systems, time-sharing became an acceptable andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access ... a single printed circuit board about 15 inches square.This board was larger than what was standard at the time and made for a very compact package.In mid- 197 1 the company introduced an advanced ... Wesley Graham, it was teaching computing to more undergraduates than almost any other school inCanada. In 196 7 it apparently also owned the most powerful computerin all of Canada (a System/360...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 197 0 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits.28They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... continuousdiscussions of the advantages and drawbacks of each—the one machinehaving the ability to evaluate complex mathematical expressions withease, the other more primitive but potentially capable of doing all ... projects hadthe impact of the Altair’s announcement. Why? One reason was that itwas designed and promoted as a capable minicomputer, as powerful asthose offered by DEC or Data General. The magazine...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... theInternet out of its ARPA roots in the 199 0s.Bell Laboratories, where UNIX was created, was a part of AT&T, a regulated monopoly. Before it breakup in 198 1, AT&T had agreed not toengage in ... A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came close toWYSIWYG. A year...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... originated with Donald Davies of theNational Physical Laboratory in the U.K. See Martin Campbell-Kelly, ‘‘DataCommunications at the National Physical Laboratory ( 196 5– 197 5),’’ Annals of the History ... delete allunnecessary spaces from your program.’’ (MITS Altair BASIC Reference Manual,56; National Museum of American History, Altair Curatorial File.) 91 . Manes and Andrews, Gates, chapters 2 and ... 285Multiprogramming, 100Murto, Bill, 277Mythical Man-Month, The, 101, 1 69 NACA. See National AdvisoryCommittee for AeronauticsNAS. See National Advanced SystemsNASA (National Aeronautics andSpace Administration)....
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