a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 3 doc
... the Navy ordered Grace Murray Hopper to theComputation Lab to assist Howard Aiken with programming it.Hopper had been a professor of mathematics at Vassar College andhad taken leave to attend ... in chapter 7.Sorting DataRegardless of what level of programming language they used, allcommercial and many scientific installations had to contend with anactivity that was intimately related ... same program (with a few minor changes)ran on a UNIVAC II and an RCA 501. Whether COBOL was welldesigned and capable is still a matter of debate, however.Part of COBOL’s ancestry can be traced...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 1 docx
... getting warmaterials and men across the Atlantic. Following the War, the newlycreated Air Force was faced with a mathematically similar problem inmaintaining and supplying air bases scattered across ... especially those aspects of it that have remained stablethrough the past half-century of computer design.Aside from the internal storage of programs, a major characteristic of a von Neumann computer ... Neumann who clarified itand stated it in a form that gave it great force. Von Neumann’sinternational reputation as a mathematician also gave the idea moreclout than it might have had coming solely...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 2 pdf
... carried Computing Comes of Age, 1956–1964 71quality of ‘‘random access’’: that any piece of data was as accessible asany other, in contrast to the sequential retrieval of a datum from a deck of ... penetration of computing two decades later, inthe form of automatic teller machines, bar-coded products scanned atsupermarket and retail check-out stations, and massive financial andpersonal databases ... editorial hand of Santo (Sandi) Lanzarotta, and especiallyRobert Forest after 19 63, Datamation developed a perfect balance:relentless criticism of IBM for its alleged heavy hand, tempered by a passion...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 4 ppsx
... commit-tee had to argue that the advantages of having a path for upwardmigration for 36 0-customers would overwhelm any advantages of a competitor’s shot at a particular model.At the highest end ... of cards to the campus IBMmainframe. Among its most famous applications was as a controller forthe Tech Model Railroad Club’s layout.57Clearly the economics of mainframe computer usage, as ... RCA, GeneralElectric, and NCR. (AT&T also manufactured computers, but as a regulated monopoly its figures are not comparable here.)2With the partial exception of Control Data, all the above...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 5 potx
... andeconomical way of using a computer. A key factor was the development of disk storage that offered rapidand direct access to large amounts of data. IBM had pioneered the use of disk storage with RAMAC ... played a crucial role by providing a market. The ‘‘advanced’’ Minuteman was a brand-new missile wrapped around an existing airframe. Autonetics, thedivision of North American Aviation that had ... Wesley Graham, it was teaching computing to more undergraduates than almost any other school inCanada. In 1967 it apparently also owned the most powerful computerin all of Canada (a System /36 0 Model...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 6 pdf
... from a company that madeoscilloscopes.By 1970 the first of a line of dramatically cheaper and smallercalculators appeared that used integrated circuits.28They were aboutthe size of a paperback ... was writing BASIC for the Altair, Gates was at Harvard. Hedid not have access to an 8080-based system, but he did have access to a PDP-10 at Harvard’s computing center (named after Howard Aiken).He ... projects hadthe impact of the Altair’s announcement. Why? One reason was that itwas designed and promoted as a capable minicomputer, as powerful asthose offered by DEC or Data General. The magazine...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 7 potx
... formal andserious than those on Usenet, although they also had a wide range. Afterabout a decade and a half of parallel operations, all three of thesestreams blended into a community of news, ... A few programs were announced at thesame time: a ‘‘paint’’ (drawing) program, based on work done at Xerox-PARC on a Data General Nova, and a word processor that came close toWYSIWYG. A year ... poor quality software thatwasted more company time than it saved. The ‘‘personal’’ in the PCmeant also that a worker’s choices of software, based on personalsatisfaction, did not always mesh...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 8 pps
... help of others at NCSA, Mosaic was rewritten to run onWindows-based machines and Macintoshes as well as workstations. As a product of a government-funded laboratory, Mosaic was made availablefree ... didintroduce a phrase that would figure in later trials. This was a suit filed in1987 by Lotus against a company called Paperback Software, establishedby Adam Osborne of portable computer fame. Paperback ... original ARPANET). By January 19 93 Andreessen and Bina had written an early version of a browser theywould later call Mosaic, and they released a version of it over theInternet.50Mosaic married...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 9 pps
... Development of PASCAL,’’ ACMSigplan Notices 28: 3 (March 19 93) : 33 3 34 2.Notes to Pages 104–107 37 187. Paul Cress, Paul Dirkson, and J. Wesley Graham, Fortran IV with WATFOR andWATFIV (Englewood ... accountant’s once -a- year affair with a woman. The accountant (playedby Alan Alda in the movie version) used the Bowmar to keep track of the affair. 30 . Electronics (April 17, 1980): 39 7 39 8; also ‘‘Microelectronics ... only a chip supplier.29. National Museum of American History, calculator collections. A Bowmar waseven mentioned in the hit Broadway play ‘‘Same Time Next Year,’’ which wasabout an accountant’s...
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a history of modern computing 2nd edition phần 10 potx
... 156, 249–250American Management Systems(AMS), 168American Totalisator Company, 26Anderson, Harlan, 127Andreessen, Marc, 30 3APL (A Programming Language), 233 , 235 , 248Apollo Guidance Computer, ... programming language, 94,98ALGOL-68 programming language,101, 106–107Algorithm, 1 03 Allen, Paul, 233 – 235 , 237 ALOHAnet, 2 93 Altair 8800 computer, 225– 231 Amdahl Corporation, 164Amdahl, Gene, ... 169NACA. See National AdvisoryCommittee for AeronauticsNAS. See National Advanced SystemsNASA (National Aeronautics andSpace Administration). See alsoNational Advisory Committee forAeronautics440...
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