Báo cáo sinh học: "Estimating genetic diversity across the neutral genome with the use of dense marker maps" pot

... Distribution of the estimated genetic diversity across the simulated genome. (a) True genetic diversity calculated by expect- ed heterozygosity for the ungenotyped marker loci within the marker interval ... for the genetic diversity estima- tion (ungenotyped marker) (Figure 1). In the next marker interval, this middle ungenotyped marker became the flank...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... observations of the same sex with individuals 2 and 3, the offspring of individual 1, and individuals 4 and 5, the offspring of individual 2. There is 1 fixed effect with 2 ... is used to indicate if the next pivot (T t) is in the first set of rows (K t = 1) or in the second set of rows (K t = 2). Within the two sets o...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... diversity in mtDNA do not give us an unbiased picture of the effective size of avian populations, the use of mtDNA as a genetic marker is still warranted for other purposes, such as studies of ... Hans.Ellegren@ebc.uu.se Students of population genetics learn from their textbooks that levels of genetic diversity are determined by the rate of mutation (the numbe...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:20

... but require the addition of exogenous IL-2, l ikely due to the inability to TILs to produce their own IL-2 when s timulated with or with or without CD28 costimulation. The level of TIL expansion ... [13,15]. We therefore evaluated the contri- bution of CD28 in the expansion of TILs and PBLs col- lected from the same patient with ovarian cancer. In paired comparison,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... characteristics, needs further investigation. The limitations of the study are that firstly, we do not know the exact time of infection for these subjects. Therefore stratification of study subjects ... represent the diversity of viral quasi-species. Several indicators of evolutionary forces were used to elucidate putative diff erences between the groups including hetero...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... models. The DR model has 2n-3 free parameters, the SR model has n-1, and the SRDT model has n-2 (a tree of n tips). In the LRT of the fit of the SR and SRDT models compared with the DR, if the ... (with likelihood L 0 ) were compared to that of the DR model (with likelihood L 1 ) in a likelihood ratio test (LRT) [14] of the fit of the model. The test...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... really two types of snake-like squamates. One is the long-tailed surface dweller, in which much of the overall body length is tail, and which often lives in dense grass. The other is the short- tailed ... reconstructed the phylogeny of the pivotal skink genus Lerista, sampling 79% of the 91 described species [12]. They also reconstructed digit numbers (but not body for...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... while other areas of statistics are often content with modelling within-subject covariances only. Fitting a set of additive genetic RR coefficients provides estimates of genetic merit for the whole ... (21) [31]. For s > 1, the functional relationship with the elements of the first s sub- diagonals is more complicated. In that case, a parameterisation in terms of t...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... does not increase the dimension of search. It is useful to think of a composite matrix of yi and y2, of the form Y! _ [yi Y2] with so that the vector of observations ... calculation of the second differentials of the likelihood and inversion of a matrix of order 2m for each - iteration. If the 2 residual variances are hom...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... each of the additive genetic effects, each of the dominance effects and each of the imprinting effects for the tri-and quadriallelic models. The estimates of the parameters under the null hypotheses can ... χ 2 -distributed with the degree of freedom equal to the difference of the numbers of the parameters being tested under the null and alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:20