... target-company), 68Risk, 14, 18and interest rates, 120macroenvironmental, 36management of, 97–1 04 measurement of, 19Monte Carlo simulation for managing, 99–100real option analysis for managing,100–1 04 specific ... to appraise Cardinal.Summary and Conclusion of Stand-Alone Fair Market Value The results of the valuation procedures employed to computethe fair market value of Cardinal’s equity are summarized ... of M& amp;As, 48 –50Fair market value, 4 6investment value vs., 6–7, 196–197stand-alone, 50strategic value vs., 92Family businesses, 172FDA, see U.S. Food and DrugAdministrationFinancial...