Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 4 pdf
Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 4 pdf
... Intersaence, New York. 1 948 . 3. J I), Ferry. Viscoelastic properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Wiley. New York, 1980. 4. I , n, Nielsen. Mechanical Properties of Polymers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New ... points of many common polymers. More complete tables of melting points and heats of fusions may be found in Refs. 4, 38, 140 , and 141 . Chemical structure factors affect the melting point and ... behavior of polymers, and since these factors can be varied over a wide range, the mechani-cal properties of crystalline polymers take on a bewildering array of possibilities. The nature of the mechanical...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 1 doc
... bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8 247 -89 64- 41. Polymers Mechanical properties. 2. Polymeric composites— Mechanical properties. I. Landel. Robert F. II. Title.III. Series: Mechanical engineering ... all of the major mechanical properties of polymers: l_ Molecular weight 2. Cross-linking and branching 3. Crystallinity and crystal morphology 4. Copolymerization (random, block, and ... Strength of Fiber-Filled Composites 47 1A. Uniaxialty oriented fibers :i 47 2B. Strength of randomly oriented fibercomposites and laminates 47 9IV. Other Properties 4S3A. Creep ; 48 3B. Fatigue...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 2 pot
... bewildering number of mechanical tests and testing instru-ments. Most of these tests are very specialized and have not been officially recognized as standardized tests. Some of these tests, however, ... variety of units are used in reporting values of mechanical tests. Stresses, moduli of elasticity, and other properties are given in such units as MK.S (SI), cgs, and English units. A table of ... transitions and secondary transitions in polymers as well as the morphology of crystalline polymers. Dynamic mechanical results are generally given in terms of complex moduli or compliances (3 ,4) ,...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 3 potx
... coefficient of expansion above Ts and agiis the coefficient below Tg for many polymers\ aA= 4. 8 x 10 4 K^-1. The Tg Mechanical Tests and Polymer Transitions 17 ambiguous and soundest ... unsymmetrical polymers. Thus syndiotactic and isoitactic poly( methyl methacrylate) have Tg values of 115 and 45 C respectively. The flexibility and cohesive energy density or polarity of each ... value of Tg for infinite molecular weight, in the 22 Chapter 1 value of plnsticized polymers is then given by (51.96)' Equation ( 4 1 ) becomes equation (38) if K = 1. and it is often...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 5 doc
... all directions. Unoriented amorphous polymers and annealed glasses are examples of such materials. They haveonly one of each of the three kinds of moduli, and since the moduli areinterrelated, ... exactly 90° out of phase with the strain. Sincethe in-phase component is exactly analogous to thaj of a spring, and theout -of- phase component to that of a viscous response, the ratio of theFigure ... related to bulk moduli (41 -44 ).B. Young's and Shear Moduli from VibrationFrequenciesFree VibrationsThe natural vibration frequency of plastic bars or specimens of variousshapes can be...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 6 doc
... the normally rubbery 44 Chapter 2detailed comparisons of the responses of a set of polymers (7,16, 54- 56).These frequency/time response curves serve to delineate the effects of changes in backbone ... type of polymer or copolymer),molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, degree of cross-linking, and of Plasticization. For two-phase and multiphase systems such as semi-crystalline polymers ... the effects of the operational vari-ables temperature and frequency and of changes in the nature of the pol-ymer is closely tied ty) TK and £(,A,, which set the location of the transitionzone...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 7 pdf
... effect of any change in £()jrCopolymers and plasticized materials often show another effect—abroadening of the transition region with a decrease in the slope of themodulus curve in the region of ... plateau.Plasticizers and Copolymerization also shift the glass transition responses of the amorphous phase of crystalline polymers. In addition, the degree of Crystallinity and melting point are ... detail in laterchapters.E. Block and Graft Polymers and PolyblendsIn a few cases mixtures of two polymers are soluble in one another, wherethere is a close match of the solubility parameters or...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 8 docx
... However, the molecular theories of Viscoelasticity of polymers as 64 Chapter 3especially if electronic or optical strain gages are used properly to measurethe longitudinal and lateral strain. Unfortunately, ... used.When the stresses and strains become large and the stress-strain curvebecomes nonlinear, simple descriptions of the response and interconversionsbetween creep and relaxation become increasingly ... unit, which consists of a Hookean spring and a Newtonian dashpot in series as shown in theinsert in Figure 1. The modulus or stiffness of the spring is E, and theviscosity of the dashpot is r\....
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 9 doc
... of pounds per square inch and is in seconds.Doubling the load after 40 0 s gives a total creep that is the superposition of the original creep curve shifted by 40 0 s on top of the extension of ... amorphous polymers isor. less accurately, using the average value of Au from many polymers, of 4. S x H) ' K \is the difference between the liquid and glassy volumetric expansioncoefficients and ... WLF(Williams, Landel, and Ferry) equation, which describes the effect of tem-perature on the time scale of the response.The Boltzmann superposition principle states that the response of amaterial...
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Mechanical properties of polymers and composites-Nielsen Episode 10 ppsx
... nitrogen.Annealing can reduce the creep of crystalline polymers in the samemanner as for glassy polymers (89, 94, 102). For example, the properties of a quenched specimen of low-density polyethylene will ... independence of strain and time,for SBR (up to very large strains) and a polyurethanc rubber, llavsky and Prins (60) and co-workers have presented similar explicit results for a series of polyurethanc ... of 0.980. Reid (80,81) hassuggested that for rigid amorphous polymers. should be proportionalmay be related to the. For brittle polymers, the value of toonset of crazing.Equations (32) and...
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