thermal properties of water and steam

... evaluation of the Dirac energy position and the size of the band gap Concurrent with the band structure shift, the size of the band-gap increases The band fitting retrieves the energy of the bottom of ... structural and chemical information reported so far are of pivotal importance to understand and give a microscopic explanation of the transport and gas sensing properties of GO Electrical Response of ... Castro, Dieter Merkle, and Petra Jantzen of Springer Of ce for their helpful assistance during the preparation of this special volume The Editors and Chairs of GraphITA Vittorio Morandi Luca Ottaviano...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:20

... structures and to amino acids with different physicochemical properties It is also broadly compatible with the work of Ikehara and colleagues [10,11] and of Rodin and Rodin [12] on the origin and evolution ... genes and the secondary structures of proteins Relationships and implications for the origin of the genetic code Gene 2000, 261:63-69 Ikehara K, Niihara Y: Origin and evolutionary process of the ... Pseudo-Replication of [GADV]-proteins and origin of life Int J Mol Sci 2009, 10:1525-1537 Rodin SN, Rodin AS: On the origin of the genetic code: signatures of its primordial complementarity in tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... the proteolytic processing of the proforms of the SVMPs occurs in advance of release of mature secretory vesicle contents into the lumen of the venom gland In the case of the SVMPs, activation ... Interaction of the cysteine-rich domain of snake venom metalloproteinases with the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor promotes site-specific proteolysis of von Willebrand factor and inhibition of von ... better understanding of venom action and possibly therapeutic intervention 13 References Takahashi T & Osaka A (1970) Purification and some properties of two hemorrhagic principles (HR2a and HR2b)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... Isolation and purification of the scrambled disulfide isomers of HPI In the presence of denaturant and thiol catalyst as indicated above, HPI was converted into the mixture of native and scrambled ... role of C-peptide in the folding/unfolding of HPI (Eur J Biochem 271) 1739 difference between PIP and HPI in the refolding pathway However, our studies of the oxidized refolding process of PIP and ... (preproinsulin) and folded as proinsulin, in which a connecting peptide of 35 residues links the C terminus of the B chain and N terminus of the A chain After digestion by a specific set of protein...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... Purification and characterization of short-chain, mediumchain, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from rat liver mitochondria: isolation of the holo- and apoenzymes and conversion of the apoenzyme ... (R256T) and folding (K364R) mutants A A B Fig Comparison of (A) western blot (showing the amount of tetramer formed) and (B) activity stain (showing the activity level of tetramer), of wild type ... protein K364R and wild-type MCAD (WT) (B) Comparison of the activity levels of purified K364R and wildtype MCAD, as determined by both the ferricenium and ETF assays (error bars indicate standard deviation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... design and synthesis of novel, small-molecule reagents that could improve the efficiency of the oxidative folding process Recently, on the basis of the physical properties of PDI, a variety of CXXC ... important role in thermal stability because the substitution of cysteine with serine results in a significant lowering of the thermodynamic and kinetic stability parameters of SsMTAPII and PfPNP [10,12] ... specificity for inosine and guanosine [12] SsMTAPII and PfPNP show features of exceptional thermophilicity and thermostability and are characterized by stabilizing disulfide bonds Two pairs of intrasubunit...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... Comparisons of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the folding of proteins from mesophilic and thermophilic ⁄ hyperthermophilic organisms can provide an insight into the mechanisms of stabilization ... [15] Analysis of a structural model of AmFd suggests that a combination of additional surface ion pairs, the zinc cofactor, and an efficiently packed core govern the high stability of this protein ... TmCsp, however, has significantly greater thermal and chemical stability (TM of 85 °C, pH 7; DGU of 26 kJÆmol)1, pH 7, 20 °C) than BsCsp (TM of 50 °C, pH 7; DGU of 11 kJÆmol)1, pH 7, 20 °C) [44] This...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... helix formation of collagen [70] and the maturation of transferrin [71], and CypB binds and affects HIV Gag and the HIV capsid protein p24 [72,73] Although complexes between PPIases and other folding ... transduction, which consists of two noncovalently assembled dimers, de and ce, and a covalently bound dimer of f chains [250] (Fig 6B) Synthesis of the f chain is only 10% of that of the other subunits ... rearrangement of intramolecular disulfide bonds [85] or by cycles of substrate reduction and subsequent oxidation [86] The active sites of most PDI family members consist of a CGHC motif The central and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... stabilization of mitochondrial DNA [4] In mammalian cells, two aconitase paralogs are present in the cytosol: iron regulatory proteins and (IRP1 and IRP2) IRP1 and IRP2 are important regulators of cellular ... staining (Fig 5C) Most of the bands in Fig 5A, lane 11 (fraction 10) were still present (Fig 5C, lane 1), but addition of 1% Triton X-100 to the buffer eliminated many of the protein bands (Fig 5C, lane ... mitochondria and the other one is unknown The protein bands separated from purified aggregates on SDS ⁄ PAGE were cut and identified using MS The results indicated the presence of hIRP1, as expected, in band...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... chromatography and chromatofocusing, as described previously [21] Results Expression and secretion of truncated variants of GCPII To analyze the contribution of individual domains of human GCPII ... NaCl and 20 lL of the GCPII sample, were preincubated for 15 at 37 °C in a final volume of 225 lL A 25 lL mixture of 950 nM ÔcoldÕ NAAG (Sigma) and 50 nM H-labelled NAAG (51.9 CiÆmmol)1; New England ... transfected with 274/587 and 274/750 The presence of recombinant proteins in cell lysates was analyzed at 0, 4, and 12 h following the addition of inhibitors No immunoreactive bands of expected molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... the protein (P19S and P37A) A full kinetic analysis of the major fast folding phase of wild-type yeast ubiquitin (WT*) and of a number of nondisruptive single-point Ala mutants and several double ... assignment of WT* for comparison with P37A, P38A and the A37A38 double mutant and have examined chemical shift perturbations and the pattern of NOEs in the vicinity of the mutation sites Deviations of ... structure of human ubiquitin [32] The position and orientation of the side chains of Pro19, Pro37 and Pro38 are highlighted along with the F45W mutation (drawn using MOLMOL [38]) The sequences of human...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... standard procedure of s-MDH assay, monitoring the rate of the fall of absorbance of 0.2 mM NADH at 340 nm at 25 °C in 150 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 mM oxaloacetate and ... [unfolding (s) and refolding (h)] and the emission maxima [unfolding (d) and refolding (m)] are indicated as a function of GdnHCl concentration Ó FEBS 2002 Folding of s-MDH: equilibrium and kinetic ... concentration beyond 0.75 M, the particle size expands and remains more Fig Equilibrium ‘dissociation and unfolding’, and ‘association and refolding’ of s-MDH, as measured by size-exclusion HPLC Experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... 400 nm with excitation and emission band pass of nm and nm, respectively ð3Þ DGUÀFH2 O ð4Þ where aF and aU are the intercepts and bF and bU are the slopes of the baselines of the equilibrium fluorescence ... of Nile red Ó FEBS 2004 Mechanism of folding and unfolding of HSA (Eur J Biochem 271) 1795 Fig Equilibrium refolding of HSA in the presence of different concentrations of GdnHCl The recovery of ... values of m and Dm The curve fittings were performed using MICROSOFT ORIGIN software Calculation of the rate constants from the kinetics of refolding HSA was found to follow two phases of refolding,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... determined The effects of the replacement of C74, C105 and C265 with a serine residue on the expression and complementation of the mutant phenotype of the gas1 null mutant of S cerevisiae were ... features of proteins of the GH72 family and demonstrate that the most N-terminal highly conserved cysteine is crucial for the folding and maturation of Gas1p Materials and methods Strains and growth ... mobility of Gas1p under reducing and nonreducing conditions Non-reduced (nr) and reduced (r) samples of total extracts, corresponding to % 60 lg of protein from W303-1B cells (A) and 0.5 lg of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... optimisation of analytical instrumentation: gas-chromatography- time -of- flight mass spectrometry of the metabolomes of human serum and of yeast fermentations Anal Chem 2005; 77: 290–303 Ihekwaba A, ... expression, chromosome segregation and cell division of eukaryotic genomes In the nuclei of almost all eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is highly folded and compacted with histone and nonhistone proteins in ... bacterial flagellum is made of a rotary motor and a long helical filament by means of which bacteria swim The flagellar motor rotates at around 300 Hz and drives the rapid rotation of each flagellum to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... patches, and the binding ability of RNA and DNA oligonucleotides with regard to both RNAUDE and UDE RNA binding signicantly affects thermal unfolding of UDE We followed the thermal unfolding of gel-ltrated ... the RNA-UDE state of Fig 5A, where the secondary structural elements termed Helix1, Helix2, Strand1 and Strand2 correspond to the two subcategories of helices and sheets (regular and distorted fractions) ... double-stranded cDNA, using both random hexamer and oligo-dT primers in independent experiments, randomly cloned, and 22 and 11 positive colonies, respectively, were sequenced Both UDE mRNA and 23S...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... direction of the pulling forces (arrows) B) Snapshot of the b-strands A’ and G of the I27 protein showing the protein backbone only for simplicity C) Snapshot of the bstrands A’ and G of the I27 ... separating b-strands In Figure B, we define the pulling coordinate for the A’ and G b-strands as the distance between the first amino acid of strand A’ (Y9) and the last amino acid of strand G (K87) ... fits of the WLC model to the data before and after the hump C) Histogram of Fhump and Funfold in H2O (top) and D2O (bottom) Gaussian fits (c) to the data give average values of Fhump = 105 pN and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... clean and reasonably free of moisture and cutting fluids NOTE The purpose of making up couplings handling-tight is to facilitate removal of the couplings for cleaning and inspecting threads and ... before application of paints and related products —— Visual assessment of surface cleanliness —— Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates ... of longitudinal imperfections ISO/TR 9769, Steel and iron —— Review of available methods of analysis ISO/TR 10400, Petroleum and natural gas industries —— Equations and calculations for the properties...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... representation of ThermoFAD In this case, the increase in fluorescence is generated by exposure of the flavin cofactor to the solvent upon protein unfolding (C) Overview of fluorescence properties of flavins and ... biological activity, size, and type of interaction (covalent and non-covalent) with the flavin cofactor (Table 1) As an indication of the efficiency and sensitivity of our approach, we compared ... technique Comparison of the stability of a soluble and globular flavoenzyme (FMO) in the presence of various ligands We tested a number of conditions for optimal stabilisation of a flavin-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... structural properties of different ensembles on the folding energy landscape [19,20] Mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation A large number of protein-misfolding diseases belong to a class of ... offering another route for therapeutic intervention [48,49] A clear understanding of the mechanism of the association of these cofactors with amyloid fibrils may expose further possibilities of ... The general concept of the multiplicity of protein folding and assembly landscapes discussed in this review may stimulate the development of new ideas and experiments to understand the fundamental...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20