Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps

... surface in uences the sagittal deviation of the diffracted beam much less if the geometry is as shown in Fig. 26.13. This is discussed in detail in [30]. To understand the meaning of |LP| and |PN| in ... impinging radiation is parallel. In order that the beam impinging on the surface of the groove at a certain point, A(x, y), be diffracted to the focus, the deviation, δ, must be [1...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... system, 49 focusing parameters affecting, 115 optical index for, 118 phase-space mapping, 43 polarization of, 356 scattering, 115 Neutron focusing optics, see Focusing neutron optics Neutron optical ... 373 ZEMAX c  , 313 528 Index High-gain harmonic generation (HGHG), 71 Huygens–Fresnel principle, 74 Imaging systems, method for determining focus position, 28 In- line X-ray optic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... similarity between neutron and X-ray optics. Focusing systems for neutrons also have much in common with their X-ray equivalents; in particular, focusing tests using capillary optics and Fresnel zone plates ... brief introduction is to give a flavour of the state-of-the-art in X-ray and neutron optics as well as an indication of future trends. 1.1 X-Ray Optics Th...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase- space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles or penetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24) 2.5.7 Intersection Point The intersection point (x M ,y M ,z M ) of the ray with the optical element is determined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting (...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles. 5 The expression 1/  |D| accounting for the surface integration. products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter wavelengths require highly grazing incidence optic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... is proposed. 8.1 Introduction All modern high-resolution X-ray microscopes (TXMs) and scanning trans- mission X-ray microscopes (STXMs) use zone plates as imaging or focusing X-ray optical elements ... field in a hollow weakly absorbing X-ray waveguide must take into account the interaction of the incoming beam with the cladding material at the entrance of the waveguide. The tota...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... scanning pentaprism. The main advantages of such a configuration were the introduction of an angle-maintaining pentaprism (less sensitive to vibra- tions and to the tilting errors of the scanning ... during a scan, an artificial slope is introduced, resulting in an incorrect measurement of the radius of curvature of the optic. Precise ther- mal monitoring at different points inside this inne...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... described in (13.3). It is possible to make the measurement without changing anything in the LTP but instead by simply inclining the grating with respect to the optics table in order to obtain the ... selected determines the measuring point spacing of the traced line. The lateral step size is defined by selecting the lateral shift between the lines scans in the start menu of the scan...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... ALS beamline 12. 0 and SLS beamline LUCIA (including Markus Janousch) for their support. Finally, the authors would like to thank several contributors to these works, including Sylvain Bro- chet, ... plasma chemical vaporization machining (PCVM) is employed for rough figuring, and elastic emission machining (EEM) is used for final figuring and surface super smoothing. These methods do not...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... are included, and several applications of capillary optics in X-ray diffractometry, micro -X-ray fluorescence analysis and absorption spectroscopy are presented. 18.1 Introduction Traditionally X-ray ... using single and multiple reflections are relatively efficient and are, in some cases, unique instruments for beam shaping of X-rays from laboratory sources as well as of synchr...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22