Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx

... number requires specialised instruments for tests and a careful and time consuming production process. The interesting point in the large tolerance for the surface errors in X-ray transmission lenses ... soft X-ray contact microscopy, or micromachining of polymers by direct photoetching. Grazing incidence X-ray optics can be used to collect the radiation in a wide wavelength...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... is proposed. 8.1 Introduction All modern high-resolution X-ray microscopes (TXMs) and scanning trans- mission X-ray microscopes (STXMs) use zone plates as imaging or focusing X-ray optical elements ... field in a hollow weakly absorbing X-ray waveguide must take into account the interaction of the incoming beam with the cladding material at the entrance of the waveguide. The tota...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... similarity between neutron and X-ray optics. Focusing systems for neutrons also have much in common with their X-ray equivalents; in particular, focusing tests using capillary optics and Fresnel zone plates ... The intention of this brief introduction is to give a flavour of the state-of-the-art in X-ray and neutron optics as well as an indication of future trends. 1...

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... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase- space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles or penetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24) 2.5.7 Intersection Point The intersection point (x M ,y M ,z M ) of the ray with the optical element is determined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting (...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles. 5 The expression 1/  |D| accounting for the surface integration. products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter wavelengths require highly grazing incidence optic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... ( 199 8) 21. D. Hambach, G. Schneider, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17(6), 3212 ( 199 9) 22. B. Kaulich, Dissertation, University of G¨ottingen, 199 6 23. G. Schneider, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(5), 599 ( 199 8) 24. ... 847 9. H.Lammert,T.Noll,T.Schlegel,F.Siewert,T.Zeschke,inPatentschrift DE103036 59 B4 2005.07.28 10. I. Weing¨artner,M.Schulz,C.Elster,inProceedings of SPIE, vol. 3782, 199 9, p. 306...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... described in (13.3). It is possible to make the measurement without changing anything in the LTP but instead by simply inclining the grating with respect to the optics table in order to obtain the ... Measuring Machine 195 Fig. 11.3. Thermal stability at the BESSY metrology-Laboratory (blue line )and inside the NOM housing (green line) by a torque-free coupling to the second, (b) th...

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... Multilayers Multi-bounce One-bounce Feng et al., 199 3 Baez, 195 2 Snigirev et al., 199 6 Kirkpatrik and Baez, 194 8 Undewood and Barbee, 198 6 Kreger, 194 8 Balaic, 199 5 E<20 keV <80 keV <20 keV <20 ... by Tatchyn in 199 0 [105], and the first zone plate with a blazed zone profile was manufactured at Wisconsin and tested at the APS using 8 keV X-rays showing 45% effici...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... inevitably introduced during manufacture can both lower the Gain =98 0 0.14 mm – 0.3 – 0.2 – 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 y [mm] Intensity [au] 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 – 0.1 –0.2 y [mm] x [m] 39. 94 39. 96 39. 98 ... are included, and several applications of capillary optics in X-ray diffractometry, micro -X-ray fluorescence analysis and absorption spectroscopy are presented. 18.1 Introducti...

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... cooled down invacuumandmeasuredatRT.TheXRRandGIXDSsimulationparameters are also shown in Table 24.2. An increase of the σ and σ eff −σ values indicates an advanced interface roughening and interdiffusion, ... using a pair of materials in thermodynamic equilib- rium or using compound layers instead of elemental ones [5–8]. Incorporation 23 Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ra...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22