Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc

... are included, and several applications of capillary optics in X-ray diffractometry, micro -X-ray fluorescence analysis and absorption spectroscopy are presented. 18. 1 Introduction Traditionally X-ray ... Moreover, in addition to the accuracy requirements in shape and positioning, etc., it is important to have 18 Capillary Optics for X-Rays 295 40 80 120 160 200 0 20 4...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... . . . . . 82 5.4.1 GaussianTests: StigmaticFocus 82 5.4.2 GaussianTests:AstigmaticFocus 84 5.5 BeamlineModeling 86 5.5.1 Modelingthe THzBeamlineonERLP 86 5.6 Summary 89 References 89 6 Theoretical ... brief introduction is to give a flavour of the state-of-the-art in X-ray and neutron optics as well as an indication of future trends. 1.1 X-Ray Optics There is a grow...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles. 5 The expression 1/  |D| accounting for the surface integration. products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter wavelengths require highly grazing incidence optic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... to solve the wave equation in the modulated region. Inserting E(x, z) (8. 20) into the scalar wave equation (8. 10) and performing the mathematical operations we obtain 184 A. Rommeveaux et al. modifications ... These combinations are sorted by the respective maximum absolute value of the positioning error, which occurs in one combination and are plotted in Fig. 8. 21. For a certa...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... by Tatchyn in 1990 [105], and the first zone plate with a blazed zone profile was manufactured at Wisconsin and tested at the APS using 8 keV X-rays showing 45% efficiency for linear and 39% efficiency ... plasma chemical vaporization machining (PCVM) is employed for rough figuring, and elastic emission machining (EEM) is used for final figuring and surface super smoothing. These methods...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... using a pair of materials in thermodynamic equilib- rium or using compound layers instead of elemental ones [5 8] . Incorporation 23 Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ray and Neutron Optics ... cooled down invacuumandmeasuredatRT.TheXRRandGIXDSsimulationparameters are also shown in Table 24.2. An increase of the σ and σ eff −σ values indicates an advanced interface rou...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... step by step by removing one material at a time (and correspondingly reducing the reflectivity) until a single layer coating remains. 424 J.I.Larruquertetal. 0.75 0 .80 0 .85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Cu Lu Dy Co Y Ru Pt Ir W Re Ti Rh CaF 2 Zr Au Hf Ta Ag Pd Sc Nb k n Mo BaF 2 SiO 2 SrF 2 Eu Sm Ce Cr Gd Pm Nd Fe BN La Pr C Os B 4 C B Be Si ... the power of inverse of the complex...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... direction determined by the angle β (Fig. 28. 13): β = ω +2ϕ ···. ( 28. 19) The incident angle, ω, giving a maximum intensity in the mth diffraction order, can be determined from ( 28. 15). Solving ( 28. 18) and ( 28. 15), ... be obtained. 28 Volume Modulated Diffraction X-Ray Optics 489 The multilayer interference X-ray mirror modulated by SAW thus acts as a diffraction grating, re...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... that, the factor of 2 on the right hand of Eq.(14) is observed, because we consider two sub-bands in valence band including heavy hole band and light hole band. Using Eqs(1-14),we can numerically ... τ ⎫ ⎬ ⎭ ++Δ+Δ (1) In Eq.(1), the first to fifth terms on the right hand side represent the linear gain, two-photon absorption (TPA), FCA in conduction band, FCA in valence band an...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase- space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles or penetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24) 2.5.7 Intersection Point The intersection point (x M ,y M ,z M ) of the ray with the optical element is determined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting (...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22