Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc

... by Tatchyn in 1990 [105], and the first zone plate with a blazed zone profile was manufactured at Wisconsin and tested at the APS using 8 keV X-rays showing 45% efficiency for linear and 39% efficiency ... Spiga Fig. 16.1. Calculated X-ray reflectivity of a constant d-spacing W/Si multilayer (dashed line) and a W/Si supermirror (solid line) in the energy range 1 70 keV at the grazing i...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... CrystalFocusing 1 17 7.4.1 FocusingMonochromator 1 17 7.4.2 BentPerfectCrystalMonochromators 118 7. 5 RefractiveOptics 118 7. 5.1 Solid-State Lenses 118 7. 5.2 MagneticLenses 121 7. 5.3 ReflectiveOptics 122 7. 5.4 ... Focusing Optics for Neutrons F. Ott 113 7. 1 Introduction 113 7. 2 CharacteristicsofNeutronBeams 114 7. 3 Passive Focusing: Collimating Focusing . . . . . . . . . . ....

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles. 5 The expression 1/  |D| accounting for the surface integration. products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter wavelengths require highly grazing incidence optic...

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... aperture. 8.5 The In uence of Interdiffusion and Roughness Up to now X-ray microscopes mainly operate in the soft X-ray wavelength range between the K-absorption edges of oxygen and carbon (2.34–4.37nm wavelength). ... scanning pentaprism. The main advantages of such a configuration were the introduction of an angle-maintaining pentaprism (less sensitive to vibra- tions and to the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... (b)Knife-edgetestat9keV.Verticalspotsizeis4.5 μm FWHM and horizontal is 6.5 μmFWHM a) b) 70 00 72 00 74 00 76 00 78 00 8000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Energy (eV) 71 00 71 10 71 20 71 30 71 40 71 50 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Fluorescence Energy ... 17] . This code gives information about the intensity distribution in the focal spot, the system efficiency and the gain. Gain is d...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ray and Neutron Optics 377 After the sputtering the multilayers were characterized by X-ray reflection with a wavelength of 0.154 nm and neutron reflection ... cooled down invacuumandmeasuredatRT.TheXRRandGIXDSsimulationparameters are also shown in Table 24.2. An increase of the σ and σ eff −σ values indicates an advanced interface...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... described in Sects. 25.4.1 and 25.4.2 may readily be extended to the design of a multilayer coating in which the refractive index varies con- tinuously in depth. In this case, an inhomogeneous coating ... the power of inverse of the complex refractive index of the next (outer) layer, including an inclination term. Thus inreflectance is not defined for the outermost layer. Maximizing t...

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... space and in energy, and progress has also been made in improving resolution in real space. In this chapter a short introduction to the dynamical theory behind crystal diffractors and their coupling ... diffraction in a grazing incidence setting. This setting is also known as a one-dimensional (1D) beam expander in real space. Combining two asymmetric diffractors with mutually...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase- space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles or penetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24) 2.5 .7 Intersection Point The intersection point (x M ,y M ,z M ) of the ray with the optical element is determined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... incoherent source of radiation in computer code is considered as a set of N radiators with random initial phases distributed 7 Focusing Optics for Neutrons 123 Fig. 7. 7. Neutron supermirrors available ... Lobster eye optics (Fig. 7. 13) [26]. This principle seems very appealing in theory. In practice, a number of difficulties have been Fig. 7. 12. Focusing bender (T. Krist, HM...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22