Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc

... mirror 38 . 137 .0 43. 936 .9 2 m beyond collimating mirror 30 . 930 .05 36 .33 1.1 6 Theoretical Analysis of X-Ray Waveguides 95 We are using here the approximations sin(Φ) ≈ Φ ≈ tan(Φ) and cos (Φ) ≈ 1 ... field and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorter wavelengths require highly grazing incidence...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... 518 30 .3. 3 Dependence of Surface Mechanical Deformations ontheTargetCoolingGeometry 518 30 .3. 4CoolingTemperature 520 30 .3. 5CoolingChannelsVariations 520 30 .3. 6CoolingBlockArrangement 521 30 .3. 7 ... . . . . . 33 6 21 .3. 1Focusing SpatiallyIncoherentRadiation 33 8 21 .3. 2FocusingSpatiallyCoherentRadiation 33 8 21.4 DiscussionofExperimentalData 34 2 21.4.1Parametersofthe Cle...

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... aperture. 8.5 The In uence of Interdiffusion and Roughness Up to now X-ray microscopes mainly operate in the soft X-ray wavelength range between the K-absorption edges of oxygen and carbon (2 .34 –4 .37 nm wavelength). ... obtainable resolution scales inversely with the diffraction order m used for X-ray imaging (see (8 .3) ). However, if optically thin gratings are assumed, it res...

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... by Tatchyn in 1990 [105], and the first zone plate with a blazed zone profile was manufactured at Wisconsin and tested at the APS using 8 keV X-rays showing 45% efficiency for linear and 39 % efficiency ... approximately (neglecting the beam refraction) determined by Bragg’s law, 2d sin ϑ i ≈ kλ. (16 .3) In (16 .3) , k is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the radiation in use. Mu...

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... capillary size (μm) 3. 6 Table 18.2. Physical parameters of the lens 51MLS02 E (keV) 3 5 5–7.5 7.5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25 30 Focal sp ot size FWHM (μm) 38 40 41 41 35 31 33 Intensity gain 2,892 7,078 ... using single and multiple reflections are relatively efficient and are, in some cases, unique instruments for beam shaping of X-rays from laboratory sources as well as of synchrot...

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... 30 0 ◦ C t Ni (nm) 1.26 1.26 1.28 1 .32 1 .33 1 .34 t C (nm) 1.89 1.89 1.92 1.98 1.99 2.01 Λ (nm) 3. 15 3. 15 3. 23. 33. 32 3. 35 ρ Ni (g cm 3 )8.98.98.98.58.58.0 ρ C (g cm 3 )2.22.22.12.02.01.8 σ eff C-on-Ni (nm) ... from m =1to 2and5 0 in the interval from m = 2 to 3. 3. In conclusion it can be said that in the past 5 years the critical angle of polarizing and nonpolarizin...

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... a multilayer coating in which the refractive index varies con- tinuously in depth. In this case, an inhomogeneous coating with a refractive index profile can be optimized, in principle, at every ... coatings which have been designed and made with various two-material combinations, such as C/Si [35 ], Ir/Si [36 ], and Al/Nb [37 ]. These have theoretical normal-incidence reflectiviti...

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... resolution in recip- rocal space and in energy, and progress has also been made in improving resolution in real space. In this chapter a short introduction to the dynamical theory behind crystal ... behind crystal diffractors and their coupling is given and modern one- and two-dimensional elements based on symmetric, asymmetric and inclined diffractions are introduced. T...

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... of the (x, z)-position is determined by [29] n = n 0 ·  1+2b 2 z +3b 3 z 2 +4b 4 z 3 +2b 5 x +3b 6 x 2 +4b 7 x 3  . (2 .33 ) Transmitting Optics For transmitting optics (SL it, FO il) the direction ... element is here θ+α (EL )and2 θ (PA), respectively, θ being the grazing incidence angle and α the tangent angle on the ellipse. 3 Neutron Beam Phase Space Mapping 49 3. 3 Ne...

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... refractive optics Element δ (×10 −6 ) β (×10 −12 ) δ/β (a.u.) Comment Be 150.07 .31 20.5 Handling difficult C 186.24.9 38 Diamond Mg 36 .821.51.7 Al 33 .0 110 0 .3 Si 33 .068 0.5 Ni 149.8 32 00 0.05 High ... et al., Physica B 234 – 236 , 1052 (1997) 30 . B. Alefeld, L. Dohmen, D. Richter, Th. Br¨uckel, Physica B 2 83, 33 0 (2000) 31 . E. Kentzinger et al., Physica B 35 0, e779 (2004...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22