... physical, psy-chological and sexual abuse, as well as childhood physi-cal, psychological and sexual abuse. They showed alsoelevated levels of substances abuse, and were more fre-quently suffering ... male offenders were Swisscitizens. However, considering the well known highthreshold in becoming a Swiss citizen, overcome easilyonly by marriage, one wonders whether nationality is avalid ... offending, in fact there were only three types of violent offensesfemales were convicted for in our sample: One third were convicted of murder, one third for arsonand only one woman was convicted...