Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 3 pps

... to classifying the product into one of the following categories: high-, medium-, and low-risk products. Each stage of the procedure leads to either an assessment of the risk (and therefore classification ... being the CEB test No. 95 method of the Commis- sion des essais biologiques (CEB) [ 13] . • Assessment of the effects of application of the product outdoors u...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... channel. Imidacloprid (IMI) {1–[(6-chloro- 3- pyridinyl)methyl ]-4 ,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-amine} is one of these new molecules (Figure 6.1). According to the literature, IMI in insects acts ... acetylcholine-induced currents [2, 4]. Finally, the dual effect of IMI can be explained by the presence in the central nervous system of the honey bee of two types o...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... CAS no. 3- Methyl -3 - buten-2-ol C 5 H 10 O 86 x 1047 3- 1 4-0 2-Methyl-1-butanol C 5 H 12 O 88 x 13 7 -3 2-6 3- Methyl-1-butanol C 5 H 12 O 88 x 12 3- 5 1 -3 2-Pentanol C 5 H 12 O 88 x 6 03 2-2 9-7 2-Methylcyclopentanol ... C 5 H 8 O 2 100 x 182 3- 5 2-5 3- Methyl-2-butanone C 5 H 10 O 86 x 56 3- 8 0-4 2-Pentanone C 5 H 10 O 86 x 10 7-8 7-9 2 , 3- dihydro...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... to testing), the motivation of the bees to get food would not overpass the fifth trial, the level of the CR then starting to decrease. Most often the level of CR reaches a maximum by the third trial. ... food within the hive. Most studies have evaluated the impact of acute pre-conditioning exposure by using an instantaneous administration [34 , 35 ] or 16 to 24h ex...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... 62 .3 7.0 37 .7 6.5 2722.0 242.0 164.0 51.0 3 480 .38 0.77 27.0 11.4 1 63. 0 17.0 53. 7 8.4 439 2.0 38 9.0 33 5.0 73. 0 4 77.90 0 .36 Ͻ 13. 2 NA 115.0 12.0 64.1 9.8 31 58.0 2 832 .0 242.0 68.0 5 445.90 0.74 23. 9 ... 22.26 4.69 0.68 3. 02 0.98 11.68 1.40 Old 2 1 6 93. 43 11.56 58.96 13. 75 3. 40 0. 53 2.24 0.46 12.68 1.48 2 702 .34 11.71 9 .32 1.25 2.97 0 .39 1.15 0 .35 14.02 1 .37...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... 43. 1 36 7 .3 1 63. 8Ϯ 94.7 40 K 259–715 411Ϯ106 34 2–507 4 23 50 259–715 39 8Ϯ 147 137 Cs 43. 1–500.0 176.0Ϯ126.6 51.2–500.0 199.5Ϯ1 43. 7 43. 1 34 2.0 152.5Ϯ 1 13. 0 Rb 76.5–177 .3 1 23. 9Ϯ 33 .0 124.7–177 .3 ... 6 267 9 24 3 18 31 66 39 4 25 461019 5 39 8 20 13 10 10 624 679 7 7 33 14 7 39 8 27 6 32 35 92 130 22 252 10 9 3 45 36 7 11 40 10 29 14 7 12 6 30 27 24 6 7...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... 10.51 Ͻld 0.20 137 Ͻld 38 .04 Ͻld 0.08 Ͻld 0.92 13. 04 1. 03 0.10 72.40 27.99 0. 73 Ͻld 138 Ͻld 43. 32 Ͻld Ͻld Ͻld 1 .37 5.98 3. 28 0.24 49.06 17.97 1.74 Ͻld 139 Ͻld 37 .65 Ͻld Ͻld 0 .30 1 .39 9.61 1.55 Ͻld ... 0. 43 Ͻld 134 Ͻld 31 .58 Ͻld Ͻld 0 .34 1.02 8.88 0 .35 Ͻld 56.20 20.48 Ͻld 0 .38 135 Ͻld 26.71 Ͻld Ͻld 0.19 0.64 8.02 0 .33 Ͻld 50.20 19 .31 0.60 0.65 136 Ͻld 14.52 Ͻld Ͻ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... inhibitor- insensitive proteases of insect pests. Trends Biotechnol. 14, 33 1 33 3. 32 Michaud, D. (1997). Avoiding protease-mediated resistance to herbivorous pests. Trends Biotechnol. 15, 4–6. 33 Murdock, ... 9C), and the promoter associ- ated with the coding sequence (which affects the quantity and location of the Cry protein). In 1999, 30 percent of the cultivated area...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... conclusion, there are two possibilities to avoid risk for honey bees: the nonexpression of the toxin in the tissues bees feed on, or the innocu- ousness of the toxin for bees. The risk assessment of the ... investigated such as the location of the bee on the plant (flowers or green parts, rank from the top of the flower visited on the plant), or the typ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... with the demonstrated will- ingness and ability to honor their policy commitments—are hypothesized to offer donors a higher rate -of- return on their environmental aid investment than non-credible ... agencies. 37 Another body of literature identifies the criteria by which aid is allocated among recipient countries as a key determinant of environmental aid effectiveness. 38 Whe...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 00:10